肺炎克雷伯菌的分布特点耐药性分析

目的分析2010年至2012年房县人民医院患者肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药特点,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法对2010年至2012年该院各类感染患者标本中分离获得的肺炎克雷伯菌,采用纸片扩散法（K—B法）检测抗菌药物的敏感性,产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）检测采用ESBLs表型筛选与确证试验,并用WHONET5．3软件对药敏结果进行统计分析。结果3年分离的肺炎克雷伯菌共计248株,分离出产ESBLs菌株102株,其对亚胺培南、美洛培南无耐药,对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、哌拉西林／三唑巴坦、阿米卡星和头孢替坦的耐药率较低,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均较高。结论肺炎克雷伯菌对多种抗菌药物均具有较高的耐药性,临床上治疗该菌感染时应根据药敏与ESBLs检测结果选择抗菌药物。     

肺炎克雷伯菌院内感染特点及其耐药性分析

目的:探讨肺炎克雷伯菌院内感染分布特点和耐药情况,并指导临床合理选择抗菌药物。方法:对128例肺炎克雷伯菌感染者的临床资料及药敏试验结果进行分析。结果:肺炎克雷伯菌院内感染者平均年龄68.5岁,其中>60岁92例(71.9%);临床送检标本中痰液(54.69%)、尿液(24.22%)、血液(9.38%)标本分离菌株数多,发生肺炎克雷伯菌感染的科室主要分布于ICU(28.91 %)、呼吸消化科(19.53%)、血液内分泌科(14.06%)、干部病房(11.72%);产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)菌株40.62%;除亚胺培南和美罗培南外,所有受试菌株对其余抗菌药物均有不同程度的耐药,产ESBLs菌株对所测试的抗菌药物耐药率明显高于非产ESBLs株;49.72%的产ESBLs菌株呈多重耐药性。结论:初步了解了肺炎克雷伯菌院内感染特点,其耐药现象较严重,ESBLs检出率较高,多重耐药现象突出。临床应重视监测肺炎克雷伯菌流行情况,合理使用抗菌药物。     

ICU病房产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌的监测和耐药性分析

了解产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性,为临床合理使用抗菌药物提供依据。采用自动化细菌鉴定仪(法国生物梅里埃公司Vitek-2和BD Phonenix 100)进行细菌鉴定和药敏试验,应用WHO-NET5.4软件进行耐药性分析。ICU病房共分离出100株肺炎克雷伯菌,其中产ESBLs株48株,占48%,药敏结果显示产ESBLs菌株的耐药率普遍高于不产ESBLs株,产ESBLs株对氨苄西林、头孢呋辛、头孢唑啉等全部耐药,对头孢曲松、头孢噻肟的耐药率也大于80%,对氨基糖苷类的庆大霉素、四环素,对喹诺酮类的环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星以及磺胺类中的复方新诺明耐药率较高(均大于55%),对哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、阿米卡星、头孢西丁等耐药率较低,对亚胺培南、美洛培南高度敏感。产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌耐药现象严重,及时监测产ESBLs菌的发生率及其耐药趋势,为临床合理应用抗菌药物,延缓细菌耐药性的产生,控制医院感染具有重要意义。     

产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株的分布及药敏试验结果分析

目的：了解我院产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌株的分布和耐药情况。方法：用Kirby—Bauer法检测了136株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶的大肠埃希菌和肺炎克雷伯菌对10种抗生素耐药性并对其标本来源和病区分布进行了分析。结果：检出ESBLs最多的标本是呼吸道分泌物(43．4％),检出ESBLs最多的科室是普外科(22．8％)。136株产ESBLs菌株对亚胺培南和美洛培南的敏感率高达100％,对多数抗生素的敏感率低于50％。结论：呼吸道分泌物和普外科是ESBLs的主要来源。治疗产ESBLs菌株引起的感染的首选药物为亚胺培南和美洛培南。产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌对药物的敏感性普遍低于产ESBLs大肠埃希菌。     

非产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯杆菌的耐药性分析

目的了解临床分离肺炎克雷伯杆菌中非产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）菌株对18种常见抗菌药物的耐药性。方法CLSI表型确证试验-纸片增强法检测非产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌,K-B法测定非产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯杆菌对18种常见抗菌药物的敏感性。结果非产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯杆菌株对头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛的耐药率〉50．0％,对其余抗生素的耐药率均低于25．0％,对亚胺培南、美罗培南非常敏感,耐药率分别为2．3％和2．0％;痰标本的分离株对头孢唑啉、头孢呋辛的耐药率明显高于血、尿液标本分离株,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论非产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯杆菌对第一、二代头孢菌素耐药显著,对第三代头孢菌素、亚胺培南、美罗培南等抗生素比较敏感。     

