Guanine plus cytosine contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids of some sulfate-reducing bacteria: a reassessment

Guanine plus cytosine (GC) contents of the deoxyribonucleic acids of Desulfovibrio and Desulfotomaculum have been used as a basis for classification. Some of these data have been incorrectly calculated, resulting in errors of as much as 5% GC. This situation has been corrected by a reanalysis of existing data and by the contribution of new data.     

Applications of the method of molecular rotation differences in structural and stereochemical problems in triterpenes

The specific rotation data of some triterpenoid alcohols and their simple functional derivatives have been correlated by the Barton and Jones method of molecular rotation differences (MRD). Cases in the literature in which the recorded specific rotation data are erroneous have been indicated for possible correction.     

Determination of the number of tissue compatibility genes in the carp using the transplantation test in the third generation of induced gynogenesis

Transplantations have been carried out of anal fin in carp individual progeny of the third consecutive generation of induced gynogenesis. The part of grafts accepted made 19.4 +/- 5.0% (71 transplantations have been carried out). With the data obtained, an approximate quantity of histocompatible genes has been determined in carp which amounted to 32. Calculation has been done on the basis of the assumption that the part of histocompatible genes being in homozygous state in the given progeny equals the inbreeding coefficient of this progeny. Inbreeding coefficients have been calculated using experimental data of other authors.     

The impact of taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference: a review of two decades of controversy

Over the past two decades, there has been a long-standing debate about the impact of taxon sampling on phylogenetic inference. Studies have been based on both real and simulated data sets, within actual and theoretical contexts, and using different inference methods, to study the impact of taxon sampling. In some cases, conflicting conclusions have been drawn for the same data set. The main questions explored in studies to date have been about the effects of using sparse data, adding new taxa, including more characters from genome sequences and using different (or concatenated) locus regions. These questions can be reduced to more fundamental ones about the assessment of data quality and the design guidelines of taxon sampling in phylogenetic inference experiments. This review summarizes progress to date in understanding the impact of taxon sampling on the accuracy of phylogenetic analysis.     

Anti-oxidant system of blood plasma]

Recent data available in literature and the author's data about the state of the antioxidant protection of the blood plasma have been generalized. The role of superoxide dismutase as the basic compound of the antioxidant system is discussed. The character of individual macromolecules (transferrin, ceruloplasmin, albumin) which have shown nonenzymatic specific antioxidant properties is presented. Possible mechanisms of biological activity of some antioxidants have been examined.     

Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference technique for estimation of light penetration in reservoirs

An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference technique has been adopted to estimate light levels in a reservoir. The data were collected randomly from Doğanci Dam Reservoir over a number of years. The input data set is a matrix with vectors of time, depth, sampling location, and incident solar radiation. The output data set is a vector representing light measured at various depths. Randomization and logarithmic transformations have been applied as preprocessing. One-half of the data have been utilized for training; testing and validation steps utilized one-fourth each. An adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) has been built as a prediction model for light penetration. Very high correlation values between predictions and real values on light measurements with relatively low root mean square error values have been obtained for training, test, and validation data sets. Elimination of the overtraining problem was ensured by satisfying close root mean square error values for all sets.     

Primate terminal complement inhibitor homologues of human CD59

The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the GenBank nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession numbers L22862 (African green monkey CD59) and L22863 (baboon CD59)     

Sequence and diversity of rat T-cell receptor Tcra V8 gene segments

The nucleotide sequence data reported in this paper have been submitted to the EMBL nucleotide sequence database and have been assigned the accession numbers X80509 (8.2) - X80514 (8.7)     

