MiR-22与其靶基因在肝癌中的作用和机制

肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)是最具侵袭性的癌症之一,目前仍缺乏有效的治疗方法.MiR-22是肝癌发展过程中的肿瘤抑制因子,在肝癌组织中表达水平下调.MiR-22通过调控靶基因的表达以参与肝癌细胞的增殖、凋亡、浸润、转移以及免疫反应等一系列生理过程,发挥抑癌作用.MiR-22既可以作为...     

缺氧诱导因子-1α在肝癌组织中的动态表达特征及意义

目的:研究肝细胞癌(Hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)组织中缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)的动态表达特征及其临床价值。方法:采用WB、IHC以及PCR方法测定并比较HIF-1α在不同肝脏组织中的阳性情况以及表达量,分析HIF-1α强阳性和临床病理的关系。结果:正常肝组HIF-1α阴性率明显高于其他各组;HCC坏死组HIF-1α强阳性率最高。正常肝组HIF-1α表达量明显低于其他各组;HCC坏死组表达量最高且明显高于HCC组。中低度分化组HIF-1α强阳性较高度分化组高得多;有转移组HIF-1α强阳性较无转移组高得多。差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HIF-1α在肝硬化以及HCC组织中表达量均高于正常肝组织。HIF-1α表达与肿瘤分化的程度以及HCC转移相关,但与有无癌栓及HBsAg表达及预后不相关,为临床治疗肝癌提供了新思路。     

nm23-H1和PTEN蛋白与肝癌侵袭进展关系的研究

为研究原发性肝细胞性肝癌中nm23-H1和PTEN的表达状况,并分析两者的临床意义,本研究选取顺德第一人民医院2005年1月至2008年12月原发性肝细胞性肝癌手术患者蜡块标本68例,按Edmondson标准进行组织学分级,68例原发性肝细胞性肝癌组织为对照组,5例正常肝组织作为参照组。通过采取免疫组化S-P实验法测定两组标本nm23-H1、PTEN的表达。结果显示,nm23-H1蛋白在HCC、正常肝组织中的阳性表达率分别是30.88%(21/68)、86.67%(13/15),nm23-H1在HCC中的表达低于正常肝组织(χ~2=15.813, p0.05)。同时,根据实验分析可见,PTEN在正常肝组织、肝癌组织中的阳性率分别为93.33%(14/15)、60.29%(41/68),且PTEN在HCC中的表达低于正常肝组织(χ~2=6.001, p0.05),两者均与肿瘤的分化程度和转移相关。本研究表明PTEN、nm23-H1与HCC侵袭性强弱和是否发生转移有一定的相关性。     

Bmi1 在肝癌组织中的表达及其与细胞增殖和凋亡的关系

目的:探讨Bmi1在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)中的表达及与增殖和凋亡的关系。方法:收集HCC标本54例及相应的癌旁组织,10例正常肝组织标本,采用免疫组织化学EnVision二步法显示Bmi1的表达并结合增殖与凋亡特征进行分析。结果:在肝癌组织、癌旁组织细胞中Bmi1表达定位于胞核中,阳性表达率分别为79.6%(43/54),31.2%(17/54),10例正常肝组织未见表达,3组差异有统计学意义(P<0.005)。HCC中Bmi1的高表达与年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、肿瘤数目、临床TNM分期、是否有肝硬化及是否有HBsAg感染无显著相关(P>0.05),但与组织学分级有关,高、中分化组Bmi1表达率显著高于低分化组(P<0.05)。肝癌Bmi1阳性组增殖指数(PI)(50.3±21.4)%显著高于阴性表达组(17.3±7.1)%(P<0.05),凋亡指数(AI)无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论:Bmi1在HCC中高表达,其表达增高可能与HCC的进展相关。     

