流苏石斛濒危原因及资源保护

简述珍稀濒危植物流苏石斛的生物学特性及野生资源现状;分析其主要濒危原因有:自身的生长、繁殖特性与特殊生境的限制以及人为破坏等,并提出相应的野生资源保护措施。     

珍稀齿瓣石斛的生物学特性及其野生资源保护

阐述了齿瓣石斛的生物学特性及资源情况。为附生草本植物,主要分布于热带、亚热带温暖湿润地区,高温环境下茎条细长,低温（1℃以下）容易受冻,为冬季落叶型石斛。自然条件下,齿瓣石斛繁殖方式包括有性繁殖和营养繁殖,有性繁殖对环境要求严格,果实种子量大,为明显的“以量取胜”繁殖,是扩大种群分布范围的主要途径;营养繁殖分合轴生长和高芽繁殖,合轴生长形成并壮大株丛,有春秋两个萌芽峰期,而高芽是扦插、压条繁殖的保证。野生资源过度采摘、生境破坏与植树造林、繁殖特性缺陷、人工种植产业发展缓慢、供需矛盾突出等是齿瓣石斛野生资源濒危的主要原因。应制定相关政策,加强野生资源保护,推进齿瓣石斛工厂化育苗,并积极开展种子自然繁殖技术研究,降低种苗培育成本,加快规模化种植产业发展,实现齿瓣石斛资源的可持续利用。     

庐山地区野生珍稀濒危植物资源及保护利用

通过野外调查和查阅相关文献资料, 统计出庐山地区野生珍稀濒危植物有67 种, 隶属38 科59 属, 并对其种类组成、地理成分及利用价值进行初步分析。结果表明: 该区区系地理成分复杂、具有明显亚热带性质, 中国特有属分布最为突出; 且植物具有种类多样、起源古老、孑遗等特征; 这些野生珍稀濒危植物具有重要的经济价值、观赏价值及科研价值, 据此提出了庐山地区野生珍稀濒危植物的保护利用对策。     

广东省国家重点保护野生珍稀濒危植物资源与利用

广东省共有33种受国家重点保护的珍稀濒危植物。文章分析了这些植物资源的基本特点和用途,并就其保护和开发利用进行了探讨。     

新疆14种珍稀濒危植物资源现状及保护

笔者于1998—2001年对分布在新疆境内的14种珍稀濒危植物进行了野外调查,采用线路调查与样方调查的方法查清了这14种珍稀濒危植物的资源量及濒危现状,并提出了相应的保护措施。     

安徽省野生石斛属药用植物资源

目的:研究安徽省野生石斛属药用植物资源。方法:野外调查、标本采集、文献查阅。结果:安徽省野生石斛属药用植物共有3种,全部药用,其中仅分布于大别山区的霍山石斛Dendrobium huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng种群数量最少。结论:加强霍山石斛D.huoshanense C.Z.Tang et S.J.Cheng的野生资源保护和仿野生栽培,为今后合理利用安徽省野生石斛属药用植物资源提供科学依据。     

江西稀有濒危植物资源及其保护

据调查统计,江西自然分布有国家稀有濒危植物７４种,比《中国珍稀濒危植物》记载本省的种类（４８种）增加了２６种,是华东濒危植物资源丰富的省份之一。本文论述了江西稀有濒危植物的地理分布、区系特征及保护现状,它们具有组成丰富、区系复杂、起源古老、成分多特有、分布局限和生态脆弱等特点。在分析稀有植物濒危原因和本省保护区建设情况的基础上,提出了保护稀有濒危植物资源的建议。     

金钗石斛生物碱的组织化学定位研究

利用组织化学定位方法对金钗石斛不同生长年限和不同营养器官的生物碱分布和积累进行比较分析。结果表明,金钗石斛茎生物碱主要分布于基本组织,三年生金钗石斛的生物碱含量高于一年生和二年生金钗石斛。金钗石斛根部生物碱含量同样较多,主要分布于皮层薄壁细胞中;金钗石斛叶片生物碱含量较低,存在于上下表皮细胞中,与铁皮石斛和铜皮石斛完全不同。说明三年生金钗石斛作为最适宜采收期,而且金钗石斛根部具有很好的开发利用价值。金钗石斛叶片表皮细胞中呈现生物碱的原因尚未清楚,需要进一步研究。     

秦巴山区石斛属亲缘关系及金钗石斛遗传多样性ISSR分析

为研究秦巴山区石斛属亲缘关系,利用5条ISSR引物对秦巴地区石斛属植物12个居群的遗传多样性进行了初步探讨。结果表明：（1）UPGMA聚类分析结果显示,金钗石斛（Dendrobium nobile Lindl）、曲茎石斛（D.flexicaule Z. H. Tsi）和细叶石斛（D.hancockii Rolfe）分别聚为三支,在分子水平上出现了明显的分化,揭示三者是独立物种。（2）金钗石斛种下6个居群可明显分为2支,LJ、MT、YP和WF遗传一致度较近聚为一支;YJ和PT遗传高度一致,遗传距离最近聚在一起。（3）金钗石斛种下居群间Neis总基因多样性（H_t）为0.388,基因分化系数(G_st)为0.934,显示金钗石斛居群间存在较高的遗传分化。研究结果揭示了秦巴山区石斛属植物的亲缘关系,从分子水平上为其鉴定提供了依据,并为金钗石斛的资源利用和遗传改良奠定理论基础。     

Alkaloids enriched extract from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. attenuates tau protein hyperphosphorylation and apoptosis induced by lipopolysaccharide in rat brain

