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1.
红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是危险性极高、危害性极大的外来入侵生物,被我国列为进境植物检疫性有害生物和全国农业植物检疫性有害生物。自2005年在广西首次发现入侵以来,红火蚁已对当地的人畜健康、农林生产、生态环境、公共设施等方面构成了严重威胁,并呈现扩散速度加快、疫情发生加重的趋势。本文总结了近年来广西红火蚁的发生扩散现状、防控措施研究进展及工作举措,分析了红火蚁防控中存在的主要问题,并根据实际情况提出防控对策建议,以期为广西的红火蚁防控工作提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
重大危险性入侵害虫红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren在云南已发生10年了,本文基于2013年12月至2022年6月云南省植保植检站统计报表统计数据,分析了红火蚁在云南的分布情况、发生现状,总结了防控成效及存在的主要问题,并对解决这些问题提出了一些建议,以期对云南省红火蚁的防控提供参考。  相似文献   

3.
红火蚁入侵对棉花粉蚧近距离扩散的促进作用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
[背景]红火蚁与棉花粉蚧入侵到同一地区,因侵入生境重叠而相遇,进而产生互惠关系。这种互惠关系对红火蚁、棉花粉蚧的生存、扩散传播、入侵的意义和作用规律、机制等是需要解释的生态学问题。[方法]采用田问试验生态学的方法,通过迁移红火蚁蚁巢、向扶桑上接粉蚧等观察研究了红火蚁入侵对棉花粉蚧近距离扩散的影响。[结果]随着离蚁巢距离的增大,扶桑上工蚁数量逐渐减少,距离为1.0、2.0m时数量较多;发生该蚁区域距蚁巢2.0、3.0m扶桑感染粉蚧比率(75%、45%)显著高于无红火蚁区(25%、10%),其感染比率与工蚁数量呈显著正相关,符合方程Y=0.0042X+0.1992。[结论与意义]红火蚁入侵促进了棉花粉蚧的近距离扩散,扩散范围在2—3m。研究结果可为深入了解红火蚁与棉花粉蚧协同入侵规律等提供支持。  相似文献   

4.
经过一年来的野外试验,结果表明红火蚁克星对红火蚁具有显著的控制效果.施药后4d,红火蚁全巢死亡率达83.33~92.31%,施药后7~10 d全巢死亡.施药后90d和180d监测结果表明,诱测点在6个月内未出现新的蚁巢.  相似文献   

5.
【目的】重大入侵害虫红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren广泛分布传播于世界各地,为了掌握红火蚁在新入侵地的传播和扩散的规律,对红火蚁入侵史进行溯源,以期为预防红火蚁入侵提供重要依据。【方法】本文对福建省各地入侵红火蚁的基本入侵参数进行分析,分别对入侵时间与蚁巢数量、蚁巢发生密度以及不同生境蚁巢密度进行模型拟合。【结果】结果表明,入侵方式和入侵地生境的差异导致了入侵红火蚁不同种群的发展状态。由废旧资源携带传入的入侵红火蚁种群,其发生面积较小,扩散的速率较慢,为28.1~116.4 m/年;由草皮苗木携带传入的入侵红火蚁种群,其发生面积较大,扩散的速率较快,为126.1~555.5 m/年。【结论】建立了蚁巢数量、密度与入侵时间之间的关系模型,分别为N=1 003.9Ln(t)+336.27,D=0.0966e~(0.583t),并以此推测三个入侵事件的发生时间范围。  相似文献   

6.
2003年9月中国台湾、2004年9月大陆相继被发现国际重大危险性外来入侵害虫红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren发生为害。为有效防控该蚁的入侵、扩张与成灾,在过去的19年里我国各级政府部门、科研院所、企事业单位、社会组织等均投入了大量人力物力,组织、开展了卓有成效的科技研发与技术推广应用工作。基于广泛收集分析已有资料,本文总结了自发现红火蚁入侵危害以来我国科技研发/支撑机构/组织建立、科技人才培养、科研课题立项、研究领域及进展、科技成果产出、科学技术普及等总体情况,认为所构建的科技支撑体系在我国阻截与控制红火蚁工作中发挥了重要作用。  相似文献   

