cDNA末端快速扩增试剂盒研发进展

DNA扩增的方法有许多种,其中cDNA末端快速扩增（rapid amplification of cDNA ends,RACE）因其操作简单、成功率相对较高、重复性好,被广泛应用于真核生物基因全长的克隆与分析。本文比较了市售的RACE试剂盒所采用的模板制备策略及改进的扩增方法。     

Circular polymerase extension cloning for high-throughput cloning of complex and combinatorial DNA libraries

High-throughput genomics, proteomics and synthetic biology studies require ever more efficient and economical strategies to clone complex DNA libraries or variants of biological modules. In this paper, we provide a protocol for a sequence-independent approach for cloning complex individual or combinatorial DNA libraries, and routine or high-throughput cloning of single or multiple DNA fragments. The strategy, called circular polymerase extension cloning (CPEC), is based on polymerase overlap extension and is therefore free of restriction digestion, ligation or single-stranded homologous recombination. CPEC is highly efficient, accurate and user friendly. Once the inserts and the linear vector have been prepared, the CPEC reaction can be completed in 10 min to 3 h, depending on the complexity of the gene libraries.     

Molecular cloning of growth hormone encoding cDNA of Indian major carps by a modified rapid amplification of cDNA ends strategy

A modified rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategy has been developed for cloning highly conserved cDNA sequences. Using this modified method, the growth hormone (GH) encoding cDNA sequences ofLabeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala andCatla catla have been cloned, characterized and overexpressed inEscherichia coli. These sequences show 96–98% homology to each other and are about 85% homologous to that of common carp. Besides, an attempt has been made for the first time to describe a 3-D model of the fish GH protein.     

Molecular cloning of growth hormone encoding cDNA of Indian major carps by a modified rapid amplification of cDNA ends strategy

A modified rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) strategy has been developed for cloning highly conserved cDNA sequences. Using this modified method, the growth hormone (GH) encoding cDNA sequences ofLabeo rohita, Cirrhina mrigala andCatla catla have been cloned, characterized and overexpressed inEscherichia coli. These sequences show 96–98% homology to each other and are about 85% homologous to that of common carp. Besides, an attempt has been made for the first time to describe a 3-D model of the fish GH protein.     

cDNA cloning and partial sequencing of homeobox genes in Dugesia japonica

In the freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica, four types of cDNAs of homeobox-containing genes have been isolated by screening a cDNA library using a homeobox guessmer. Partial sequencing analysis of two types of cDNAs revealed that one was a homolog of Dth2 which is a homeobox gene in Dugesia tigrina and another was similar to Distal-less gene in Drosophila. This suggests that planarians have many homeobox genes.     

RecA-mediated multistrand formation for cloning PCR products into vectors: simplified process for 5'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends

I have developed a novel rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology that uses multistranded DNA formation mediated by the RecA protein. Multistranded DNA can readily be formed at the terminus of double-stranded DNA by a complementary single-stranded DNA in the presence of RecA and exonuclease I. The possibility of applying this finding to the direct cloning of a 5'-RACE product onto a cDNA fragment, which does not require the use of restriction endonucleases, was explored. The results show that the terminal multistranded structure formed by the RecA-mediated reaction can be applied to RACE systems. Modifications to the RACE protocol to improve the effectiveness of the technique are also suggested.     

Polymerase reaction without primers throughout for the reconstruction of full-length cDNA from products of rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE)

Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) has widely been used to determine both ends of the cDNA from its partial sequence. Conventionally, 5'- and 3'-RACE products were ligated at a restriction site in the overlap region to reconstruct the full-length cDNA; however, reconstruction is difficult if no appropriate restriction enzymes are available. Here, we report a novel method to reconstruct full-length cDNA with DNA polymerase. Instead of usual PCR, chain reactions were avoided and the elongation time was shortened, which enables non-specific products or undesired point mutations to be minimized. We successfully reconstructed and TA-cloned a full-length cDNA of echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4)-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion gene variant 2 from RACE products obtained from a surgically resected lung adenocarcinoma sample. We also evaluated some parameters to provide recommendations for this new method.     

