龙蒿的组织培养和快繁

1　植物名称　龙蒿 (Ａｒｔｅｍｉｓｉａｄｒａｃｕｎｃｕｌｕｓ) ,又名狭叶青蒿。2　材料类别　嫩尖、茎段。3　培养条件　芽诱导培养基 :(1 ) 1 /3ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ1 .0ｍｇ·Ｌ- 1 (单位下同 ) ＩＢＡ 0 .2。增殖培养基 :(2 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .5 ＩＢＡ 0 .2 ;(3 )ＭＳ 6 ＢＡ 0 .2 ＩＢＡ 0 .2 ;(4)ＭＳ。生根培养基 :(5 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ 0 .5 ;(6 ) 1 /2ＭＳ ＮＡＡ 0 .5 ;(7) 1 /2ＭＳ ＩＢＡ0 .5 ＮＡＡ 0 .5。以上培养基加入微生物多糖固化剂 4.5 ｇ·Ｌ- 1 ,蔗糖 3 % ,培养温度 (2 5± 2 )℃ ,ｐＨ5 .86 .0 ,光照度 1 5 0 0…     

猪毛蒿精油杀虫的有效成分

生物活性筛选试验表明,菊科植物猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia Waldst. Et Kitag)全草精油具杀虫活性。采用GC-MS方法分析了猪毛蒿精油的化学成分。共检出92个成分,鉴定了其中46个成分。通过柱层析分离出主成分,经各种波谱分析鉴定为1-苯基-2,4-己二炔。活性跟踪结果表明,l-苯基-2,4-己二炔为猪毛蒿精油中的主要杀虫成分。     

天然二氢查尔酮类化合物分布及生物活性研究进展

综述了天然二氢查尔酮在植物中的分布情况及在降血糖、抗肿瘤、保肝等方面的生物活性,为二氢查尔酮类化合物的资源开发和在医药、食品领域的应用提供借鉴。     

昆仑雪菊黄酮类成分研究

采用大孔树脂、ODS RP-18和Sephadex LH-20柱从昆仑雪菊中分离得到7个黄酮类化合物,通过理化性质和波谱学方法鉴定化合物的结构,分别为:异奥卡宁7-O-β-吡喃葡萄糖苷(1)、栎草亭-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(2)、马里苷(3)、奥卡宁(4)、木犀草素(5)、槲皮素(6)、8-羟基黄颜木素(7)。其中化合物2、5、6和7为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

三色马先蒿的化学成分研究

从玄参科三色马先蒿（Pedicularis tricolor）全草的乙醇提取物中分离得到17个化合物,采用波谱方法鉴定了它们的结构。其中化合物1（2,3,5-tirmethoxy-4-hydroxy-xanthone）是一个新的[口山]酮,命名为三色马先蒿酮A（pedicutricone A）;2（8α-hydroxyl-4-carboxyl-5βH,9βH-iridoid-1α-glycoside）是一个新的环烯醚萜苷,命名为三色马先蒿苷A（pedicutricoside A）;化合物3-17为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

二氢杨梅素硬脂酸酯的合成及其抗油脂氧化特性研究

二氢杨梅素是药食两用植物———藤茶中的主体活性成分,具有很好的水溶性抗氧化作用,但其难溶于油的特性限制了其在油脂上的应用。本研究通过对其化学修饰,制备了既能溶于油脂又具有较好抗氧化作用的二氢杨梅素硬脂酸酯。     

不同氮素水平下入侵种豚草与本地种黄花蒿、蒙古蒿的竞争关系

已有研究表明,土壤氮素增加可提高外来植物的入侵性,降低本地植物的竞争力.为揭示全球氮沉降对入侵种与本地种之间竞争关系的影响,我们于2010年5-8月在中国科学院北京森林生态系统定位研究站温室内,采用取代系列实验方法(standard replacement experiment),研究了3个氮素水平下入侵种豚草(Ambrosia artemisiifolia)与本地种黄花蒿(Artemisia annua)、蒙古蒿(Artemisia mongolica)的生长特征及种内、种间竞争关系的变化.实验采用双因素-随机区组设计,设置了低氮、中氮和高氮3个氮素水平,每一氮素水平分别设置豚草和黄花蒿、豚草和蒙古蒿组成的竞争实验,生长90 d后测量株高和生物量.结果表明:单栽情况下,随氮素水平的增加3个物种的株高均增加,而生物量均无显著变化;混栽情况下,3个物种株高和生物量随氮素水平的增加变化各异,豚草呈极显著增加趋势,而黄花蒿无明显变化,蒙古蒿则先增加后减少.豚草的快速生长使其在竞争中处于优势地位,对本地种黄花蒿和蒙古蒿产生明显的竞争效应.但不同氮素水平下,豚草对本地种的竞争力不同:低氮素水平下,豚草＜两个本地种;中氮素水平下,黄花蒿＜豚草＜蒙古蒿;高氮素水平下,豚草＞两个本地种.氮素添加显著提高了豚草的种间竞争力,改变了豚草与本地种之间的竞争关系,使竞争有利于入侵种.据此推测,在全球变化的背景下,氮沉降的增加将会促进外来种豚草的入侵,增加本地群落的可入侵性.     

