嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2株单加氧酶基因的克隆与表达

构建嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2株荧光素样单加氧酶基因表达克隆载体,并进行融合表达。PCR扩增出嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2菌株基因组DNA中包含单加氧酶基因约1300bp的核酸片段,将其克隆到T载体pMD-18中进行序列测定,所得序列申请并获得GenBank登记号(GQ122330)。DNA star软件分析发现该基因片段中含有一个996bp的完整开放读码框架(ORF),与GenBank中收录的S.maltophilia R551-3(CP001111/GenomeProject17107)和K279a(AM743169)的MO基因核酸序列同源性分别为90%和89%,氨基酸序列同源性分别为93%和90%。根据该ORF序列设计分别含有BamHⅠ和HindⅢ酶切位点的表达克隆扩增引物,PCR扩增、双酶切后将产物亚克隆到pET32a载体中,经过双酶切验证,证实成功获得了表达重组载体pET32a/MO;将其转化宿主菌E.coli BL21,IPTG诱导后成功表达出54.2ku的MO融合蛋白,为该酶进一步的功能研究和开发奠定了基础。     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2株smp基因缺失株的构建及鉴定

为深入研究smp基因的功能,需构建嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2株smp基因缺失株。首先,PCR扩增D2株smp基因上游、下游片段作为上下游同源臂,同时扩增获得氯霉素抗性(cat)基因,采用SOE-PCR方法将各片段连接,然后双酶切后克隆入自杀质粒pEX18Tc,构建获得重组自杀质粒pEX18Tc-Δsmp/cat,并转化入大肠埃希菌SM10λpir。通过接合将重组自杀质粒转入嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2野生株,经同源重组以cat基因替换野生株的smp基因,链霉素和氯霉素双抗培养基筛选接合子,15%蔗糖选择培养基筛选smp基因缺失株。PCR、酶切和测序验证重组自杀质粒pEX18Tc-Δsmp/cat构建正确,缺失株的分泌蛋白经12%SDS-PAGE证实嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2株smp基因缺失株失去表达SMP蛋白的能力。结果显示成功获得smp基因缺失的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2株,为进一步研究其功能和胞外分泌途径奠定基础。     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌胞外蛋白酶功能研究进展

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)是广泛分布于自然界的革兰氏阴性杆菌。作为一种新型、与高死亡率相关的条件致病菌,嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌能够导致人类或其他生物感染多种疾病。近年来,越来越多的研究结果显示来自于细菌的胞外蛋白酶是导致宿主发病的关键蛋白质。因此,探究嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌胞外蛋白酶的组成成分和功能将不仅有助于阐明其致病机制,更为今后以其为靶点进行临床治疗奠定基础。本文试图对嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌胞外蛋白酶的性质、功能及其应用进行归纳总结。     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌SMP蛋白的胞外可调控分泌及序列分析

为了观察和探讨嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌SMP蛋白胞外可调控分泌现象及其机制,将收集到的环境株菌D2株及9株临床株在含不同成分的培养基中培养,取培养液上清利用SDS-PAGE电泳观察SMP蛋白分泌情况;提取各菌株基因组DNA,PCR扩增其smp基因并进行克隆和序列测定;将获得的SMP氨基酸序列用Blastp、Megalign等进行分析,并构建系统发育树。结果显示,不同来源的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌胞SMP蛋白分泌均存在可调控现象,酵母提取物可抑制该蛋白的分泌,而适宜浓度的麦芽糖则具有促进作用。序列对比及系统发育树分析显示,SMP的氨基酸序列具有种属的特异性,且临床株和环境株中存在一定的差异,临床株中该蛋白的氨基酸序列高度保守,而环境株则序列差异相对明显的,但不同来源的菌株SMP均含有保守的信号肽;提示该蛋白可能与其致病性相关,其胞外分泌的可调控机制值得进一步深入探究。     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌临床分布特征与耐药分析

目的了解湖州市中心医院嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌临床分布特征与耐药性。方法采用常规方法分离,用VITE-COMPACT2全自动微生物分析仪进行菌种鉴定,用K—B法进行药敏试验。结果分离到嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌810株,复方新诺明耐药菌株48株（分离率5．9％）。标本来源主要来自ICU室,其次呼吸科,大部分来自痰液标本（约占89．2％）,年龄段以中老年人比率最高。嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌对亚胺培南、美罗培南、头孢吡肟、哌拉西彬他坐巴坦、庆大霉素、妥布霉素、阿米卡星高度耐药;头孢他啶、替卡西林／克拉维酸、环丙沙星耐药率为33．7％～58．2％;头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、复方新诺明耐药率低于30．0％。复方新诺明耐药菌株对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、左氧氟沙星和米诺环素耐药率分别为60．4％、91．7％和2．0％,对其余抗菌药物耐药率达100．0％。复方新诺明耐药菌株与复方新诺明敏感菌株相比,耐药情况更严重,其中对三、四代头孢菌素、喹诺酮类耐药率显著高于复方新诺明敏感菌株（P〈0．01）;对碳青霉烯类、青霉素类、氨基糖苷类抗菌药物耐药率与复方新诺明敏感菌株相比,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌呈高度耐药,对头孢哌酮／舒巴坦、左氧氟沙星、米诺环素、复方新诺明尚敏感,但对复方新诺明耐药的嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌耐药现象更严重。应重视嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌引起的院内感染,尽量减少不必要的侵人性操作,加强抗菌药物的合理规范使用。     

