相思子根化学成分研究——相思子醌A,B,D,E,F,G

从民间药用抗肝炎药相思子（ＡｂｒｕｓｐｒｅｃａｔｏｒｉｕｓＬ．）根中分得８个异黄烷醌类化合物,即相思子醌Ａ、Ｂ、Ｄ、Ｅ、Ｆ、Ｇ以及已知化合物３,７二羟基６甲氧基双氢黄酮和２,８二羟基３,４,９,１０四甲氧基紫檀素。用化学转化和光谱学方法包括１Ｈ１ＨＣＯＳＹ、１Ｈ１３ＣＣＯＳＹ、ＣＤ等方法鉴定它们的结构。     

羊红膻根的化学成分研究

从羊红膻（ＰｉｍｐｉｎｅｌａｔｈｅｌｕｎｇｉａｎａＷｏｌｆ）根的７５％乙醇提取物的乙醚萃取部分,分得一化合物。经光谱（ＵＶ、ＩＲ、１ＨＮＭＲ、１３ＣＮＭＲ、１Ｈ１ＨＣＯＳＹ、１Ｈ１３ＣＣＯＳＹ和ＭＳ）分析,确定为新化合物２（１甲氧基２羟基）丙基４甲氧基苯酚,命名为羊红膻素Ｅ（ｔｈｅｌｕｎｇｉａｎｉｎＥ）。     

有氧运动对高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体活性调节的影响

本文研究了实验性高胆固醇血症大鼠肝脏低密度脂蛋白受体（ＬＤＬＲ）活性变化及有氧运动时ＬＤＬＲ活性调节的影响。发现,高脂（ＨＣ）组肝组织匀浆ＬＤＬＲ活性较正常对照（ＮＣ）组降低３７％（Ｐ＜０．０５）,同时血清总胆固醇（ＴＣ）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（ＬＤＬＣ）及血清载脂蛋白Ｂ（ＡｐｏＢ）均显著高于ＮＣ组（Ｐ＜０．０１）;高脂＋运动（ＨＥ）组ＴＣ、ＬＤＬＣ及ＡｐｏＢ均明显低于ＨＣ组,而ＬＤＬＲ活性则较ＨＣ组增高２６％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结果提示：（１）高胆固醇负荷时细胞可通过下行调节影响ＬＤＬＲ活性;（２）运动可能通过增加对细胞内胆固醇利用和降解,反馈作用于下行调节过程影响ＬＤＬＲ的合成,增加对ＬＤＬＣ摄取而显著改善血脂水平。     

长期大强度运动对大鼠脑组织神经肽Y、亮氨酸脑啡肽、强啡肽A_(1-13)动态变化的影响

目的和方法：采用ＡＢＣ免疫组织化学法结合图象分析,观察大鼠脑组织神经肽Ｙ、亮氨酸脑啡肽、强啡肽Ａ１１３ 在长期（ 共７ 周）大强度（速度由１５ ｍ／ｍｉｎ 递增至３５ ｍ／ｍｉｎ、运动时间为２０ ～２５ ｍｉｎ／ｄ） 的运动下的变化。结果：安静状态下在丘脑室旁核（ＰＶ） 、下丘脑背内侧核（ＤＭ） 、下丘脑腹内侧核（ＶＭＨ）等核团ＮＰＹ 无显著性变化;在此基础上的末次急性运动结束后３ ｈ ＮＰＹ 变化尤为明显。安静状态下大鼠尾壳核ＬＥＮＫ 下降;而末次急性运动后大鼠下丘脑ＬＥＮＫ 被迅速激活而升高。该强度运动能激活下丘脑ＤＹＮＡ１１３ ,尤以运动结束后３０ ｍｉｎ 最为明显。结论： ＮＰＹ、ＬＥＮＫ、ＤＹＮＡ１１３ 在该强度运动下大鼠不同脑区呈现不同变化趋势     

