Lupin-seed meal (Lupinus angustifolius cv. Uniwhite) as a protein supplement to barley-based diets for growing pigs

The apparent digestibility coefficients of the energy and nitrogen of diets containing lupin-seed meal (LSM) were similar to those of diets containing fish meal, despite the comparatively high fibre content of the former.In pigs of 25–85 kg, barley-based diets containing LSM as the sole protein concentrate supported similar rates of gain and efficiency of gain as those containing mixtures of LSM and either fish meal or meat and bone meal, and at least as fast and efficient gains as those containing fish meal or meat and bone meal alone as the source of supplementary protein. However, they depressed dressing percentage. Pigs growing from 12 to 25 kg on barley diets in which up to 45% of the supplementary lysine was supplied in the form of LSM grew as well as those given diets containing various mixtures of dried blood, fish meal and skim-milk powder.     

Effects of intracellular trehalose content on Streptomyces griseus spores.

The disaccharide trehalose is accumulated as a storage product by spores of Streptomyces griseus. Growth on media containing excess glucose yielded spores containing up to 25% of their dry weight as trehalose. Spores containing as little as 1% of their dry weight as trehalose were obtained during growth on media containing a limiting amount of glucose. Spores containing low levels of trehalose accumulated this sugar when incubated with glucose. The increase in trehalose content coincided with increases in spore refractility, heat resistance, desiccation resistance, and the time required for spore germination in complex media. Trehalose is accumulated by a wide variety of actinomycetes and related bacteria and may be partially responsible for their resistance properties.     

Lippia dulcis shoot cultures as a source of the sweet sesquiterpene hernandulcin

The axenic shoot culture of Lippia dulcis Trev., Verbenaceae, was established on hormone-free Murashige-Skoog solid medium containing 3% sucrose. Shoots were cultured in various liquid or solid media. Woody Plant liquid medium was best for shoot multiplication, but the production of hernandulcin was relatively low. The highest hernandulcin content (2.9% dry wt) was obtained after 28 days of culture on Murashige-Skoog solid medium containing 2% sucrose. The addition of chitosan to the culture media enhanced the growth of shoots as well as the production of hernandulcin, especially with the liquid medium.Abbreviations MS(2%) Murashige-Skoog medium containing 2 % sucrose - MS(3%) Murashige-Skoog medium containing 3 % sucrose - 1/2MS half strength Murashige-Skoog medium containing 2% sucrose - B5 Gamborg B5 medium containing 2% sucrose - WP Woody Plant medium containing 2% sucrose     

Enzymatic production of l-phenylalanine from acetamidocinnamic acid: breeding of an acetamidocinnamate amidohydrolase-hyperproducing mutant

To increase the productivity of l-phenylalanine from acetamidocinnamic acid, we screened bacteria containing high acetamidocinnamate amidohydrolase activity, and strain S-5 containing high activity was isolated from soil. The bacteria were identified as Corynebacterium sp. S-5.When strain S-5 was cultured in a medium containing acetamidocinnamic acid as the sole carbon source or enzyme inducer, the formation of acetamidocinnamate amidohydrolase was observed. This was controlled by catabolite repression. When the strain was cultured in a medium containing glucose and acetamidocinnamic acid as the sole nitrogen source, it showed low acetamidocinnamate amidohydrolase activity and an increased doubling time.To obtain acetamidocinnamate amidohydrolase-hyperproducing strain, we enriched cells growing faster than strain S-5 in a medium containing glucose and acetamidocinnamic acid by continuous culture of mutagenized cells. Mutant C-23 had 12-fold the enzyme production and 3-fold the growth rate of the wild-type strain in a medium containing glucose. Acetamidocinnamate amidohydrolase formation in the mutant did not require acetamidocinnamic acid as enzyme inducer and was resistant to catabolite repression.     