CRY2分子对肝癌细胞生长和转移的影响

目的:探讨节律分子CRY2(cryptochrome circadian clock 2)在肝细胞肝癌(HCC)中的表达和对肝癌细胞生长、转移的影响。方法:利用免疫组织化学染色法,分析65例HCC组织中CRY2分子的表达;利用233例HCC公共数据验证CRY2分子在HCC组织中的表达变化;实时定量PCR和Western blot检测肝癌细胞中CRY2的表达。MTS法和Transwell法,分别检测CRY2对肝癌细胞生长和转移的影响。结果:对照组CRY2阳性率为87.7%(57/65),而在肝癌组织中49.2%(32/65)CRY2阳性,CRY2在HCC组织中的表达显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=10.61,P0.0001)。233例HCC公共数据(GSE14520)中,癌组织CRY2表达显著下调,差异具有统计学意义(6.663 vs 6.160,P0.0001)。4株肝癌细胞株中CRY2表达与正常肝细胞株相比,CRY2表达同样显著下调。在肝癌SMMC-7721和Hep 3B细胞中,与对照组比,过表达CRY2组细胞生长能力显著降低,差异有统计学意义(SMMC-7721:0.899 vs 0.473,P0.0001;Hep 3B:0.785 vs 0.435,P0.0001)。在肝癌SMMC-7721和Hep 3B细胞中,过表达CRY2组细胞侵袭能力显著降低(SMMC-7721:侵袭细胞数216.33 vs 62.33,P=0.001;Hep 3B:侵袭细胞数169.67 vs 52.33,P=0.015);结论:CRY2分子在HCC中表达下调,同时高表达CRY2会抑制肝癌细胞生长和转移。     

T细胞分化蛋白2在肝细胞癌中的表达及其临床意义

目的:观察T细胞分化蛋白2(Mal2)在肝细胞癌(HCC)中的表达并探讨其临床意义。方法:采用免疫组织化学染色方法检测226例HCC患者的肿瘤组织和86例正常肝组织中Mal2蛋白的表达情况,并分析其与HCC临床病理指标的关系。通过生存分析比较不同Mal2表达水平患者的生存情况,并分析影响HCC患者生存情况的危险因素。结果:Mal2蛋白在HCC肿瘤组织中的表达水平显著高于正常肝组织(P0.05)。Mal2蛋白表达水平增高与HCC患者血管侵犯、淋巴结转移和较高的TNM分期相关。生存分析表明Mal2蛋白高表达组患者术后生存率显著低于低表达组患者(P0.05)。Mal2阳性表达、血管癌栓形成、淋巴结转移及较高的TNM分期是影响HCC患者术后生存时间的独立危险因素。结论:Mal2蛋白在HCC组织中呈过表达趋势,且与肿瘤转移密切相关,可能在HCC的诊断与预后判断中有一定的应用价值。     

RalA RhoC 在非小细胞肺癌组织中的表达及意义

目的:观察RalA和RhoC基因在非小细胞肺癌组织细胞中的表达变化,探讨它们的表达在非小细胞肺癌发展和侵袭转移中的作用。方法:通过实时荧光定量PCR(FQ-PCR)检测RalA、RhoC在60例非小细胞肺癌患者的肿瘤组织和癌旁组织细胞中的表达,了解其与非小细胞肺癌临床病理学指标的关系。结果:RhoC在非小细胞肺癌组织细胞中的表达较癌旁组织显著增高(P<0.05),且与淋巴结的转移、TNM分期和分化程度密切相关(P<0.05)。而RalA在非小细胞肺癌组织细胞中的表达量低于癌旁组织(P<0.05),与淋巴结转移无明显相关(P>0.05)。二者在鳞、腺癌中表达均无差异(P<0.05)。结论:肺癌组织细胞中RhoC表达升高及RalA表达异常下调与非小细胞肺癌的发生、发展及侵袭机制关系密切。     

