共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 204 毫秒
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红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是一种严重危害农林业生产、生命健康、公共安全和生态环境的国际性重大外来入侵害虫。2004年9月中国大陆首次发现红火蚁,2021年12月该蚁已入侵了12个省区近500个县区。本研究根据中国大陆红火蚁入侵发生县区数量变化,结合潜在适生区域评价信息,建立了红火蚁入侵县区数量与入侵时间长度间关系模型,并对入侵县区数量变化趋势作出长期预测。当中国大陆红火蚁潜在入侵县区数量上限分别为1 400、1 500和1 600个时,入侵县区数量与入侵时间长度关系模型分别为N=1400/(1+e5.4048-0.1784T)、N=1500/(1+e5.4335-0.1757T)和N=1600/(1+e5.464-0.1734T)。基于以上模型的分析结果显示,我国红火蚁快速扩散传播从2009-2010年开始,快速扩张期可能持续26~28年,年平均新增县区41~52个/年,预测2035-2037年入侵县区数量增长速率将开始减缓,2... 相似文献
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红火蚁入侵草坪过程中蚂蚁类群变动趋势 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
观察研究了红火蚁入侵草坪之后蚂蚁群落结构的变动趋势。对各处理区在不同时期的蚂蚁优势种进行了分析,结果表明,与对照区相比红火蚁入侵后各处理区的蚂蚁优势种发生了明显改变,红火蚁替代了原来的优势蚂蚁种类,并在数量上占主导地位,而且各处理区的蚂蚁类群多样性、均匀度降低,优势度明显增大。通过分析红火蚁入侵过程中各处理区的蚂蚁类群相似性,表明轻度发生区与对照区的蚂蚁类群相似性系数q一直处在0.25-0.50之间,为中等不相似;中度发生区与对照区的蚂蚁类群相似性系数q一直处在0.075-0.444之间,为中等不相似或极不相似;重度发生区与对照区的蚂蚁类群相似性系数q一直处在0.0-0.222之间,为极不相似,这也说明了不同的红火蚁危害程度对本地蚂蚁类群结构的影响是不同的,红火蚁种群数量越大,对本地蚂蚁类群的影响也越大,排挤或取代它们所需要的时间也越短。 相似文献
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《昆虫知识》2015,(6)
【目的】重大入侵害虫红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren广泛分布传播于世界各地,为了掌握红火蚁在新入侵地的传播和扩散的规律,对红火蚁入侵史进行溯源,以期为预防红火蚁入侵提供重要依据。【方法】本文对福建省各地入侵红火蚁的基本入侵参数进行分析,分别对入侵时间与蚁巢数量、蚁巢发生密度以及不同生境蚁巢密度进行模型拟合。【结果】结果表明,入侵方式和入侵地生境的差异导致了入侵红火蚁不同种群的发展状态。由废旧资源携带传入的入侵红火蚁种群,其发生面积较小,扩散的速率较慢,为28.1~116.4 m/年;由草皮苗木携带传入的入侵红火蚁种群,其发生面积较大,扩散的速率较快,为126.1~555.5 m/年。【结论】建立了蚁巢数量、密度与入侵时间之间的关系模型,分别为N=1 003.9Ln(t)+336.27,D=0.0966e~(0.583t),并以此推测三个入侵事件的发生时间范围。 相似文献
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入侵中国大陆的红火蚁的鉴定及发生为害调查 总被引:76,自引:5,他引:76
根据形态特征鉴定结果首次证实红火蚁SolenopsisinvictaBuren入侵中国大陆 ,并调查了广东省吴川市红火蚁发生为害情况。调查结果表明 ,发生区内部分地点红火蚁发生密度较高 ,主要发生于较稳定的生态环境中 ,如荒坡、草地、长满杂草的田埂等。红火蚁已对当地农业生产、人们的身体健康、日常生活等造成了不利影响。此外 ,Cytb基因序列分析结果表明 ,采自美国佛罗里达和广东吴川的红火蚁与采自广东 4个地方的热带火蚁S .geminata (Fabr.)两物种间有 61个变异位点 ,种内变异为 0。限制性酶切多态实验 (RFLP)的结果显示 ,BamHI酶在红火蚁的特异扩增片段中有一个识别位点 ,而在热带火蚁中无酶切位点 ;MspI酶在热带火蚁的扩增片段中也有一个识别位点 ,而在红火蚁中无识别位点。有酶切位点的扩增产物在酶切后分别获得近 2 0 0bp与 2 5 0bp的片段各一带。因此 ,用PCR RFLP的方法可以简单快速地鉴别红火蚁和热带火蚁。 相似文献
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【目的】发现-支配权衡(discovery-dominance trade off)在物种间的竞争起着重要作用。本研究旨在了解不同强度的红火蚁Solenopsis invicta入侵对本地蚂蚁群落物种的发现-支配权衡的影响,从而探讨红火蚁与本地蚂蚁的竞争机制。【方法】于2017年10-11月,在云南省楚雄州牟定县的一滇橄榄种植基地利用诱饵法和陷阱法结合的方式引诱和收集蚂蚁,观察并记录常见蚂蚁种类的发现能力、招募能力、支配能力、最早发现诱饵的时间段及个体数。【结果】红火蚁的入侵显著影响了本地蚂蚁群落物种的发现-支配权衡。强入侵区(5.6个活动蚁巢/100 m2)蚂蚁群落中物种的相对发现能力和相对支配能力不存在相关性;弱入侵区(0.14个活动蚁巢/100 m2)蚂蚁群落中两者存在较弱的负相关性,但不显著;对照区(无蚁巢)中两者存在显著负相关性(强入侵区:r=-0.01,P=0.97;弱入侵区:r=-0.60,P=0.21;对照区:r=-0.81,P=0.04)。强入侵区的红火蚁种群普遍在5 min之内就能发现诱饵,而弱入侵区的种群需要10~60 ... 相似文献
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入侵我国红火蚁的三种单倍型 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是重要的经济害虫,特别是在农业和生态系统危害方面。2004年底在广东和香港的部分地区发现红火蚁入侵。本文用线粒体细胞色素氧化酶Ⅰ(CO Ⅰ)基因对境内的13个种群进行了入侵蚁巢是否独立传入进行了分析。通过对共计28个蚁巢56个体的包含904个碱基的CO Ⅰ基因分析,发现入侵中国的红火蚁中存在3种单倍型。基于未修正的配对序列变异分析表明,单倍型Ⅱ与单倍型Ⅲ之间的变异最小。而香港种群同时具有这三种单倍型,是入侵中国的红火蚁种群中多样性最丰富的地区。这三种单倍型都分别在阿根廷红火蚁种群中有记录。同源性分析显示,中国的红火蚁可能起源于阿根廷或南美洲,而香港可能是所研究种群的第一入侵地点。 相似文献