Model of fibronectin tertiary structure based on studies of interactions between fragments

Human plasma fibronectin aggregates in solution and is thought to form fibrils on cell surfaces, perhaps by self-associating and by interacting with other components such as proteoglycans. We have localized the self-association domains by testing the ability of various fragments of fibronectin to interact with each other. Complexation between fluorescamine-labeled fragments and unlabeled fragments or whole molecules was assessed by gel filtration high-performance liquid chromatography. The fragments studied included nonoverlapping fragments that are situated on the fibronectin polypeptide chain in the following order, beginning from the amino terminus: the 29-, 50-, 120-, 35-, and 25-kDa fragments, as well as multiple-domain fragments of 72 kDa containing the 29- and 50-kDa segments, a fragment of 150 kDa containing the 120- and 35-kDa segment, a fragment of 190 kDa containing the 120- and 35-kDa segments, a fragment of 190 kDa containing the 50-, 150-, and 25-kDa segments, and a 45-kDa fragment containing the 35-kDa segment. The amino-terminal 29-kDa fragment bound to the carboxyl-terminal heparin-binding (Hep II) 35-kDa fragment as well as the 150- and 190-kDa fragments that contain the 35-kDa segment. On the other hand, carboxyl-terminal 35- and 45-kDa Hep II containing fragments bound to each other as well as to amino-terminal 29- and 72-kDa fragments and to the 190-kDa fragment. Further, the 25-kDa carboxyl-terminal fibrin-binding fragment bound the 190-kDa fragment, the only fragment containing the 25-kDa segment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Streptococcal tetracycline resistance mediated at the level of protein synthesis.

The mechanism of tetracycline resistance was examined in strains containing each of the three previously identified resistance determinants in Streptococcus spp. Uptake of tetracycline was measured in tetracycline-sensitive cells as well as in cells containing each of the three resistance determinants. In cells containing tetL, uptake was not observed. However, in sensitive cells and cells containing either tetM or tetN, tetracycline was accumulated approximately 25-fold against a concentration gradient. Furthermore, there was no evidence for modification of intracellular tetracycline recovered from sensitive, tetM, or tetN cells. Protein synthesis in extracts derived from organisms containing tetM or tetN was resistant to tetracycline. In contrast, extracts of sensitive and tetL cells were sensitive to tetracycline.     

Correlation between tyrosine hydroxylase activity and catecholamine concentration or turnover in brain regions.

Tyrosine hydroxylase activity correlated significantly with norepinephrine concentration and turnover, when results from regions containing predominantly noradrenergic terminals were compared, and with dopamine concentration and turnover when results from regions containing predominantly dopaminergic terminals were compared. Regions containing dopamine or norepinephrine cell bodies were characterized by higher tyrosine hydroxylase activities as compared to regions containing mostly nerve terminals. Higher levels of tyrosine hydroxylase activity and transmitter turnover were observed in regions containing dopaminergic terminals than in regions containing norepinephrine terminals. These findings are consistent with the view that tyrosine hydroxylase activity is linked to rates of catecholamine utilization by neurons in the CNS.     

Effects of the addition of laminaran on β-glucosidase production by Trichoderma viride

β-Glucosidase production by Trichoderma viride WU-36B was studied in media containing laminaran. By the addition of laminaran to the medium containing glycerol as a carbon source, extracellular activities of β-glucosidase and β-1,3-glucanase increased but CMCase activity was not detected during whole culture period. Extracellular activities of β-glucosidase, CMCase, and β-1,3-gluconase were higher in the medium containing both avicel and laminaran than in the media containing avicel or laminaran as a sole carbon source.     

An unusual accumulation of repetitive sequences in the rat genome

We have found in the rat genomic DNA a fragment 1300 bp long, containing an unusual concentration of members of different repetitive families. Three different repeats were noticed. An Alu-like repeat, homologous to the mouse B1 sequence, was followed by a fragment containing alternating purine-pyrimidine bases as in Z-DNA. Finally, a third repeat was identified, containing 38 TAGA tetranucleotides as described for reptile DNA.     