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林原锥栗-厚壳桂-荷木群落演替

在对 2 0 0 0 m2 永久样地进行 5次调查的基础上 ,研究了鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林锥栗 -厚壳桂 -荷木群落在 2 0 a演替过程中的物种组成结构和物种多样性的动态变化 ,对影响该群落演替的因素进行了分析 ,并对未来演替趋势作了探讨。结果表明 :(1)群落个体数呈现类似“W”型动态变化。(2 )在 2 0 a的演替中 ,黄果厚壳桂在群落乔木层消失 ,厚壳桂种群数量下降了 98.2 1% ,都丧失了原来的优势地位 ,樟科植物的个体数减少了 95 .35 % ;锥栗和荷木个体数都随着演替的进展在减少 ,正逐步走向衰亡 ;因此 2 0 0 2年的群落应更名为锥栗 -云南银柴 -荷木群落。 (3)群落中的阳生性树种的重要值在 18.87～ 2 7.73之间波动 ,在 2 0 0 2年达到最大。 (4 )群落物种组成结构差异随演替时间的增加在逐渐增大 ,但总体变幅较小。 (5 )群落的物种丰富度有小的起伏 ;SW指数在 3.390 4～ 3.5 72 4范围内呈现类似于群落个体数的变化格局 ,在 2 0 0 2年到达最大 ;均匀度在 0 .6 175～ 0 .6 5 4 0范围内表现与 SW指数相似的动态变化 ;生态优势度介于 0 .1837～ 0 .2 4 77之间 ,但变化趋势与 SW指数、均匀度相反。总体上看 ,群落物种组成结构、物种多样性都波动不大 ,群落仍维持相对稳定。(6 )影响群落演替并使之产生波动的主要因素是     

A Study of Second Order Approximation of Some Ratio Type Strategies

For estimating the mean of a finite population using information on an auxiliary variable, the conventional ratio strategies and strategies due to Srivastava (1967), Reddy (1973), Gupta (1978), Sahai (1979) and Adhvaryu-Gupta (1983) have been studied. Asymptotic expressions for the second order approximations of biases and mean square errors of these strategies have been obtained. The suitability of these strategies have been discussed with the help of live data.     

生物多样性数据论文发表趋势分析

近年来有关科学数据共享的呼声越来越高, 基于同行评审的生物多样性数据论文也受到越来越多的关注, 并出现了一些专门发表数据论文的数据期刊。本文总结了近年来生物多样性数据发表方面的进展, 选择两本代表性数据期刊(Biodiversity Data Journal和Scientific Data), 分析了它们自创刊以来的发文数量、涉及生物类群、文章浏览量和被引次数等指标。结果显示两本数据期刊的发文量都呈稳步增长趋势, 其生物多样性数据论文覆盖了包括动物界、植物界、真菌界在内的众多生物类群, 文章浏览量和被引次数方面也有可喜的表现, 说明数据论文正在被越来越多的研究者所接受。对文章作者国别的分析则显示了不同地区的研究者在发表生物多样性数据论文或数据共享方面的不均衡。建议相关领域的中国研究者和期刊关注生物多样性数据论文和数据共享政策, 更多地践行数据共享。     

Determination of protein secondary structure from circular dichroism spectra. III. Protein-derived base spectra of circular dichroism for antiparallel and parallel beta-structures

Protein-derived basic CD spectra for alpha-helix, antiparallel and parallel beta-structures, beta-bends and irregular form of proteins have been determined from the experimental CD spectra of six (myoglobin, lysozyme, ribonuclease A, papain, lactate dehydrogenase, subtilisin BPN') or seven (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase added) reference proteins and the analysis of the X-ray data. The secondary structures of thirteen proteins (seven reference and six additional ones) have been analysed using the basic CD spectra thus obtained. The data obtained have been compared with the results of the X-ray data analysis. It is shown that the accuracy of determination of the beta-structure and beta-bends contents using our basic CD spectra is about 2-3 times better than using the basic spectra reported by Chang et al. (Analyt. Biochem. 91, 13-31, 1978).     

Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic studies of benzamidine-inhibited trypsin from the North Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Crystals of benzamidine-inhibited trypsin from the North Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) have been grown from ammonium sulphate solution at pH 5.0. Two crystal forms suitable for X-ray structure analysis, obtained from a hanging-drop experiment, have been characterized. Both belong to space-group P22(1)2(1) with cell dimensions a = 39.2 A, b = 62.4 A, c = 84.6 A and a = 31.4 A, b = 74.8 A, c = 83.5 A, for forms I and II, respectively. Intensity data to 1.82 A have been collected for crystal form I on a CAD4 diffractometer, and initial phases have been obtained by molecular replacement methods. The conventional R-factor after two rounds of model building and subsequent refinement is 0.25 for data between 6.0 and 2.0 A. So far no water molecules have been included in the model.     

Ecological characteristics of scale-bearing Chrysophyceae from The Netherlands

In 1979 50 sampling localities in the south-eastern part of The Netherlands have been sampled once, twice or thrice. The scale-bearing Chrysophyceae have been identified and their abundancies have been estimated. Determinations of pH, alkalinity and water temperature have been done, and the relation between the occurrence of the taxa and these environmental factors was studied. Cluster analysis (TWINSPAN) was used to detect groups of co-occurring taxa. The ordination of these taxa (DECORANA) showed that the first principal component was the pH and the second principal component was the water temperature. Although very few environmental data could be used, these results indicate the importance of the pH (and alkalinity) of fresh waters in the occurrence of the scale-bearing Chrysophyceae, whereas their quantitative development is greatly dependent on the water temperature. Experimental data are needed to test this hypothesis.     

Filtering noise for synchronised activity in multi-trial electrophysiology data using Wiener and Kalman filters

Novel approaches to effectively reduce noise in data recorded from multi-trial physiology experiments have been investigated using two-dimensional filtering methods, adaptive Wiener filtering and reduced update Kalman filtering. Test data based on signal and noise model consisting of different conditions of signal components mixed with noise have been considered with filtering effects evaluated using analysis of frequency coherence and of time-dependent coherence. Various situations that may affect the filtering results have been explored and reveal that Wiener and Kalman filtering can considerably improve the coherence values between two channels of multi-trial data and suppress uncorrelated components. We have extended our approach to experimental data: multi-electrode array (MEA) local field potential (LFPs) recordings from the inferotemporal cortex of sheep and LFP vs. electromyogram (LFP-EMG) recording data during resting tremor in Parkinson’s disease patients. Finally general procedures for implementation of these filtering techniques are described.     

Results and prognosis after highly selective vagotomy in the light of the mathematical theory of approximate sets]

Information system for 122 patients with peptic ulcer, who underwent highly selective vagotomy within 5 and 13 years earlier has been analysed with the use of technique based on the approximate sets theory. Cause-effect relationship between data describing the analysed patients before surgery and remote result of therapy (expressed in a 4-score Visick's scale) have been sought. Using a technique of the approximate sets, information system has been described from 11 to 5 significant and necessary preoperative data most closely related with the result of therapy. Models of the typical representatives of results classes have been constructed with the use of a/m data. Then, a decision algorithm has been made. Such an algorithm represents cause-effect relationship between significant data and the result of treatment. Models and decision algorithm for the favourable results of the treatment (I and II class in Visick's scale) constituted a base for the verification of indications to the highly selective vagotomy and construction of data base for computer-assisted system of the treatment of peptic ulcers with the highly selective vagotomy.     

Evolutionary reorganizations of ontogenesis in ascidians of the genus Molgula

The data on comparative, experimental, and molecular embryology of ascidians (genus Molgula) published during the last 15 years have been reviewed. Some representatives of this genus evolved from development with a tailed larva (tadpole) to direct development associated with the loss of larval structures, such as tail, notochord, sensory organs, and differentiated muscles. The data on evolutionary reorganizations of ontogenesis in ascidians of the genus Molgula have been compared with those in sea urchins, anuran amphibians, and some other organisms.