广西龙血竭中几种化学成分对血小板聚集影响的初步研究

从广西龙血竭的氯仿提取部位中得到3种化合物,经IR、1H NMR 13C NMR、MS等现代波谱技术分别鉴定为3,4'-二羟基-5-甲氧基二苯乙烯、剑叶龙血素A、龙血素B,本研究还观察了上述化合物对健康志愿者血小板聚集的影响,发现均对体外ADP诱导的血小板聚集有一定的抑制作用.     

云南东部中三叠世始鳍龙类—新属种(英文)

根据一保存完整的骨骼(包括头骨、下颌和全部头后骨骼)建立了鳍龙类的一新属新种——利齿滇东龙(Diandongosaurus acutidentatus gen.et sp.nov.)。标本采自云南省罗平县中三叠世安尼期关岭组上段。新属种既具有肿肋龙类(包括Dactylosaurus,Anarosaurus,Serpianosaurus和Neusticosaurus)吻部两侧不收缩、眶前区域长于眶后区域、眼眶大于上颞孔等典型特征,同时又具有幻龙类(包括Simosaurus和nothosaurians)前颌和下颌前部犬齿型齿发育、上颌具1或2个犬齿型齿等典型特征。新种的额骨和顶骨均愈合,额骨两后外侧支的末端后延超过上颞孔前缘,轭骨和鳞骨相交将眶后骨排除于下颞孔之外,方轭骨发育,锁骨前外侧缘具一突起,3对荐肋以及最前部尾肋的外侧端均未见明显收缩。这些特征也多表现出肿肋龙类和幻龙类的混合特征。此外,新种还具有一些较为独特的特征,包括前额骨和后额骨沿眼眶背缘相交,第3至第8对尾肋的长度超过荐肋,后肢末端发育异常膨大的爪趾骨。系统关系分析表明,滇东龙既不是肿肋龙类也不是幻龙类;它可能与由乌蒙龙、幻龙类和传统的肿肋龙类所构成的分支亲缘关系最近,为始鳍龙类基干类群。     

Alkamides from Artemisia dracunculus.

From the aerial parts of Artemisia dracunculus, one known alkamide, pellitorine, two new alkamides neopellitorine A and neopellitorine B, and one known coumarin herniarine were isolated. Structures were elucidated by means of UV, IR, MS, 1H and 13C NMR. These compounds showed insecticidal activity against Sitophilus oryzae and Rhyzopertha dominica at 200 microg/ml concentrations.     

Extraction of Functional Compounds from Tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) by Deep Eutectic Solvents at Different Properties

In this study, it was aimed to examine the capacity of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) with different contents to extract bioactive compounds from tarragon (Artemisia dracunculus L.) plant. For this reason, the total phenolic-flavonoid content, total proanthocyanidin content and antioxidant/antimicrobial activities of the prepared DES extracts were investigated, as well as the individual phenolic and individual amino acid profiles. According to the results, DES10 had the highest efficiency in terms of its capacity to extract individual phenolics (approximately 59 mg/100 g) and individual amino acids (approximately 2500 mg/kg), and also gave a higher yield compared to ethanol (approximately 44 mg/100 g for individual phenolics and about 19810 mg/kg for individual amino acids) and methanol (approximately 58 mg/100 g for individual phenolics and approximately 21430 mg/kg for individual amino acids). However, the total phenolic content, total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity values of DES extracts were determined between 59.09–77.50 mg GAE/100 g, 28.68–45.55 mg GAE/100 g and 42.96–146.86 mg TE/100 g, respectively. Therefore, it can be recommended to use these green solvents, which are known as environmentally friendly, as an alternative to organic solvents in the process of preparing extracts of this important medicinal plant in different areas.     

Melanin Biosynthesis Inhibitors from Tarragon Artemisia dracunculus

The EtOH extract of tarragon Artemisia dracunculus, a perennial herb in the family Asteraceae, was found to potently inhibit α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induced melanin production in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two alkamide compounds, isobutyl (1) and piperidiyl (2) amides of undeca-2E,4E-dien-8,10-dynoic acid. The respective EC₅₀ values for melanin biosynthesis inhibition were 1.8 and 2.3 μg/mL for 1 and 2.     