红核在肌梭传入抑制伤害性反应中的作用

本实验用玻璃微电极细胞外记录方法, 观察了刺激红核对皮肤强电刺激诱发的大鼠脊髓背角广动力范围（ｗｉｄｅ ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ ｒａｎｇｅ, ＷＤＲ） 神经元长潜伏期反应（Ｃ反应） 的作用, 及红核对琥珀胆碱（ｓｕｃｃｉｎｙｌｃｈｏｌｉｎｅ,ＳＣＨ） 诱发的肌梭传入抑制ＷＤＲ神经元Ｃ反应效应的影响。结果表明： 电刺激红核对ＷＤＲ 神经元Ｃ反应具有抑制作用, 此作用可被静注噻庚啶明显减弱。静脉注射ＳＣＨ 对ＷＤＲ神经元Ｃ反应有明显抑制作用, 损毁单侧红核后,ＳＣＨ 对ＷＤＲ神经元Ｃ反应的抑制效应明显减弱。结果提示,５ＨＴ参与红核的痛下行抑制作用, 在肌梭传入镇痛中红核起着一定的作用     

高氧预适应对大鼠心肌缺血损伤时抗氧化酶的影响

抗氧化酶具有减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用,在抗氧化酶中,比较重要的是超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）,谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧｌｕｔａｔｈｉｏｎｅＰｅｒｏｘｉｄａｓｅ,ＧＳＨｐｘ）和过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）。为了解高氧预适应（ＨｙｐｅｒｏｘｉｃＰｒｅｃｏｎｄｉｔｉｏｎｉｎｇ,ＨＯＰ）对大鼠心肌缺血损伤时抗氧化酶的影响,本实验将实验组大鼠放入高压氧舱内,每日吸８０－８５％氧气（１ａｔｍ,１５－２０％为氮气）６ｈ,连续７ｄ。利用Ｌａｎｇｅｎｄｏｒｆ装置做成心肌缺血再灌注模型。实验动物随机分为二个部分。第一部分可逆性心肌缺血（ＨＯＰＡ组与对照Ａ组）：缺血１０ｍｉｎ,再灌注６０ｍｉｎ。观察冠脉回流液中ＳＯＤ活力,检测心肌内抗氧化酶活力（ＳＯＤ,ＧＳＨｐｘ,ＣＡＴ）。第二部分不可逆性心肌缺血（ＨＯＰＢ组与对照Ｂ组）：缺血６０ｍｉｎ,再灌注６０ｍｉｎ。测定冠脉回流液中肌酸磷酸激酶（ＣＰＫ）含量,ＳＯＤ及心肌内抗氧化酶活力。结果表明：对于可逆性心肌缺血：ＳＯＤ,ＧＳＨｐｘ活力升高;对于不可逆性心肌缺血损伤：ＨＯＰ能减少ＣＰＫ释放,ＳＯＤ活力升高。     

ICAM在着床期小鼠PBLC及EC/DC中表达的研究(英文)

细胞粘附分子（ＣＡＭ）可介导细胞间及细胞与间质之间的相互作用并传导信息,参与机体胚胎发育、免疫调节、炎症反应、组织修复及肿瘤转移等生理和病理过程。细胞间粘附分子１（ＩＣＡＭ１）是主要的ＣＡＭ分子之一,可表达于活化的细胞,内皮细胞等。人膜是母体与胚胎滋养层直接接触的特殊组织、已发现蜕膜细胞在着床过程中参与了局部免疫耐受的形成,但对着床期ＩＣＡＭ１在蜕膜细胞表达的动态研究鲜见报道。本研究采用免疫荧光、多参数流式细胞术,分别从整体和局部角度、着床过程中外周血淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬＣ）及子宫内膜／蜕膜（ＥＣ／ＤＣ）细胞ＩＣＡＭ１的不同表达特点进行了动态观察和对比性分析。结果发现,ＩＣＡＭ１在着床期ＰＢＬＣ及ＥＣ／ＤＣ中的表达均存在明显的动态变化（Ｔａｂ．１;Ｆｉｇｓ．１＆２）。ＩＣＡＭ１在ＰＢＬＣ中的表达于妊娠第一天（Ｄ１）即开始降低,Ｄ２降至最低;与此不同,ＩＣＡＭ１在ＥＣ／ＤＣ中的表达于Ｄ２开始降低,Ｄ４降至最低,Ｄ５开始恢复,但尚未恢复到对照水平。结果表明,ＩＣＡＭ１在蜕膜局部的表达调节方式不同于外周血;ＩＣＡＭ１表达阳性的外周血,淋巴细胞和蜕膜细胞均代表着活化的功能性细胞,这些细胞表面ＩＣＡＭ     