大肠癌及癌旁粘膜中CD_(44)、nm23-H_1的表达及其临床病理意义

探讨 CD44 、nm2 3- H1 的表达与大肠癌侵袭及转移的关系。应用免疫组化 SABC法检测 5 7例大肠癌组织及相应的癌旁粘膜、正常粘膜组织中 CD44 v6 、 CD44 S、 nm 2 3- H1 的表达 ,并分别比较其与大肠癌侵袭及淋巴结转移的关系。结果显示大肠癌组织 CD44 v6 的阳性率 (70 .18% )显著高于癌旁粘膜 (阳性率为 12 .0 2 % )及正常粘膜 (阳性率为 0 ) (P<0 .0 5 ) ;大肠癌组织 CD44 S和 nm2 3- H1 的阳性率 (分别为 42 .11%和 5 4.39% )显著低于癌旁粘膜 (分别为 89.47%和 91.2 3% )及正常粘膜(分别为 10 0 %和 94.74% ) (P<0 .0 5 )。CD44 v6 、nm2 3- H1 的表达与大肠癌浸润深度及淋巴结转移有相关性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ,与大肠癌分化程度无关 (P>0 .0 5 )。CD44 v6 与 nm2 3- H1 蛋白表达无明显相关性 (rs=- 0 .117,P>0 .0 5 )。结果表明 CD44 、nm2 3-H1 可作为大肠癌侵袭与淋巴结转移的重要标志     

CD133和maspin在肝癌中的表达及其临床病理意义

目的 探讨肿瘤干细胞标志物CD133和maspin在肝细胞性肝癌（hepatocellular carcinoma HCC）中的表达情况及其临床病理意义.方法 采用免疫组织化学ElivisionTM plus法检测100例HCC组织和20例癌旁肝组织中CD133和maspin蛋白的表达情况.结果 在癌旁肝组织中CD133和maspin蛋白的阳性表达率分别为5.0%和100%,而在HCC组中其阳性表达率分别为51.0%和48.0%,两组之间差异有显著性（P〈0.01）.CD133蛋白的表达水平与肿瘤的Edmondson分级、淋巴结转移、肿瘤的数目和有无血管侵犯有关（全部P〈0.05）;maspin蛋白的表达水平与肿瘤的Edmondson分级、肿瘤的数目和有无血管侵犯有关（全部P〈0.05）.且CD133蛋白的表达与maspin蛋白的表达呈负相关（P〈0.01）.结论 CD133和maspin蛋白的表达与HCC组织的Edmondson分级、肿瘤数目和血管侵犯有关;CD133和maspin的联合检测对HCC的进展及预后判断有重要意义.     

软骨性肿瘤Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ 型胶原基因表达与肿瘤分化的关系

探讨 、 、 型胶原基因表达与软骨性肿瘤分化的关系。应用免疫组织化学和原位杂交技术检测存档石蜡标本软骨瘤、骨软骨瘤、软骨肉瘤和正常软骨共 71例中 、 、 型胶原基因的表达情况。结果显示 :免疫组化检测 型胶原蛋白的阳性率和表达强度 (灰度 ,其数值与染色强度呈反比 ) ,软骨瘤 (10 0 % ,148.99± 14.2 5 )和骨软骨瘤 (95 % ,148.76± 2 1.2 2 )与正常软骨 (10 0 % ,144 .88± 5 .0 5 )相似 ,软骨肉瘤 (74.0 7% ,16 6 .46± 17.6 7)明显低于良性软骨性肿瘤 (软骨瘤和骨软骨瘤 ) (P<0 .0 1) ,而且软骨肉瘤随着分化程度降低 ,阳性率和表达强度逐渐降低 ;高分化软骨肉瘤为 10 0 % (12 /12 ) ,148.14± 16 .10 ;中分化软骨肉瘤为 83.33% (5 /6 ) ,16 8.6 8± 11.82 ;低分化软骨肉瘤则完全不表达 (0 /9) (P <0 .0 5 )。正常软骨没有 、 型胶原 ,良性软骨性肿瘤出现少量 、 型胶原 ,软骨瘤 、 型胶原蛋白的阳性率分别为 38.89%和 44 .44 % ,骨软骨瘤分别为 35 %和 40 %。软骨肉瘤 、 型胶原蛋白明显增多 ,阳性率分别为 77.78%和 88.89% (P<0 .0 1) ,而且随着软骨肉瘤分化程度降低 , 、 型胶原蛋白表达强度增强 (P<0 .0 5 )。原位杂交显示软骨肉瘤 型胶原 m RNA的阳性率 (6 8.75 % ,11/16 )     