7.
红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren有翅生殖蚁飞行距离和高度有限,故飞行中有可能受到某些景观因素阻挡而扩散受阻,但对此尚未见相关报道。本研究选择浙江23个红火蚁发生点,模拟了因受河流、林地、坡地、建筑物等阻挡扩散区蚁巢密度下降幅度与阻挡物长度、宽度、高度的关系。结果表明,蚁巢密度下降比例与阻挡物长度和扩散源头区长度两者之比值呈显著S型曲线关系,与阻挡物宽度呈显著对数曲线关系,但与阻挡物高度无显著关系。当阻挡物与扩散源头区长比达到0.8时,阻挡作用即明显增强,达到2.0时阻挡效果即较为显著;当阻挡物宽度不足50 m时,阻挡效果25%~100%不等,但达到100 m以上时阻挡作用相当明显。所得结果可增进对红火蚁扩散规律的认识,对监测和防控工作具一定指导价值。  相似文献   

8.
本文对广东口岸自2005年至2007年截获的红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren进行了分析,表明广东口岸近年来红火蚁截获批次逐年增加,其传带货物来源的国家和地区多、种类复杂,检疫查验形势严峻。提出了以加强来自疫区高风险货物的检疫质量、扩大口岸进境货物的检疫范围、建立口岸监测体系以及提高检疫除害处理的检疫监管措施。  相似文献   

9.
红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是一种国际重大外来入侵生物,严重危害农林生产、生命健康、公共安全和生态环境。本研究在室内条件下测定了小卷蛾斯氏线虫Steinernema carpocapsae All品系、长尾斯氏线虫S. longicaudum X-7品系和芫菁夜蛾斯氏线虫S. feltiae SN品系对红火蚁的致病力,并筛选出高致病力品系及其对红火蚁的田间防控效果。结果表明,不同昆虫病原线虫对红火蚁不同虫态的致病力存在显著差异。3种线虫对红火蚁幼虫具有较高的致病力,处理3 d后,幼虫的累计校正致死率均为100%。3种线虫对工蚁的致病力均较弱,处理10 d后的校正死亡率均小于30%。与芫菁夜蛾斯氏线虫SN品系相比,长尾斯氏线虫X-7品系和小卷蛾斯氏线虫All品系对蛹和生殖蚁具有较强的致病能力,10 d后累计校正死亡率均达到90%以上。田间试验表明,施用小卷蛾斯氏线虫All品系对红火蚁工蚁的防控效果最高可达63.7%,且不会增加红火蚁的迁巢风险。综上所述,小卷蛾斯氏线虫All品系和长尾斯氏线虫X-7品系为红火蚁的高致病品系,田间施用小卷蛾斯氏线虫All品系对红火蚁工蚁具有显著的控制作用,可推荐用于红火蚁的生物防治。  相似文献   

10.
严防危险性害虫红火蚁入侵   总被引:40,自引:5,他引:40  
张润志  任立  刘宁 《昆虫知识》2005,42(1):6-10,F004
原产南美洲的红火蚁SolenopsisinvictaBuren,先后入侵美国和澳洲,最近又入侵中国台湾,对人类健康和环境安全构成重大威胁。该文介绍了红火蚁的形态特征、与近源种的形态区别、生物学特性、入侵特性、危害以及预防、控制等方面的知识,最后提出我国大陆需要高度警惕,严防红火蚁入侵。  相似文献   