新生儿医院感染产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌流行状况及耐药性分析

目的了解新生儿医院感染中产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）细菌流行状况及耐药性,为预防和控制感染提供依据。方法对2011年1月至2013年12月间新生儿医院感染病原菌分布及耐药性进行回顾性分析;用VITEK-2 Compact微生物鉴定系统鉴定菌种和药敏试验。结果共检出病原菌192株,105株为肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌,占54.7%;检出产ESBLs菌58株,全部来自肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌;产ESBLs菌对青霉素类、头孢菌素类、单内酰环类抗菌药物高度耐药,耐药率〉80.0%,对头孢哌酮/舒巴坦、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦耐药率较低,耐药率〈20.0%,未检测到亚胺培南和美罗培南耐药株。结论产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌和大肠埃希菌是新生儿医院感染中主要的病原菌,且对常用抗菌药物耐药率较高,临床应加强病原菌的耐药性监测,合理使用抗菌药物。     

肺炎克雷伯菌致肺癌患者术后肺部感染的病因与耐药性分析

目的探讨肺癌术后并发肺炎克雷伯菌肺部感染的病因和耐药情况,为术后肺炎克雷伯菌感染的预防和治疗提供病原学依据。方法收集2011年1月1日至2014年6月30日本院肺癌术后合并肺部感染患者下呼吸道标本,常规分离培养肺炎克雷伯菌,K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,利用WHONET 5.6软件分析处理试验数据。结果从肺癌术后患者下呼吸道分离的肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs高,达68.1%;对头孢替坦、阿米卡星、亚胺培南和美罗培南都较敏感,耐药率分别为6.0%、21.4%、18.1%和20.9%,其余抗菌药物的耐药率均30.0%。结论肺癌术后并发肺炎克雷伯菌肺部感染耐药率高,对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物仍保持高度敏感性,临床应加强耐药性监测,并根据药敏试验结果合理选用抗菌药物。     

肺炎克雷伯菌β-内酰胺酶检测及耐药性分析

目的 了解肺炎克雷伯菌临床分离株产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)、头孢菌素酶(AmpC)、金属酶(MBLs)、碳青霉烯酶(KPC)情况,并分析其对19种常见抗菌药物的耐药性.方法 ESBLs和AmpC及MBLs采用三维试验检测,碳青霉烯酶采用改良Hodge试验进行检测,并以K-B法测定19种常见抗菌药物的耐药性.结果 582株肺炎克雷伯菌单产ESBLs 168株,检出率为28.86％;单产AmpC52株,检出率为8.93％;单产KPC 38株,检出率为6.53％;所有菌株中未检出MBLs;同产ESBLs及AmpC43株,检出率为7.39％;同产ESBLs及KPC 12株,检出率为2.06％,同产AmpC及KPC 10株,检出率为1.72％,未发现同产ESBLs、AmpC及KPC 3种酶菌株.单产ESBLs、单产AmpC、同产ESBLs+ AmpC肺炎克雷伯菌分离株对亚胺培南、美罗培南培南的耐药率低于3.0％,与非产酶菌株相比,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);对其余抗生素的耐药率均明显高于非产酶菌株(P＜0.01).另外,同产ESBLs+ AmpC肺炎克雷伯菌分离株与单产ESBLs、单产AmpC株相比,对头孢他啶、头孢噻肟、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、左氧氟沙星和复方新诺明等多种抗生素表现为明显升高(P＜0.01或P＜0.05).单产碳青霉烯酶株、同产ESBLs及KPC、同产AmpC及KPC菌株对多粘菌素B的耐药率为28.94％～33.33％,其余抗生素的耐药率均高于50.0％;单产KPC株与非产酶菌株相比,对所有抗生素的耐药率均明显升高(P＜0.01).结论 肺炎克雷伯菌分离株产生多种β-内酰胺酶,且对常用抗生素呈高度耐药,建议临床医师合理使用抗生素,以免耐药菌株的产生.     