Role of growth factor receptor bound protein 7 in hepatocellular carcinoma

The human growth factor receptor-bound protein 7 (Grb7) is an adaptor molecule and is related to cell invasion. In this present study, we investigated the clinical and biological significance of Grb7 expression in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We reviewed 64 consecutive patients who had undergone liver resection for HCC, and we investigated the correlation between Grb7 expression and clinical outcome. To analyze the biological behavior of Grb7 in vitro and in vivo, we established Grb7 stable knockdown HCC cells using RNA interference technology. The positive staining of Grb7 protein was correlated with portal venous invasion (P < 0.01), hepatic venous invasion (P < 0.01), and intrahepatic metastasis (P < 0.05). Positive expression of Grb7 was significantly correlated with focal adhesion kinase (FAK) protein levels in HCC (P < 0.01). The Grb7- and FAK-positive group showed a significantly poorer prognosis as compared with the Grb7- and FAK-negative group (P < 0.05). Grb7 knockdown HCC cells exhibited significantly lower levels of invasion potential (P < 0.05) and motility (P < 0.05) than the control cells in vitro; moreover, Grb7 knockdown HCC cells showed delayed onset of the tumors compared with the control cells in vivo. Grb7 expression can modulate the invasive phenotype of HCC. Grb7 plays an important role in HCC progression and is strongly associated with expression of FAK. Grb7 could be a therapeutic target in HCC.     

不同分化程度的原发性肝癌MRI初步临床研究

目的:探讨原发性肝癌不同分化程度、细胞类型的MRI图像特征、参数。方法:回顾性分析肝硬化再生结节27例、肝细胞癌75例81处病灶(高度分化15例,中度分化40例,低度分化26例)、肝内胆管癌20例的病理结果及MRI影像学数据,比较再生结节、肝细胞癌和肝内胆管癌之间,以及肝细胞癌各种组织分化程度之间的ADC值、强化程度差异。结果:常规MRI平扫结合LAVA可准确诊断大部分原发性肝癌病例。再生结节、肝细胞癌及肝内胆管癌ADC值均值的具有显著统计学差异(P0.01);肝细胞癌高分化组、中分化组及低分化组ADC值均值均具有显著统计学差异(P0.01),但中、低分化肝细胞癌ADC值均值的差异无实际临床意义;高分化肝细胞癌与肝内胆管癌ADC值均值的差异无统计学意义(P=0.27)。结论:常规MRI结合DWI、多期动态增强扫描有助于区分原发性肝癌各种组织分化程度及细胞类型。     

Rock2 promotes the invasion and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by modifying MMP2 ubiquitination and degradation

Rho-associated coiled-coil-containing protein kinase 2 (Rock2) is a downstream effector of Rho that plays an important role in the tumorigenesis and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) is a master regulator of tumor metastasis. In this study, we investigated the collections of Rock2 and MMP2 in HCCs and determined the potential role and molecular mechanism of Rock2 in MMP2-mediated invasiveness and metastasis. We found that Rock2 and MMP2 were markedly overexpressed in HCCs compared with the corresponding adjacent tissues, where a positive correlation in their expression was found. The knockdown of Rock2 significantly decreased MMP2 expression and inhibited the invasion and metastasis of HCC in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, the upregulation of MMP2 rescued the decreased migration and invasion induced by the knockdown of Rock2, whereas the knockdown of MMP2 decreased Rock2-enhanced HCC migration and invasion. Mechanistically, Rock2 stabilized MMP2 by preventing its ubiquitination and degradation. Together, our results link two drivers of invasion and metastasis in HCC and identify a novel pathway for MMP2 control.     