Screening antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L

The antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Artemisia dracunculus L. were studied. These extracts were tested against nine bacteria and four yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extract of A. dracunculus is more effective against tested microorganisms than chloroform or acetone extracts. The chloroform and acetone extracts were inhibitory only towards Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). While the methanol extract that was diluted with 10 ml distilled water showed inhibition zones against Shigella (RSHI), Listeria monocytogenes ATCC 7644, P. aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), the methanol extract that was diluted with 5 ml distilled water showed inhibition zones against two different strains of Escherichia coli (RSHI, ATCC 25922), Shigella (RSHI), L. monocytogenes (ATCC 7644), and P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The cells of microorganisms treated with plant extracts and normal microorganism cells were observed by scanning electron microscope. It was apparent that cells are damaged after treatment with A. dracunculus.     

Melanin biosynthesis inhibitors from Tarragon Artemisia dracunculus

The EtOH extract of tarragon Artemisia dracunculus, a perennial herb in the family Asteraceae, was found to potently inhibit α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) induced melanin production in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two alkamide compounds, isobutyl (1) and piperidiyl (2) amides of undeca-2E,4E-dien-8,10-dynoic acid. The respective EC(50) values for melanin biosynthesis inhibition were 1.8 and 2.3 μg/mL for 1 and 2.     

Bioassay-guided isolation of aldose reductase inhibitors from Artemisia dracunculus

An ethanolic extract of Artemisia dracunculus L. having antidiabetic activity was examined as a possible aldose reductase (ALR2) inhibitor, a key enzyme involved in diabetic complications. At 3.75 microg/mL, the total extract inhibited ALR2 activity by 40%, while quercitrin, a known ALR2 inhibitor, inhibited its activity by 54%. Bioactivity guided fractionation and isolation of the compounds that inhibit ALR2 activity was carried out with the total ethanolic extract yielding four bioactive compounds with ALR2 inhibitory activity ranging from 58% to 77% at 3.75 microg/mL. Using LC/MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR and 2D NMR spectroscopic analyses, the four compounds were identified as 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, davidigenin, 6-demethoxycapillarisin and 2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone. This is the first report on their isolation from A. dracunculus and the ALR2 inhibitory activity of 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 6-demethoxycapillarisin and 2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone. These results suggest a use of the extract of A. dracunculus for ameliorating diabetic complications.     

野生蔬菜椒蒿的组织培养及植株再生研究

把椒蒿种子接种在MS基本培养基上获得无菌苗,将其生长整齐一致的茎段接入不同激素浓度组合的MS培养基上进行继代增殖培养和生根培养。结果表明,茎段增殖的最佳培养基为MS BA0.1~0.2 mg/L IBA0.02~0.06 mg/L;适宜的生根培养基为MS IBA0.1~2 mg/L或MS NAA0.1 mg/L,生根率可达100%。     

Polyphenolic compounds from Artemisia dracunculus L. inhibit PEPCK gene expression and gluconeogenesis in an H4IIE hepatoma cell line

An ethanolic extract of Russian tarragon, Artemisia dracunculus L., with antihyperglycemic activity in animal models was reported to decrease phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA expression in STZ-induced diabetic rats. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay was developed for the bioactivity-guided purification of the compounds within the extract that decrease PEPCK expression. The assay was based on the inhibition of dexamethasone-stimulated PEPCK upregulation in an H4IIE hepatoma cell line. Two polyphenolic compounds that inhibited PEPCK mRNA levels were isolated and identified as 6-demethoxycapillarisin and 2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone with IC(50) values of 43 and 61 muM, respectively. The phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY-294002 showed that 6-demethoxycapillarisin exerts its effect through the activation of the PI3K pathway, similarly to insulin. The effect of 2',4'-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone is not regulated by PI3K and dependent on activation of AMPK pathway. These results indicate that the isolated compounds may be responsible for much of the glucose-lowering activity of the Artemisia dracunculus extract.     

栽培青蒿中总黄酮提取工艺

利用超声波辅助技术,获得最大限度提取青蒿中总黄酮的新工艺。用正交设计理论,结合分光光度法,优化超声波辅助醇提法提取青蒿总黄酮工艺中的关键技术参数。最佳提取．工艺为：超声波频率59kHz,乙醇体积分数60％,提取时间40min,料液比1：40。超声波辅助提取法能够实现青篙中总黄酮的高效提取,产率达1．497％。