人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶cDNA的克隆,测序及表达

用逆转录聚合酶链反应（ＲＴＰＣＲ）,以人胎肝组织总ＲＮＡ为模板,扩增了人铜锌超氧化物歧化酶（ｈＣｕ,ＺｎＳＯＤ）的ｃＤＮＡ,并进行序列分析,将该ｈＣｕ,ＺｎＳＯＤｃＤＮＡ重组到Ｔ７启动子控制下的分泌型表达载体ｐＥＴ２２ｂ（＋）中,构建表达质粒ｐＥＴＳＯＤ,并转化大肠杆菌ＢＬ２１（ＤＥ３）。ＳＤＳＰＡＧＥ及蛋白质印迹分析表明,经１ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ异丙基硫代βＤ半乳糖苷（ＩＰＴＧ）诱导后,可高效表达一分子量为１９ｋＤ的蛋白质,与抗人ＳＯＤ多抗有特异的免疫反应,表达量约为菌体总蛋白质的３０％,具有特异性ＳＯＤ酶活性,酶活力可达１７９７ｕ／ｍｌ培基。     

地塞米松和肺成纤维细胞对大鼠胎肺表面活性物质合成的影响

为提高ＤＥＸ对新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征（ＮＲＤＳ）的防治,本文研究了地塞米松（ＤＥＸ）促进肺表面活性物质（ＰＳ）合成的作用机制。用分离培养的２０天大鼠胚胎肺泡Ⅱ型细胞为材料,观察了单独用ＤＥＸ、用与不用ＤＥＸ刺激后的成纤维细胞条件培养液（ＤＥＸＦＣＭ、ＦＣＭ）对肺泡Ⅱ型细胞ＰＳ中磷脂合成及特异性肺表面活性物质蛋白质ＳＰＢ、ＳＰＣｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。结果表明,ＤＥＸ本身及未用ＤＥＸ刺激的ＦＣＭ对肺泡Ⅱ型细胞的上述三种指标均没有影响,而ＤＥＸ刺激后的ＤＥＸＦＣＭ使这三个指标有不同程度的增加效应。提示糖皮质激素刺激肺泡Ⅱ型细胞ＰＳ合成增加是由成纤维细胞介导的     

三唑酮对绿豆幼苗叶片衰老的延缓作用

三唑酮处理可提高离体绿豆（ＰｈａｓｅｏｌｕｓｒａｄｉａｔｕｓＬ．）幼苗叶片叶绿素和蛋白质含量。叶片衰老过程中超氧物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、过氧化物酶（ＰＯＤ）、过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）和抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（ＡｓＡＰＯＤ）活性及抗坏血酸（ＡｓＡ）和还原型谷胱甘肽（ＧＳＨ）含量降低。２０ｍｇ／Ｌ三唑酮可提高ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量,对ＳＯＤ、ＣＡＴ活性无影响。丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量在叶片衰老过程中提高,并与ＰＯＤ、ＡｓＡＰＯＤ活性和ＡｓＡ、ＧＳＨ含量呈显著负相关,三唑酮可降低ＭＤＡ含量。表明三唑酮有提高植物对膜脂过氧化作用的保护能力,延缓叶片的衰老作用。     