Predicting Therapeutic Efficacy of Vascular Disrupting Agent CA4P in Rats with Liver Tumors by Hepatobiliary Contrast Agent Mn-DPDP-Enhanced MRI

To evaluate hepatobiliary-specific contrast agent (CA) mangafodipir trisodium (Mn-DPDP)–enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for predicting the therapeutic efficacy of the vascular disrupting agent combretastatin A4 phosphate (CA4P) in rats with primary and secondary liver tumors, 36 primary hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) were raised by diethylnitrosamine gavage in 16 male rats, in 6 of which one rhabdomyosarcomas (R1) was intrahepatically implanted as secondary liver tumors. On a 3.0T MR scanner with a wrist coil, tumors were monitored weekly by T2-/T1-weighted images (T2WI/T1WI) and characterized by Mn-DPDP-enhanced MRI. CA4P-induced intratumoral necrosis was depicted by nonspecific gadoterate meglumine (Gd-DOTA)–enhanced MRI before and 12 h after therapy. Changes of tumor-to-liver contrast (ΔT/L) on Mn-DPDP-enhanced images were analyzed. In vivo MRI findings were verified by postmortem microangiography and histopathology. Rat models of primary HCCs in a full spectrum of differentiation and secondary R1 liver tumors were successfully generated. Mn-DPDP-enhanced ΔT/L was negatively correlated with HCC differentiation grade (P < 0.01). After treatment with CA4P, more extensive tumoral necrosis was found in highly differentiated HCCs than that in moderately and poorly differentiated ones (P < 0.01); nearly complete necrosis was induced in secondary liver tumors. Mn-DPDP-enhanced MRI may help in imaging diagnosis of primary and secondary liver malignancies of different cellular differentiations and further in predicting CA4P therapeutic efficacy in primary HCCs and intrahepatic metastases.     

Microfilament regulatory protein MENA increases activity of RhoA and promotes metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Mammalian enabled (MENA), usually known as a direct regulator of microfilament polymerization and bundling, promotes metastasis in various cancers. Here we focus on the role of MENA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis and the relevant mechanism from the view of RhoA activity regulation. By HCC tissue microarray analysis, we found that MENA expression was positively associated with satellite lesions (P<0.01) and vascular invasion (P<0.01). Cases with membrane reinforcement of MENA staining in HCC tissues had significantly higher rates of early recurrence in the intermediate MENA expression group. Knockdown of MENA significantly suppressed HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro, as well as their intrahepatic and distant metastasis in vivo. Knockdown of MENA also decreased filopodia and stress fibers in SMMC-7721 cells. Furthermore, a decrease of RhoA activity was detected by a pull-down assay in SMMC-7721-shMENA cells. The ROCK inhibitor, Y-27632, suppressed migration of both MENA knockdown SMMC-7721 cells and control cells, but diminished their difference. Thus, our findings suggest that MENA promotes HCC cell motility by activating RhoA.     

PKCβ Ⅱ、P53和Ki67在胃印戒细胞癌中的表达及其与侵袭转移的关系

目的：检测蛋白激酶C-βⅡ亚型（PKCβⅡ）,P53,Ki67三种蛋白在胃印戒细胞癌组织中的表达,探讨三种蛋白与胃印戒细胞癌侵袭性及转移的关系。方法：应用免疫组化（S-P法）检测60例胃印戒细胞癌标本及60例胃低分化腺癌标本中PKCβⅡ、p53、Ki67的表达状况,并将检测结果与浸润深度及淋巴结转移进行综合分析。结果：胃印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌PKCβⅡ阳性表达率分别为76.67%和41.67%,二者之间有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;P53阳性表达率分别为43.33%和61.67%,二者之间具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,Ki67阳性表达率分别为60.00%和91.67%,二者之间亦具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。在未侵及浆膜层的印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌间P53的阳性表达率有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,而在侵及浆膜及邻近组织的印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌间PKCβⅡ和Ki67的阳性表达率有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;在淋巴结转移的胃印戒细胞癌和低分化腺癌之间PKCβⅡ和Ki67的阳性表达率具有显著性差异（P〈0.05）;结论：PKCβⅡ在胃印戒细胞癌高表达,Ki67在低分化腺癌有较高表达;PKCβⅡ和Ki67与两种类型胃癌的晚期浸润及淋巴结转移有关,可能与浸润性侵袭方式相关密切;P53与两种类型胃癌的早期浸润有关,可能为胃癌发生的早期事件。     