New potent inhibitors of aquaporins: silver and gold compounds inhibit aquaporins of plant and human origin

Silver and gold compounds were tested as potential inhibitors of aquaporins of plant- and human origin. Silver as AgNO(3) or silver sulfadiazine inhibited with high potency (EC(50) 1-10 microM) the water permeability of the peribacteroid membrane from soybean (containing Nodulin 26), the water permeability of plasma membrane from roots (containing plasma membrane integral proteins), and the water permeability of human red cells (containing aquaporin 1). Gold as HAuCl(4) was less effective but still inhibited peribacteroid membrane water permeability (EC(50)=10 microM). Silver and gold are more potent inhibitors of aquaporins than the presently widely used mercury containing compounds.     

The development of a medium supplemented with egg extract for the maintenance of Drosophila cell lines.

A saline extract was prepared from Drosophila eggs. When diluted to a concentration of 1% with Drosophila tissue culture medium, it did not support growth of cells from the Drosophila line D1 during the first few days of subculture as well as medium containing serum. When cells reached a stationary phase, however, the cell density in medium containing extract was greater than in medium containing serum. By altering the concentrations of the extract, and by adding bovine albumin, a medium was obtained in which D1 cells survived initial culturing, and which supported cell growth by day 4 as well as medium plus serum. The initial retardation of growth in medium containing egg extract might be due to the need of the cells to adapt to the new medium. At the present time four Drosophila cell lines have been maintained in this medium for more than 16 passages. Preliminary experiments with primary embryonic Drosophila cells indicate that medium containing 2% extract and bovine albumin retards the differentiation of these cells.     

Repair of single nucleotide DNA mismatches transfected into mammalian cells can occur by short-patch excision

Synthetic DNA linkers containing a single mismatched nucleotide (C:A) are repaired without bias at high efficiency when introduced into mammalian cells on a SV40 shuttle vector. From the pattern of repair in vectors containing multiple linkers, it appears that DNA synthesis following mismatch excision can replace a length of DNA as short as 40 nucleotides. Furthermore, results from the introduction of linker molecules containing combinations of single-strand nicks suggest that transient unsealed nicks do not drive the direction of mismatch repair in mammalian cells, as has previously been proposed.     

Poly A metabolism in sea urchin embryos

Three different methods for the detection and isolation of RNA that contains poly A sequences are compared. All three methods selectively bind poly A containing sequences. However only the poly dT cellulose technique gave reproducible results and did not modify the binding characteristics of the RNA initially bound to the poly dT cellulose. The proportion of the total cellular RNA that contains poly A is about the same in the blastula and gastrula stages and is lower at cleavage. The kinetics of accumulation of RNA containing poly A for the blastula stage indicates extensive turnover of poly A containing material. RNA containing poly A is characterized by its heterogeneous sedimentation. Some of the RNA containing poly A is as large as 0.5 × 10⁶ Daltons.     

Enzymatic reconstruction of a hybrid glycosaminoglycan containing 6-sulfated, 4-sulfated, and unsulfated N-acetylgalactosamine.

Using the transglycosylation reaction of testicular hyaluronidase, reconstructions of hybrid glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) containing 6-sulfated (GalNAc6S), 4-sulfated (GalNAcS) and unsulfated N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) were investigated. First, chondroitin 4-sulfate (Ch4S) as a donor containing GalNAc4S and the pyridylaminated (PA) chondroitin 6-sulfate (Ch6S) hexasaccharide as an acceptor containing GalNAc6S were subjected to transglycosylation reaction. Second, when the resulting PA-Ch6S(hexa-)-Ch4S(di-)octasaccharide and chondroitin (Ch) were used as an acceptor and as a donor containing GalNAc, respectively, a new decasaccharide having a hybrid structure composed of disaccharide units derived from Ch6S, Ch4S and Ch was reconstructed. Using a systematic combination of each donor and acceptor molecule, it was possible to reconstruct various types of hybrid GAGs.     