Neurofibrillary tangles, one of the characteristic pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), are composed of paired helical filaments mainly with hyperphosphorylated tau protein. Inhibition of the hyperphosphorylation of tau protein is an effective therapy for AD. The current study was designed to investigate the protective effects of alkaloids enriched extract from Dendrobium Nobile Lindl. (EDNLA), a Chinese medicinal herb, on hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in AD brain. Rats were administrated intragastrically with different doses of DNLA (20, 40 mg/kg) every 8 h for one day, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 μg) injecting into the bilateral ventricle. Two hours later, the hippocampi of each group were collected to examine the hyperphosphorylated tau protein by western blotting. Additional rats were treated by EDNLA thrice daily for one week, to examine the effects on LPS-induced apoptosis in the brain. LPS injection significantly increased the expression of hyperphosphorylated tau protein at Ser396, Ser199-202, Ser404, Thr231, Thr205 sites and GSK-3β increased, LPS also induced apoptosis in the brain. EDNLA dramatically ameliorated these abnormal changes (P < 0.05). The present study demonstrated that EDNLA attenuates LPS-induced hyperphosphorylation of tau protein in rat's hippocampus and protects against LPS-induced apoptosis in rat brain.     

Dendrobium nobile Lindl. alkaloids alleviate Mn-induced neurotoxicity via PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy in PC12 cells

Modern pharmacological studies have demonstrated that Dendrobium nobile Lindl. Alkaloids (DNLA), the main active ingredients of Dendrobium nobile, is valuable as an anti-aging and neuroprotective herbal medicine. The present study was designed to determine whether DNLA confers protective function over neurotoxicant manganese (Mn)-induced cytotoxicity and the mechanism involved. Our results showed that pretreatment of PC12 cells with DNLA alleviated cell toxicity induced by Mn and improved mitochondrial respiratory capacity and oxidative status. Mn treatment increased apoptotic cell death along with a marked increase in the protein expression of Bax and a decrease in the expression of Bcl-2 protein, all of which were noticeably reversed by DNLA. Furthermore, DNLA significantly abolished the decrease in protein levels of both PINK1 and Parkin, and mitigated the increased expression of autophagy marker LC3-II and accumulation of p62 caused by Mn. These results demonstrate that DNLA inhibits Mn induced cytotoxicity, which may be mediated through modulating PINK1/Parkin-mediated autophagic flux and improving mitochondrial function.     

金钗石斛生物碱抗糖性白内障作用及蛋白质组学效应的实验研究

为观察金钗石斛生物碱抗糖性自内障作用及其相关蛋白谱.将Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、样品高、低剂量组和阳性对照组,每组10只,模型组腹腔注射D-半乳糖诱导大鼠白内障模型,样品高、低剂量组和阳性对照组在注射D-半乳糖26 d后形成Ⅱ级白内障后每天分别给予0.36、0.18 g/kg金钗石斛总生物碱灌胃进行实验性治疗,阳性对照组每天以0.22 g/kg石斛夜光丸灌胃,正常对照组每天仅灌胃生理盐水;用裂隙灯观察观察晶状体浑浊度;46 d后处死动物后检测晶状体水溶性蛋白、GSH的含量及T-SOD和MDA的活性;使用双向电泳技术提取分离大鼠晶状体总蛋白及糖基化蛋白,分析比较双向电泳图谱,寻找正常组与模型组、生物碱治疗组大鼠晶状体蛋白质组学差异.结果金钗石斛生物碱高剂量组能明显减轻晶状体混浊度,显著升高晶状体水溶性蛋白、GSH含量及T-SOD活性,降低MDA的活性;2-DE获得了较好的大鼠晶状体总蛋白质及糖基化蛋白质的双向电泳图谱,并观察到模型组有大量蛋白质点表达上调或下调或新蛋白,蛋白质糖基化水平升高,给予高剂量石斛生物碱后,大部分达上调或下调蛋白质恢复到正常的水平,糖基化蛋白降低.表明金钗石斛生物碱具有较好的抗糖性白内障作用,并伴随一系列晶状体蛋白质表达水平的改变,其差异蛋白可能参与了晶状体浑浊过程.     

Micropropagation of Dendrobium nobile from shoot tip sections

Successful shoot regeneration of Dendrobium nobile was achieved using thin shoot tip sections and triacontanol (TRIA) for the first time. Protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) or proliferating shoot buds were observed when thin shoot tip sections were cultured on the basal medium of Mitra et at. (Indian J. Exp. Biol. 14 (1976) 350) supplemented with 4.0 microg L(-1) TRIA. The highest percentage of explants (93%) produced PLBs or proliferating shoot buds (21) at 4.0 microg L(-1) TRIA-supplemented basal medium. All the newly formed PLBs or proliferating shoot buds survived and ultimately produced healthy shoots with 2-3 leaves. Shoots produced roots when cultured on basal medium supplemented with 2.0 microg L(-1) TRIA. The well-rooted shoots were transferred to pots containing charcoal chips, coconut husk and broken tiles (2:2:1), and a 92% survival rate was achieved. This work reveals that TRIA can be used as an effective growth regulator in the micropropagation and conservation of D. nobile.     

红曲霉-金钗石斛双向发酵工艺优化

红曲霉(Monascus sp.)代谢产物具有很强的抗氧化性,是天然的抗氧化剂重要来源.金钗石斛是中国传统中药材,具有很多生物活性,结合红曲霉与中草药材双向发酵有望增强其抗氧化能力和改变代谢通路,为探究筛选最佳的金钗石斛-红曲霉发酵条件,提高双向发酵代谢产物的抗氧化活性,采用ABTS法、DPPH法和抗脂质过氧化法三种体...     

金钗石斛研究概况(综述)

本文综述珍贵药用和观赏植物金钗石斛的植物学特征、栽培技术、药材特性、药用有效成分、药理作用及市场前景。