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[背景]红火蚁与棉花粉蚧入侵到同一地区,因侵入生境重叠而相遇,进而产生互惠关系。这种互惠关系对红火蚁、棉花粉蚧的生存、扩散传播、入侵的意义和作用规律、机制等是需要解释的生态学问题。[方法]采用田问试验生态学的方法,通过迁移红火蚁蚁巢、向扶桑上接粉蚧等观察研究了红火蚁入侵对棉花粉蚧近距离扩散的影响。[结果]随着离蚁巢距离的增大,扶桑上工蚁数量逐渐减少,距离为1.0、2.0m时数量较多;发生该蚁区域距蚁巢2.0、3.0m扶桑感染粉蚧比率(75%、45%)显著高于无红火蚁区(25%、10%),其感染比率与工蚁数量呈显著正相关,符合方程Y=0.0042X+0.1992。[结论与意义]红火蚁入侵促进了棉花粉蚧的近距离扩散,扩散范围在2—3m。研究结果可为深入了解红火蚁与棉花粉蚧协同入侵规律等提供支持。 相似文献
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红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是极具危害性的入侵生物,已在我国多个省份地区扩散成灾。近年来,国内外在红火蚁觅食行为领域取得了一系列研究进展,为红火蚁防控提供了新的思路与方法。本文回顾了红火蚁觅食行为的相关研究,综述了红火蚁觅食的过程、行为机制及影响因素,并分析了觅食行为与防治的联系。红火蚁可广泛地采集和利用不同类型、大小和成分的食物。其觅食过程分为食物搜寻、搬运与处理等阶段,在这一过程中也可能伴随着食物埋藏、铺路越障和工具利用等行为。目前已报道多种跟踪信息素和关键基因可以调控红火蚁的觅食行为。此外,多种生物和非生物因素也会影响红火蚁的觅食行为和策略。基于红火蚁特殊的觅食行为模式,有望开发出专一性更强、对非靶标生物安全的监测和防控技术。建议在今后的研究中进一步探索红火蚁觅食行为的模式及其分子和化学机制,更好地将理论研究与防治实践相结合,控制红火蚁疫情蔓延危害。 相似文献
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Males in polygyne populations of Solenopsis invicta are primarily sterile diploids and thought to not express the Gp-9 gene coding for a pheromone-binding protein affecting complex social behavior. We examined an aspect of the breeding system hitherto not considered--male Gp-9 genotypes in relation to sperm stored in queens. Four sites with varying frequencies of sympatric monogyne and polygyne colonies were sampled, including sexuals, workers, and broods from four colonies. Most queens were heterozygotes storing B sperm. Although predicted to be common, only 14 of 504 males were B or BB genotypes, suggesting strong selection. Increased frequency of polygyne colonies at each site paralleled increases in queens with b sperm (1.9-32.8%) and of noninseminated queens. The presence of both B and b sperm in 1.9-18.9% of queens, genotype profiles of colonies, and genotypes of offspring from individual queens suggest some frequency of multiple mating. The bb genotype, rather than an obligate, developmental lethal, was present in some queens and common in alates, workers, and brood. Selective mortality of sexuals may affect multiple aspects of the breeding system, including female-mediated dispersal, mating success, and gene flow. 相似文献
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The red imported fire ant Solenopsis invicta is the most destructive invading arthropod in the southern United States, yet little is known about its genome complexity and organization. Here we report the size, organization and GC content of S. invicta genome. DNA reassociation kinetics using S1 nuclease assay and a modified second-order kinetics model indicated that the S. invicta genome is approximately 0.62 picograms or 5.91 x 10(8) base pairs, composed of 36% unique, 41% moderately repetitive and 23% highly repetitive/foldback sequences. Comparison of the reassociation kinetics of short and long DNA fragments revealed that the sequence arrangement follows a pattern of short period interspersion, as in most organisms with relatively large genomes. Melting-temperature analysis showed that the GC content of the fire ant genomic DNA is 34.8%, similar to that of most eukaryotic organisms. The results reveal that the fire ant genome is much larger and more complex than those of a number of hymenopteran insects studied to date. Our study provides a foundation for further analysis and genetic manipulation of the S. invicta genome. 相似文献