十三烷1,13—二羧酸的发酵研究

热带假丝酵母(C.tropicalis)NP-6-126是经过紫外线和亚硝酸反复诱变筛选培育出来的,它是生产十三烷1,13一二羧酸(DC_(15)的优良生产突变株,尿素和硝酸钾浓度对其产酸有明显影响。尿素浓度在0.15％～0.21％范围内对产酸有利,尤其是0.18％最佳,浓度增大,明显抑制DC_(15)的产生和积累;硝酸钾的加入,也明显促进DC_(15)产量的提高,0.6％～0.9％硝酸钾浓度较合适。于16L自动控制罐发酵7d,DC_(15)达到130g/L,放大到2500L罐,在最佳条件下,连续5批,发酵6d,DC_(15)产量平均达到176g/L,正十五烷(nC_(15)转化率平均为52.5％,后处理总收率平均为80.6％,DC_(15)的纯度平均为95.83％。     

丙烯酸对十六碳二元酸发酵的影响和16L罐扩试

本文报道丙烯酸对发酵生产十六碳二元酸(DC_(16))的影响,加入0.1%丙烯酸,DC_(16)产量提高20—30%.在16L自动控制罐上,在最佳条件下,加入20%(v/v)正十六烷(nC_(16)),发酵5天,DC_(16)高达120g/L,nC_(16)的转化率高达79%.     

Intramembranous charge movement in frog cut twitch fibers mounted in a double vaseline-gap chamber

Intramembranous charge movement was measured in cut twitch fibers mounted in a double Vaseline-gap chamber with either a tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA.Cl) or a TEA2.SO4 solution (13-14 degrees C) in the central pool. Charge vs. voltage data were fitted by a single two-state Boltzmann distribution function. The average values of V (the voltage at which steady-state charge is equally distributed between the two Boltzmann states), k (the voltage dependence factor), and qmax/cm (the maximum charge divided by the linear capacitance, both per unit length of fiber) were V = -53.3 mV (SEM, 1.1 mV), k = 6.3 mV (SEM, 0.3 mV), qmax/cm = 18.0 nC/microF (SEM, 1.1 nC/microF) in the TEA.Cl solution; and V = -35.1 mV (SEM, 1.8 mV), k = 10.5 mV (SEM, 0.9 mV), qmax/cm = 36.3 nC/microF (SEM, 3.2 nC/microF) in the TEA2.SO4 solution. These values of k are smaller than those previously reported for cut twitch fibers and are as small as those reported for intact fibers. If a correction is made for the contributions of currents from under the Vaseline seals, V = -51.2 mV (SEM, 1.1 mV), k = 7.2 mV (SEM, 0.4 mV), qmax/cm = 22.9 nC/microF (SEM, 1.4 nC/microF) in the TEA.Cl solution; and V = -34.0 mV (SEM, 1.9 mV), k = 10.1 mV (SEM, 1.1 mV), qmax/cm = 38.8 nC/microF (SEM, 3.2 nC/microF) in the TEA2.SO4 solution. With this correction, however, the fit of the theoretical curve to the data is poor. A good fit with this correction can be obtained with a sum of two Boltzmann distribution functions. The first has average values V = -33.0 mV (SEM, 2.8 mV), k = 11.0 mV (SEM, 0.5 mV), qmax/cm = 10.6 nC/microF (SEM, 1.0 nC/microF) in the TEA.Cl solution; and V = -20.0 mV (SEM, 3.3 mV), k = 17.0 mV (SEM, 2.0 mV), qmax/cm = 36.4 nC/microF (SEM, 2.3 nC/microF) in the TEA2.SO4 solution. The second has average values V = -56.5 mV (SEM, 1.3 mV), k = 2.9 mV (SEM, 0.4 mV), qmax/cm = 13.2 nC/microF (SEM, 1.0 nC/microF) in the TEA.Cl solution; and V = -41.6 mV (SEM, 1.4 mV), k = 2.5 mV (SEM, 0.8 mV), qmax/cm = 11.8 nC/microF (SEM, 1.7 nC/microF) in the TEA2.SO4 solution. When a fiber is depolarized to near V of the second Boltzmann function, a slowly developing "hump" appears in the ON-segment of the current record.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