用RACE技术快速扩增五指山猪来源的猪内源性反转录病毒3＇LTR

测定我国小型猪来源的猪内源性反转录病毒(PERV)3'LTR,以便于PERV全基因的克隆和分析。用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,从五指山猪外周血淋巴细胞mRNA中扩增到PERV-3'LTR,并克隆入pGEM-Teasy载体,将阳性克隆进行序列测定和同源性分析。测序结果显示该克隆3'端的尾部有一个由12个A组成的poly(A)信号;其R区与PERV-MSL的R区(约64bp)基本一致,同源性分析表明其与PERV-MSL的3'LTR具有81%的序列同源性。说明成功扩增了我国五指山猪来源的PERV-3'LTR,将有利于PERV全基因的克隆。     

用RACE技术快速扩增五指山猪来源的猪内源性反转录病毒3'LTR

测定我国小型猪来源的猪内源性反转录病毒(PERV)3'LTR,以便于PERV全基因的克隆和分析.用cDNA末端快速扩增(RACE)技术,从五指山猪外周血淋巴细胞mRNA中扩增到PERV-3'LTR,并克隆入pGEM-T easy载体,将阳性克隆进行序列测定和同源性分析.测序结果显示该克隆3'端的尾部有一个由12个A组成的poly(A)信号;其R区与PERV-MSL的R区(约64 bp)基本一致,同源性分析表明其与PERV-MSL的3'LTR具有81%的序列同源性.说明成功扩增了我国五指山猪来源的PERV-3'LTR,将有利于PERV全基因的克隆.     

Oligodeoxyribonucleotide ligation to single-stranded cDNAs: a new tool for cloning 5'' ends of mRNAs and for constructing cDNA libraries by in vitro amplification.

Cloning full length cDNAs is a difficult task especially if mRNAs are not abundant or if tissue is only available in limited amounts. Current strategies are based on in vitro amplification of cDNAs after adding a homopolymeric tail at the 3' end of the ss-cDNA. Since subsequent amplification steps yield unspecific amplified DNA mostly due to non-specific annealing of the reverse primer containing a homopolymeric tail, we have devised a new strategy based on the ligation of single-stranded oligodeoxyribonucleotide to the 3' end of single-stranded cDNAs. The efficiency of the strategy was assessed by analyzing the 5' ends of the rat pineal gland tryptophan hydroxylase messenger. The 5' end of the least abundant messenger (0.005% of total mRNAs) could be cloned without selection. Sixty percent of the analyzed clones correspond to TPH. This technique revealed a 5-nt stretch not apparent using dG tailing strategy. The potentiality of the method for generating cDNAs libraries was tested with 10(4) PC12 cells. In this library, the abundance of tyrosine hydroxylase clones (0.03%) correlated well with the abundance of the corresponding messenger, showing that no major distortion was introduced into the construction of the library.     

Functional cloning vectors for use in directional cDNA cloning using cohesive ends produced with T4 DNA polymerase.

This paper describes the construction of 'Prime' cloning vectors, which include phage lambda and plasmid vectors useful for functional cloning in oocytes, yeast, and mammalian cells, and their use in a 'Prime' cloning system. The system takes advantage of the very active and precise 3' exonuclease activity of T4 DNA polymerase to produce single-stranded (ss) ends (cut-back) of vector and insert DNA. This results in the highly efficient directional cloning of cDNA and PCR-amplified DNA. The system obviates the need to digest insert DNA with a restriction endonuclease to unveil cloning sites, and thus eliminates the chance of internal digestion of the insert DNA. The cloning of PCR-amplified DNA, which is sometimes difficult, is made routine with this system. The 'Prime' sequence is included in vector cloning sites and cDNA and PCR primers. The 'Prime' sequence was chosen so that the ss sticky ends are nonpalindromic and will hybridize only to the appropriate partners. This makes cloning with the 'Prime' system very efficient, because neither the vector nor insert DNA is lost to unproductive self-hybridization.