致ICU和非ICU患者下呼吸道感染肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性分析

摘要：目的 分析致ICU与非ICU患者下呼吸道感染肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性差异,为临床科学选用抗菌药物,有效控制感染提供科学依据。方法 对2012年1月至2014年12月从临床下呼吸道标本中分离的肺炎克雷伯菌582株进行比较分析,常规方法分离培养肺炎克雷伯菌,采用K-B纸片法进行药敏试验,利用WHONET 5.6软件分析处理实验数据。结果 检测菌株582株,其中ICU分离208株,占35.7%,非ICU分离374株,占64.3%;从ICU中分离出的肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药率除头孢替坦外明显高于非ICU,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两者对氨苄西林、头孢唑林、头孢呋辛的耐药率都较高,均＞40.0%,对头孢替坦、阿米卡星、亚胺培南、美罗培南都较敏感,耐药率＜25.0%;产ESBLs率ICU和非ICU分别为70.7%和40.4%,两者差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 从ICU中分离的肺炎克雷伯菌产ESBLs率高,且对18种抗菌药物耐药率明显高于非ICU,应用抗菌药物治疗该菌感染时,必须依据药敏试验结果,临床应加强对肺炎克雷伯菌的耐药性监测,了解其耐药趋势,减少耐药菌株的产生。     

连续12年产超广谱β-内酰胺酶肺炎克雷伯菌感染分布及耐药性分析

目的了解产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（ESBLs）肺炎克雷伯菌（KPN）的临床分布及耐药性,为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。方法用常规方法,结合法国梅里埃公司的自动化细菌鉴定分析仪分离鉴定细菌;用K-B纸片扩散法进行药敏试验;用双纸片协同筛选法和酶抑制剂增强纸片法检测ESBLs。对中国医科大学附属盛京医院1999年1月至2010年12月期间临床分离的产ESBLs和非产ESBLs KPN菌株的临床分布及其耐药趋势进行回顾性分析。结果 KPN的ESBLs检出率分别从1999年的19.82%上升至2010年的49.34%;KPN主要分离于痰占52.4%,其次是血液占17.74%,主要来源于外科病区和新生儿病区;产ESBLs菌和非产ESBLs菌对阿米卡星、左氧氟沙星等非β-内酰胺酶类抗菌药物的耐药率均显著增高,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,对亚胺培南和美罗培南都保持高度敏感,耐药率均低于2%。结论 12年间ESBLs检出率总体呈上升趋势,产ESBLs肺炎克雷伯菌表达对包括非β-内酰胺类在内的抗菌药物多重耐药,对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物仍保持高度敏感性。     

Whole-genome sequence of Klebsiella pneumonia strain LCT-KP214

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, nonmotile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultative anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines. Here we present the fine-draft genome sequence of K. pneumoniae strain LCT-KP214, which originated from K. pneumoniae strain CGMCC 1.1736.     

Magnetic resonance imaging of Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia in mice

In vivo imaging of small animals is a rapidly developing field. However, the potential of global imaging of infectious processes in animal models remains poorly explored. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to follow the development and regression of inflammatory lesions caused by infection by Klebsiella pneumoniae in mouse lungs. A virulent strain caused an intense inflammation within 2 days in the whole lungs, while an avirulent strain did not show significant changes. Mice infected with the virulent strain and subsequently treated with antibiotics presented a severe inflammation localized mainly in the left lung that disappeared after a week. The lesions observed by MRI correlated with the damage seen by histological analysis and a 3D representation of the tissue allowed better visualization of the development and healing of inflammatory lesions. MRI thus represents a powerful technique to study in vivo the interactions between a pathogen and its host in real time.     

血液中肺炎克雷伯菌碳青霉烯类耐药危险因素的调查

目的探讨血液中分离的肺炎克雷伯菌耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的危险因素,为临床治疗提供理论依据。方法回顾性收集2009年6月至2012年12月期间血液中分离出肺炎克雷伯菌的住院患者的临床资料,采用病例对照研究,单因素分析和多因素Logistic回归分析血液感染肺炎克雷伯菌耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的危险因素。结果泌尿道插管、血型(A型)、使用氨基糖苷类及抗真菌类抗菌药物是血液感染肺炎克雷伯菌耐碳青霉烯类抗菌药物的独立危险因素。结论临床治疗过程中,需要特别注意的环节是:泌尿道插管;氨基糖苷类和抗真菌类抗菌药物的合理使用。     

Modulation of respiratory dendritic cells during Klebsiella pneumonia infection

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a leading cause of severe hospital-acquired respiratory tract infections and death but little is known regarding the modulation of respiratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets. Plasmacytoid DC (pDC) are specialized type 1 interferon producing cells and considered to be classical mediators of antiviral immunity.

Method

By using multiparameter flow cytometry analysis we have analysed the modulation of respiratory DC subsets after intratracheal Klebsiella pneumonia infection.