Stealth siRNA against CD147 inhibits hepatocellular carcinoma cell metastatic properties

CD147 plays a critical role in the invasive and metastatic activity of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells by stimulating the surrounding fibroblasts to secrete matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Tumor cells adhesion to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins is the first step to the tumor metastasis. MMPs degrade the ECM to promote tumor metastasis. The aim of this research was to investigate the inhibitory effects of stealth small interfering RNA (siRNA) against CD147 on HCC cell line (SMMC-7721) metastatic properties including invasion, adhesion to ECM, gelatinase production, focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vinculin expression. Flow cytometry (FCM) and western blot assays were employed to detect the transfection efficiency of the stealth siRNA against CD147. Invasion assays and gelatin zymography were also used to detect the effects of stealth siRNA against CD147 on SMMC-7721 cells’ invasion and gelatinase production. The effects of stealth siRNA against CD147 on FAK and vinculiln expression in SMMC-7721 cells were also detected by western blot. The results showed that stealth siRNA against CD147 inhibited SMMC-7721 invasion, adhesion to ECM proteins, MMP-2 production, and FAK and vinculin expression. These findings indicate that CD147 is required for tumor cell invasion and adhesion. Perturbation of CD147 expression may have potential therapeutic uses in the prevention of MMP-2-dependent tumor invasion.     

Silencing cathepsin S gene expression inhibits growth, invasion and angiogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma in vitro

Cathepsin S (Cat S) plays an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis by its ability to degrade extracellular matrix (ECM). Our previous study suggested there could be a potential association between Cat S and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) metastasis. The present study was designed to determine the role of Cat S in HCC cell growth, invasion and angiogenesis, using RNA interference technology. Small interfering RNA (siRNA) sequences for the Cat S gene were synthesized and transfected into human HCC cell line MHCC97-H. The Cat S gene targeted siRNA-mediated knockdown of Cat S expression, leading to potent suppression of MHCC97-H cell proliferation, invasion and angiogenesis. These data suggest that Cat S might be a potential target for HCC therapy.     

The differential expression of cytosolic carbonic anhydrase in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Cytosolic carbonic anhydrases (CAs), including CAI, CAII and CAIII are present in normal hepatocytes. This study was aimed to investigate the expression status of CAs in hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) and cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) and the role of tumor progression. The activity, protein expression pattern and messenger RNA of cytosolic CA were analyzed by CA activity analysis, immunoblot and RT-PCR in 60 human hepatocellular carcinomas and 10 human cholangiocellular carcinoma surgical specimens. The in situ distribution of CAI, CAII and CAIII in hepatocellular carcinomas tissues were analyzed by immunohistochemistry. The result showed that in each of 60 human hepatocellular carcinomas and 10 cholangiocellular carcinoma, CA activity and protein expression in tumor area was significantly lower than that of paired adjacent normal tissues (P < 0.01), and mRNA expressions in tumor areas were also reduced (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the immunohistochemical studies have further confirmed this reduction of CAI, CAII and CAIII protein expression in tumor areas. There was a statistically significant reduction in the expression of cytosolic CAII in poorly differentiated cancer (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the reduction of CAI, CAII and CAIII in HCC tumor areas was also revealed in this study and this reduction might promote tumor cell motility and contribute to tumor growth and metastasis.