11.
红火蚁对我国一些生物潜在影响的初步分析   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2  
通过分析国际上对红火蚁影响生境中其他生物的研究成果,认为红火蚁主要通过以下3种方式危害其他生物:(1)攻击、捕食刚孵化的地栖性卵生动物个体,或者以群体力量捕食昆虫幼虫、成虫等;(2)竞争有限的食物资源,导致其他物种因为缺乏足够食物供给而种群数量减少甚至灭绝;(3)通过叮咬而使得某些动物存活率降低,改变生境,甚至弃巢外逃,或者因为受攻击活动量加大而增加被捕食的几率。同时初步分析在《国家重点保护野生动物名录》中列举的379种野生动物名录中,有22种鸟类(占9.6%)、1种两栖类(占14%)、所有的18种爬行类(占100%)可能因为红火蚁的入侵导致种群数量下降甚至灭绝。  相似文献   

12.
红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是极具危害性的入侵生物,已在我国多个省份地区扩散成灾。近年来,国内外在红火蚁觅食行为领域取得了一系列研究进展,为红火蚁防控提供了新的思路与方法。本文回顾了红火蚁觅食行为的相关研究,综述了红火蚁觅食的过程、行为机制及影响因素,并分析了觅食行为与防治的联系。红火蚁可广泛地采集和利用不同类型、大小和成分的食物。其觅食过程分为食物搜寻、搬运与处理等阶段,在这一过程中也可能伴随着食物埋藏、铺路越障和工具利用等行为。目前已报道多种跟踪信息素和关键基因可以调控红火蚁的觅食行为。此外,多种生物和非生物因素也会影响红火蚁的觅食行为和策略。基于红火蚁特殊的觅食行为模式,有望开发出专一性更强、对非靶标生物安全的监测和防控技术。建议在今后的研究中进一步探索红火蚁觅食行为的模式及其分子和化学机制,更好地将理论研究与防治实践相结合,控制红火蚁疫情蔓延危害。  相似文献   

13.
电场对红火蚁工蚁聚集的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为了研究电刺激对红火蚁聚集的影响,本研究通过改变电压、电线裸露程度及电线间距,测定了在不同电场强度下红火蚁工蚁的聚集程度和行为反应。结果表明在不同电压(1.5 V、3 V、6 V)、两根裸露电线不同间距(2 mm、4 mm)条件下,电压6 V、电线间距为2 mm时对红火蚁的吸引效果最强,电线上聚集工蚁最多达59.2头;强电场(电压36 V,电线间距分别为2 mm、4 mm)条件下,电压36 V、电线间距2 mm时电线上聚集工蚁最多达75头;另外,电线裸露程度也显著影响电场对红火蚁的吸引作用。在模拟设备电压(36 V)条件下红火蚁接受电刺激后产生明显的行为反应,表现为身体不断颤抖,在电线周围继续寻找电刺激。  相似文献   

14.
红火蚁Solenopsis invicta Buren是国际上一种重要危险性入侵害虫,已经入侵我国多年,并对我国社会多个方面造成危害和威胁。调查和明确红火蚁的分布、发生和危害是做好科学防控的基础和前提。本研究明确了大(体长:5~6 mm)、中(3~4 mm)、小(2~2.5 mm)3类不同体型工蚁在死亡和活体状态下同一体积时的重量和数量差异性及相关性。在此基础上建立了拟合2种状态下3类体型工蚁的体积、重量和数量间关系的系列幂模型,其中大、中、小体型活工蚁的体积与重量之间关系模型分别为Y=0.2066X^1.09265、Y=0.2179X^1.2362、Y=0.1725X^1.0897,死亡工蚁的体积与重量之间关系模型分别为Y=0.2003X^1.2226、Y=0.0876X^1.3038、Y=0.1491X^1.2041;大、中、小体型活工蚁的体积与数量之间关系模型分别为Y=41.7252X^1.5681、Y=27.9203X^1.7075、Y=181.7866X^1.0187,死亡工蚁的体积与数量之间关系模型分别为Y=115.8781X^1.1245、Y=460.1223X^1.0039、Y=433.0574X^0.9595;大、中、小体型活工蚁和死亡工蚁的重量与数量之间关系模型分别为Y=390.6213X1.4699、Y=219.6564X^1.4133、Y=942.2587X^0.9267、Y=524.3954X^0.8803、Y=3005.7651X^0.7571、Y=1984.2138X^0.7818;并依据以上各个模型,计算、制作了2种状态3类体型时依据体积估测重量和数量,依据重量估测数量的分级表。  相似文献   

15.
    