温度对谷胱甘肽分批发酵的影响及动力学模型

研究了24～32℃范围内产朊假丝酵母生产谷胱甘肽的分批发酵过程,发现较高温度对细胞生长有促进作用,而较低温度则更有利于谷胱甘肽产量的提高。应用改进的Logistic和LuedekingPiret方程分别对细胞生长动力学和谷胱甘肽合成动力学进行了模拟,得到不同温度下各种动力学参数。在此基础上,进一步研究了温度同细胞生长动力学参数之间的内在联系,得到谷胱甘肽分批发酵过程中细胞浓度的变化同温度以及底物浓度之间的一般关系式：dX-dt＝［0.0224(T+1.7)］2X(1-X/X_max)1+S｛8.26×10.6×exp［-31477/R/(T+273)］｝。验证实验结果表明,该模型具有很好的适用性。     

里氏木霉液体发酵产纤维素酶的研究

在摇瓶试验基础上,采用里氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)HC-415菌株进行5L自控罐产纤维素酶深层发酵试验。在通气量为 0.2—0.6vvm、搅拌速度为 400r/min、发酵液pH控制在5.8—6.1的条件下,发酵液的羧甲基纤维素(CMC)酶酶活最高为325.0mg糖/ml,滤纸糖酶(FPA)酶活最高达17.9mg糖/ml。发酵周期为108h。所得冻干纤维素酶粉CMC酶活最高3111IU/g,FPA最高135IU/g ,对发酵液得率平均6.7g/L。酶活总收率CMC酶活平均78.2％,FPA酶活平均73.5％。     

十二碳二元酸的发酵研究

热带假丝酵母(Candidatropicalis)UH248菌株在单因子实验的基础上经过正交实验后,以正十二烷发酵生成十二碳二元酸的产酸量从817g/L提高到1082g/L。而其二元酸产品的纯度(>97%)满足工业生产的需要。吐温60010%、尿素012%、维生素B2150μg/L、青霉素150μ/mL、丙氨酸050%的浓度时也对十二碳二元酸产量有促进作用。用一株以UH248为母株诱变筛选的新的优良突变株HP12菌株,在最佳条件下,20m³罐中发酵151h,十二碳二元酸的平均产量达2021g/L。     

High-solid enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of solka floc into ethanol

To lower the cost of ethanol distillation of fermentation broths, a high initial glucose concentration is desired. However, an increase in the substrate concentration typically reduces the ethanol yield because of insufficient mass and heat transfer. In addition, different operating temperatures are required to optimize the enzymatic hydrolysis (50 degrees ) and fermentation (30 degrees ). Thus, to overcome these incompatible temperatures, saccharification followed by fermentation (SFF) was employed with relatively high solid concentrations (10% to 20%) using a portion loading method. In this study, glucose and ethanol were produced from Solka Floc, which was first digested by enzymes at 50 degrees for 48 h, followed by fermentation. In this process, commercial enzymes were used in combination with a recombinant strain of Zymomonas mobilis (39679:pZB4L). The effects of the substrate concentration (10% to 20%, w/v) and reactor configuration were also investigated. In the first step, the enzyme reaction was achieved using 20 FPU/g cellulose at 50 degrees for 96 h. The fermentation was then performed at 30 degrees for 96 h. The enzymatic digestibility was 50.7%, 38.4%, and 29.4% after 96 h with a baffled Rushton impeller and initial solid concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/v), respectively, which was significantly higher than that obtained with a baffled marine impeller. The highest ethanol yield of 83.6%, 73.4%, and 21.8%, based on the theoretical amount of glucose, was obtained with a substrate concentration of 10%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, which also corresponded to 80.5%, 68.6%, and 19.1%, based on the theoretical amount of the cell biomass and soluble glucose present after 48 h of SFF.     