Results

Data indicate that pDCs and MoDC were markedly elevated in the post acute pneumonia phase when compared to mock-infected controls. Analysis of draining mediastinal lymph nodes revealed a rapid increase of activated CD103⁺ DC, CD11b⁺ DC and MoDC within 48 h post infection. Lung pDC identification during bacterial pneumonia was confirmed by extended phenotyping for 120G8, mPDCA-1 and Siglec-H expression and by demonstration of high Interferon-alpha producing capacity after cell sorting. Cytokine expression analysis of ex vivo-sorted respiratory DC subpopulations from infected animals revealed elevated Interferon-alpha in pDC, elevated IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-13 in CD103⁺ DC and IL-19 and IL-12p35 in CD11b⁺ DC subsets in comparison to CD11c⁺ MHC-class II^low cells indicating distinct functional roles. Antigen-specific naive CD4⁺ T cell stimulatory capacity of purified respiratory DC subsets was analysed in a model system with purified ovalbumin T cell receptor transgenic naive CD4⁺ responder T cells and respiratory DC subsets, pulsed with ovalbumin and matured with Klebsiella pneumoniae lysate. CD103⁺ DC and CD11b⁺ DC subsets represented the most potent naive CD4⁺ T helper cell activators.

Conclusion

These results provide novel insight into the activation of respiratory DC subsets during Klebsiella pneumonia infection. The detection of increased respiratory pDC numbers in bacterial pneumonia may indicate possible novel pDC functions with respect to lung repair and regeneration.     

Klebsiella pneumonia with pneumatocele formation in a newborn infant

The case of a premature infant with bacteriologically proved klebsiella pneumonia in the first week of life is reported. The clinical course was complicated by the early formation of pneumatoceles and subsequent recurrent pneumothoraces. Treatment consisted of antibiotic therapy and chest tube drainage. Satisfactory clinical recovery, growth and psychomotor development were noted at 1 year of age, despite the persistence of a pneumatocele in the right lung.     

肺炎克雷伯菌产碳青霉烯酶特性与耐药趋势研究

目的探讨临床分离的耐碳青霉烯类肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenem-resistant,CRKP)的耐药机制及耐药趋势,为抗感染治疗提供依据。方法收集2008-2013年分离的CRKP 178株,分别运用VITEK-2 Compact全自动细菌分析仪和K-B纸片法检测菌株对药物的敏感性,改良Hodge试验确定是否产碳青霉烯酶以及EDTA抑制试验确定是否产金属酶,用PCR扩增和基因测序技术检测耐药基因。结果临床分离出肺炎克雷伯菌(Klebsiella pneumonia,Kpn)中CRKP的比例从2008年0.1%升至2013年2.2%,呈明显上升趋势;药敏结果显示,其对碳青霉烯类高度耐药外,对头孢曲松、氨曲南、环丙沙星等多种抗菌药物呈现出多重耐药;改良Hodge试验阳性170株(阳性率为95.5%);EDTA双纸片协同试验阳性1株(阳性率为0.6%)。PCR共检出150株携带KPC-2酶基因(blaKPC-2),阳性率为84.3%(150/178),1株肺炎克雷伯菌同时携带blaKPC-2和blaIMP-4,占0.6%(1/178)。结论台州医院分离的CRKP比例逐年升高,对多种抗菌药物高度耐药,产KPC-2型碳青霉烯酶是分离菌株对碳青霉烯类抗菌药物耐药主要原因。     

Scale-up of micro-aerobic 1,3-propanediol production with Klebsiella pneumonia CGMCC 1.6366

The conversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) using Klebsiella pneumoniae CGMCC 1.6366 under aerobic condition was scaled up from scale 5 to 50,000 l in series. Several parameters including power input P/V_l, agitation rate n, impeller tip speed nD, superficial gas velocity u_s, and Re_s were investigated as the criteria for scaling up. Impeller tip speed was chosen as the main criterion. It was also noticed less aeration was favored in that less electron will be shunted to electron transfer chain. The fermentation in 500 l bioreactor produced 66.8 g 1,3-PD with the yield of 0.55 mol mol^?1 at agitation rate and aeration of 130 rpm and 0.14 vvm air flow. Using these empirically obtained control concepts we successfully scaled up in 500–50,000 l pilot-scale reactors. The final 1,3-PD concentrations in 50,000 l bioreactor amounted to 63.3 g l^?1 with the yield of 0.5 mol mol^?1.     

Massive pulmonary gangrene: a severe complication of Klebsiella pneumonia.

Summary: Massive pulmonary gangrene developed in two patients. Review of the literature reveals 10 other case reports of pulmonary gangrene complicating lobar pneumonia. Among the total of 12 patients whose cases have now been reported, all 4 patients who were treated nonsurgically died and the 8 who underwent surgical resection of the gangrenous lung survived. The present report emphasizes the necessity of early recognition and appropriate surgical treatment for a successful outcome.