Management of imported fire ant species has evolved since their accidental introduction into the United States and currently uses integrated pest management concepts to design, implement, and evaluate suppression programs. Although eradication is the management goal in certain isolated infestation sites, localized goals vary dramatically in larger infestations where reinvasion of treated areas is likely. These goals are influenced by regulatory policies, medical liabilities, ecological impact, and/or economic considerations. Tactics employed in fire ant management programs presented here include cultural and biological control options along with judicious use of site‐specific insecticide products. In addition, program design considerations that include management goal(s), action level(s), ant form (monogyne or polygyne), presence of nontarget ant species, size of treatment area, seasonality, implementation cost, and environmental impact are also presented. Optimally, elegant IPM programs are target specific, threshold driven, environmentally friendly and cost‐effective.  相似文献   

16.
Abstract 1. The imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren (red), S. richteri Forel (black), and their hybrids (S. invicta × S. richteri) are sympatric congeners with overlapping but shifting spatial distributions in northern Alabama and Mississippi, United States. 2. The abilities of workers of the three ant forms (or species) to recognise non‐nestmate conspecifics and heterospecifics were compared in separate aggression bioassays using three group sizes of competitor numbers (battles): 1‐1, 5‐1, and 5‐5 resident–intruder battles. 3. Workers of all three forms showed significant aggression toward non‐nestmate conspecifics and heterospecifics. The results of the intra‐specific aggression bioassays showed that S. invicta had the lowest aggression threshold, whereas S. richteri was the least aggressive. Survival rates 1 day after intra‐specific encounters were higher for S. richteri than for S. invicta or hybrids, consistent with its lower aggressiveness. 4. In inter‐specific interactions, S. invicta workers showed the greatest aggression and were more aggressive towards S. richteri than to hybrids. Furthermore, survival 1 day after inter‐specific encounters was highest for S. invicta workers, whether they were the intruders or residents. The hybrid form was intermediate between both parental forms in aggression and post‐aggression survival. 5. The live 1‐1 and 5‐5 battles produced similar and consistent results, but differences were amplified in the 5‐5 battles, suggesting an effect of group size on aggression. These results may explain the observed shifts in the spatial distributions of the three forms and range restriction of S. richteri in southern United States.  相似文献   

17.
    
Aggressive red imported fire ants (RIFAs) are expanding their habitat due to active international trade and global warming. To prevent infestation and settlement, RIFAs must be removed during the quarantine process. Because RIFAs are social insects and have different morphological characteristics depending on their castes, non‐ant taxonomists have difficulty confirming RIFAs based on their morphological characteristics alone. The disadvantages of previously reported RIFA molecular diagnostics are that they require additional steps, such as restriction enzyme digestion followed by agarose gel electrophoresis separation or DNA sequence verification for polymerase chain reaction (PCR)‐amplified products. To overcome these drawbacks, two RIFA‐specific genes were selected and used to develop diverse PCR‐based RIFA molecular diagnostic techniques. We found that RIFAs could be confirmed by conventional PCR targeting of two RIFA‐specific genes followed by agarose electrophoresis separation. In addition, TaqMan probe real‐time PCR methods had the advantage of confirming RIFAs immediately after the reactions were completed by observing fluorescence indexes. Finally, multiplex PCRs enhanced RIFA specificity and sensitivity. The new molecular diagnostic methods developed in this study had the advantages of reducing false positive and negative results together with high specificity and sensitivity for RIFAs.  相似文献   