Influence of pH and temperature on soluble substrate generation with primary sludge fermentation

The study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of pH and temperature control on the generation of soluble fermentation products from primary sludge. The effect was tested by running parallel experiments under pH and temperature controlled and uncontrolled conditions. In fermentation experiments conducted at 20 degrees C without pH control, the average soluble COD release was 14 mg per liter of wastewater treated, representing a potential increase of 5% in the biodegradable COD content of the primary sedimentation effluent. The corresponding average VFA generation was 9.2mg COD l(-1). The nutrient release was practically negligible and stayed at 0.4 mg l(-1) for nitrogen and 0.1mg l(-1) for phosphorus. Acetic acid accounted more than 45% of the generated VFA in all experimental runs. The acetic acid content of the VFA decreased with increasing initial VSS concentrations and higher pH levels. VFA generation by fermentation was significantly affected with temperature and pH control. Temperature change between 10 and 24 degrees C induced a five-fold increase in VFA generation, from 610 mg l(-1) at 10 degrees C to 2950 mg l(-1) at 24 degrees C.     

Dilute acid pretreatment, enzymatic saccharification, and fermentation of rice hulls to ethanol

Rice hulls, a complex lignocellulosic material with high lignin (15.38 +/- 0.2%) and ash (18.71 +/- 0.01%) content, contain 35.62 +/- 0.12% cellulose and 11.96 +/- 0.73% hemicellulose and has the potential to serve as a low-cost feedstock for production of ethanol. Dilute H2SO4 pretreatments at varied temperature (120-190 degrees C) and enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0) were evaluated for conversion of rice hull cellulose and hemicellulose to monomeric sugars. The maximum yield of monomeric sugars from rice hulls (15%, w/v) by dilute H2SO4 (1.0%, v/v) pretreatment and enzymatic saccharification (45 degrees C, pH 5.0, 72 h) using cellulase, beta-glucosidase, xylanase, esterase, and Tween 20 was 287 +/- 3 mg/g (60% yield based on total carbohydrate content). Under this condition, no furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural were produced. The yield of ethanol per L by the mixed sugar utilizing recombinant Escherichia colistrain FBR 5 from rice hull hydrolyzate containing 43.6 +/- 3.0 g fermentable sugars (glucose, 18.2 +/- 1.4 g; xylose, 21.4 +/- 1.1 g; arabinose, 2.4 +/- 0.3 g; galactose, 1.6 +/- 0.2 g) was 18.7 +/- 0.6 g (0.43 +/- 0.02 g/g sugars obtained; 0.13 +/- 0.01 g/g rice hulls) at pH 6.5 and 35 degrees C. Detoxification of the acid- and enzyme-treated rice hull hydrolyzate by overliming (pH 10.5, 90 degrees C, 30 min) reduced the time required for maximum ethanol production (17 +/- 0.2 g from 42.0 +/- 0.7 g sugars per L) by the E. coli strain from 64 to 39 h in the case of separate hydrolysis and fermentation and increased the maximum ethanol yield (per L) from 7.1 +/- 2.3 g in 140 h to 9.1 +/- 0.7 g in 112 h in the case of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.     

Production of 2,3-Butylene Glycol from Citrus Wastes. II. The Bacillus polymyxa Fermentation

The conditions required for production of levo 2,3-butylene glycol by Bacillus polymyxa from citrus molasses were studied. Starter cultures required acclimatization to the substrate prior to inoculation of the fermentation medium. Maximal production of butylene glycol with minimal residual sugar was obtained with a medium consisting of molasses, diluted to 20 degrees Brix, and 0.4% urea. Optimal environmental conditions included aeration at 0.11 volumes of air per volume of medium per minute, maintenance of pH at 6.0 to 6.2, a fermentation temperature of 30 C, and a stirring rate of 420 rev/min. The concentration of butylene glycol obtained in the fermentation beer ranged from 2.3 to 4.4%. The optical rotation of the glycol ranged from [alpha](D) (23 degrees ) = -1.01 degrees to -10.45 degrees . The variation in rotation was probably due to the presence of contaminating substances in the distillate.