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Stringer LD Suckling DM Baird D Vander Meer RK Christian SJ Lester PJ 《Environmental entomology》2011,40(5):1276-1284
Cost-effective detection of invasive ant colonies before establishment in new ranges is imperative for the protection of national borders and reducing their global impact. We examined the sampling efficiency of food-baits and pitfall traps (baited and nonbaited) in detecting isolated red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta Buren) nests in multiple environments in Gainesville, FL. Fire ants demonstrated a significantly higher preference for a mixed protein food type (hotdog or ground meat combined with sweet peanut butter) than for the sugar or water baits offered. Foraging distance success was a function of colony size, detection trap used, and surveillance duration. Colony gyne number did not influence detection success. Workers from small nests (0- to 15-cm mound diameter) traveled no >3 m to a food source, whereas large colonies (>30-cm mound diameter) traveled up to 17 m. Baited pitfall traps performed best at detecting incipient ant colonies followed by nonbaited pitfall traps then food baits, whereas food baits performed well when trying to detect large colonies. These results were used to create an interactive model in Microsoft Excel, whereby surveillance managers can alter trap type, density, and duration parameters to estimate the probability of detecting specified or unknown S. invicta colony sizes. This model will support decision makers who need to balance the sampling cost and risk of failure to detect fire ant colonies. 相似文献
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JIAN CHEN 《Insect Science》2007,14(1):1-4
Advancement has recently been made on the techniques for separating and maintaining colonies of red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren. A new brood rescue method significantly improved the efficiency in separating colony from mound soil. Furthermore, a new method was developed to separate brood from the colony using fire ant repellants. Finally, a cost-effective method was developed to coat containers with diluted Fluon (AGC Chemicals America, Inc, Moorestown, NJ, USA), an aqueous polytetrafluoroethylene, to prevent housed ants from escaping a container. Usually the original Fluon solution is directly applied to the wall of the containers. Reduced concentrations of Fhion were found to be equally effective in preventing ant escape. The use of diluted Fluon solutions to coat the containers was recommended because of environmental and cost-saving benefits. Application of these new techniques can significantly reduce labor, cost and environmental contamination. This review paper collates all the new techniques in one reference which readers can use as a manual. 相似文献
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红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是一种严重的入侵物种,工蚁具有很强的攻击性,活动迅速,给采样带来了一定的困难.本文设计了红火蚁工蚁的定量采集装置、诱饵上工蚁的活体分装与计数装置以及工蚁的分级装置,并提供了制作和使用方法.这些装置及方法可为红火蚁的室内研究工作提供安全可靠的实验方法. 相似文献