18.
Abstract  The red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta , a damaging invasive pest, was discovered in February 2001 in Brisbane, Australia at two sites, Fisherman Islands and suburban Richlands-Wacol. Using four microsatellite loci and the protein marker Gp-9 , we compared the two infestations with each other, and with potential source populations in North and South America to better understand the history of their introduction to Brisbane. Based on an analysis of molecular variance, as well as a maximum likelihood tree of colonies from the two Australian sites, we found that the two sites were genetically distinct and were almost certainly introduced separately. All of the colonies at Fisherman Islands were monogynous, headed by a single queen, while the Richlands-Wacol site had a mixture of single-queen monogynous and multiple-queen polygynous colonies. However, the monogynous and polygynous colonies at the Richlands-Wacol site were not genetically distinct from each other, and probably constitute a single, mixed introduction. Based on allele frequencies at the microsatellite loci, and Gp-9 , both Australian infestations were more similar to North American populations than to South American, though the Fisherman Islands infestation was intermediate, making it difficult to assign. Thus, there has been one introduction from either a North or South American monogynous population at Fisherman Islands, and one introduction from a mixed monogynous/polygynous North American population at Richlands-Wacol. These findings have implications for the control of the current infestations, as well as for the quarantine regulations necessary to prevent additional introductions to Australia.  相似文献   

19.
    
Red imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, are generalist predators that can have major impacts on foliar arthropod communities in agricultural systems; however, their effects as predators at the soil surface have not been adequately characterized. We examined the contribution of fire ants to predation at the soil surface and in cotton foliage at two sites and over the course of two field seasons in Georgia, using egg masses of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. To assess interactions between fire ants and other arthropod species, we also measured the densities of edaphic predators and honeydew‐producing hemipterans at both sites. The sites occurred in different growing regions (Piedmont and Coastal Plain), and allowed us to characterize the importance of fire ants as predators under different climatic and soil conditions. Fire ant suppression decreased egg predation at both field sites, and predation by fire ants at the soil surface was equal to if not greater than that in cotton foliage. However, the impact of fire ants on predation varied between sites, likely due to differences in climate and the composition and activity of the extant arthropod communities. Our study also indicates that fire ant suppression is associated with decreases in the density of honeydew‐producing insects, and increasing abundance of whiteflies on the plants coincided with a decrease in egg predation at the soil surface. This finding suggests the mutualism between ants and whiteflies may lead to a shift in predation intensity from edaphic towards plant‐based food webs.  相似文献   

20.
    
《Journal of Asia》2021,24(4):969-974
The interception of exotic ants and termites from stone and lumber imported into Korea is on the rise, including Solenopsis invicta. Currently, a relatively long exposure (24 h) of methyl bromide (MB) fumigation is the only practical disinfestation option for exotic ants and termites on imported stone and lumber. In this study, ethyl formate (EF) wase evaluated as a potential MB alternative to disinfest ants and termites in imported lumber, with a focus on S. invicta. As S. invicta is not established in Korea, we first determined whether Reticulitermes speratus, established in Korea, could be considered as an EF surrogate of S. invicta. From 1 h EF fumigation trials, workers of S. invicta were more sensitive to EF than those of R. speratus based on lethal concentration × time causing 99% mortality (LCt99%), supporting that R. speratus can be used as an EF surrogate of S. invicta. When R. speratus workers were further fumigated with EF for 4 h at four different temperatures, LCt99% values for R. speratus workers were 108.00, 63.31, 77.24, and 67.24 g h/m3 at 2, 5, 13, and 23 °C, respectively. From scale-up (0.65 m3) and commercial scale (76.4 m3) trials containing two infestation-prone lumber species, lauan (Shorea spp.) and acacia (Acacia spp.), 140 g/m3 EF at >5 °C for 4 h resulted in the complete control of R. speratus workers, suggesting that 140 g/m3 4 h-EF-fumigation may be applicable as a potential MB-alternative treatment for disinfestation of invasive S. invicta on imported lumber.  相似文献   

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