Synthesis of decadeoxyribonucleotides containing 5-modified uracils and their interactions with restriction endonucleases Bgl II, Sau 3AI and Mbo I (nucleosides and nucleotides 82)

Decadeoxyribonucleotides containing uracil, 5-bromouracil, 5-cyanouracil and 5-ethyluracil in recognition sequences of restriction endonucleases Bgl II, Sau 3AI, Mbo I were synthesized. Decanucleotides containing 5-bromouracil in place of thymine had essentially the same susceptibility to all the restriction endonucleases. Uracil-containing decanucleotides were however very resistant to attack. Decanucleotides containing 5-cyanouracil in the recognition sequence were strongly resistant to hydrolysis by Sau 3AI, but were hydrolysed by Bgl II and Mbo I as well as the parent decanucleotide. Decanucleotides containing 5-ethyluracil were strongly resistant to hydrolysis by Sau 3AI, but were partially resistant to hydrolysis by Bgl II and Mbo I.     

Nitrofurantoin Media for the Isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Selective and enrichment media containing nitrofurantoin were compared with media containing cetrimide in the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from contaminated specimens. The nitrofurantoin media were as sensitive as cetrimide media, were easier to prepare and use and constant in performance.     

The relationship between ACE inhibitory activity and degradations of sulfur containing materials in Dolsan leaf mustard juice

This study was carried out to investigate the relationship ACE inhibitory activity and degradations of sulfur containing materials in Dolsan leaf mustard juice (DLMJ). The changes of sulfur containing materials which were treated with autolysis, myrosinase, ascorbate and papain were studied, as well as the changes of ACE inhibitory activity in DLMJ. At 37°C, sulfur containing materials by autolysis decreased most rapidly from 0.43% to 0.13% in the second day. Conversely, ACE inhibitory activity increased most from 66% to 87%, in the second day at 37°C. As myrosinase concentrations increased more, sulfur containing materials in DLMJ decreased more. The ACE inhibitory activities at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 Units of myrosinase for 240 min later were 70, 74, 75, 82, and 85%, respectively. At 1 mM ascorbate, concentrations of sulfur containing materials in DLMJ decreased more significantly on the second day than on the other days. At 1 mM ascorbate for 6 days, ACE inhibitory activity reached a maximum of about 92%. And, an increase of papain concentration was noted in accordance with a decreased sulfur containing materials. The maximum rate of ACE inhibitory activity at control, 3, 6, and 12 Units of papains treatments was shown as 70, 70, 75, and 78% at 60 min, respectively. These results suggested that the degradation of sulfur containing materials led to the increase of ACE inhibitory activity. Consequently, it was suggested that ACE inhibiting was significantly related to the degradatives of sulfur containing materials.     

曼陀罗茎段愈伤组织诱导和再生植株的研究

本试验以曼陀罗茎段为外植体,在附加不同植物激素组合的培养基中对愈伤组织的诱导和植株再生进行研究。结果表明:采用修改的MS培养基(除去甘氨酸,维生素B1含量增加至0.5mg/L,pH5.5)附加2mg/L2,4-D可由曼陀罗茎段诱导大量胚性愈伤组织;愈伤组织继代选用0.5mg/L2,4-D为宜;不定芽的诱导采用MS培养基(20g蔗糖,8g琼脂,0.1g水解干酪素) 6-BA(0.5mg/L);幼苗进一步转接至1/2MS IBA(0.2mg/L)生根培养基中,可完成曼陀罗茎段愈伤组织诱导和再生植株的组织培养过程。     

Enzymatic properties of Escherichia coli and human 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylases.

Oxidative damage to DNA generates aberrant guanine bases such as 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-formamido-pyrimidine (Fapy) and 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). Although synthetic oligonucleotides containing a single 8-oxoG have been widely used to study enzymatic processing of this lesion, the synthesis of oligonucleotides containing Fapy as a unique lesion has not been achieved to date. In this study, an oligonucleotide containing a single 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-(N-methyl)formamido-pyrimidine (me-Fapy, a methylated derivative of Fapy) was prepared by a DNA polymerase reaction and the subsequent alkali treatment. The repair activity of Fpg and hOGG1 proteins were compared using oligonucleotide substrates containing me-Fapy and 8-oxoG.