斑点叉尾鮰一株致病菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生急性流行性传染病的斑点叉尾肝、肾分离到一高致病性的菌株(CCF00024),经人工感染实验证实其为该病的病原菌。对该菌的形态、生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,其为非发酵型,严格需氧,革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生多鞭毛,对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不能利用产酸,氧化酶阴性,DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性,MR阴性。在以该菌16S rDNA序列(GenBank登录号AY970826)和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树中,分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonasmaltophilia)聚在一簇,特别是与S.maltophiliaM5-1的同源性最高,其序列相似性达99.6%,结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)。     

产蛋白酶菌株的筛选、鉴定及水解菜粕蛋白能力

以筛选产蛋白酶菌株水解菜粕蛋白生产氨基酸为研究目的,利用牛奶、豆浆等选择性培养基,从土壤、水体等自然环境以及家禽内脏中分离到可利用蛋白质菌株90余株.通过菌株对菜粕蛋白利用及水解能力的研究,筛选出2株具有高效水解菜粕蛋白产氨基酸的菌株,分别编号为K11和G12.经形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析,初步鉴定K11为短小芽胞杆菌(Bacillus pumilus),G12为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltrophilia).发酵实验表明,2株细菌具有高效水解菜粕蛋白的能力,发酵后菜粕中游离氨基酸最大含量达到8.2％,研究所得菌株对于利用菜粕蛋白资源具有非常重要的意义.     

1株高产蛋白酶嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌的分离鉴定及其酶学活性的研究

双齿围沙蚕消化道中分离1株高产蛋白酶菌株D2(CGMCC保藏号:1868),经形态学、生理学、16S rRNA基因序列测定及系统发育分析确定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌。Lowry法检测显示该菌株产酶能力为1104 U/mL,最佳产酶条件为pH 8.0、25℃培养48 h;酪蛋白酶图谱法和凝胶成像分析证实其蛋白酶分子量约为42 ku,在培养上清液中纯度大于97%;该酶对粗酶品比活性为301 U/mg,酶活性的最适pH值为9,是一种碱性蛋白酶;最适温度为60℃;在55℃以下及pH 6~10的环境中具有较好的稳定性。嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌D2株有望成为一种新的蛋白酶生产资源。     

斑点叉尾(鱼回)一株致病菌的分离鉴定及系统发育分析

从发生急性流行性传染病的斑点叉尾NFDA5肝、肾分离到一高致病性的菌株（CCF00024）,经人工感染实验证实其为该病的病原菌。对该菌的形态、生理生化及16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,其为非发酵型,严格需氧,革兰氏阴性杆菌,极生多鞭毛,对除麦芽糖和甘露糖以外的多种糖类不能利用产酸,氧化酶阴性,DNA酶、蛋白酶、脲酶、赖氨酸脱羧酶阳性,MR阴性。在以该菌16S rDNA序列（GenBank登录号AY970826）和GenBank及RDP数据库内同源性较高的细菌16S rDNA序列构建的系统发育树中,分离菌CCF00024与嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia）聚在一簇,特别是与S. maltophilia M51的同源性最高,其序列相似性达99.6%,结合形态和生理生化特点将其鉴定为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌（Stenotrophomonas maltophilia）。     

嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌全基因组测序及降解荧蒽特性研究

随着当前工业化社会的发展,由多环芳烃等石油污染物造成的土壤污染已经成为了世界性的环境问题。本实验在天津滨海石油污染场地分离筛选出一株多环芳烃高效降解菌株W18,经过细胞形态、理化实验和分子生物学鉴定该菌株为嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia)。在表面活性剂吐温80诱导下,该菌对荧蒽降解率可达到73%。利用细菌全基因组De novo测序技术发现,其包括1个环状拓扑结构,基因大小为4 738 432 bp,GC含量为66.69%。通过与主要数据库(COG,GO,KEGG)进行比对注释,发现W18菌株中有25个基因编码了与PAHs降解有关的加氧酶。嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌为土壤石油污染处理的研究提供菌种资源,对其降解功能基因的研究将为微生物-多环芳烃高效修复体系提供重要的理论依据。     

Sequence analysis of a 1296-nucleotide plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa

A cryptic plasmid from Xylella fastidiosa strain ATCC 35868 was cloned, sequenced, and the sequence entered into GenBank (U71220). The plasmid is 1296 nucleotides in length with 55% GC content and three open reading frames. A plasmid with sequence homology was found in only one other strain of X. fastidiosa , ATCC 35878. Searches of the GenBank reveal nucleotide sequence homology with plasmid pNKH43 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia , and amino acid sequence homology with phage Pf3 from Pseudomonas aeruginosa , plasmid pAP12875 from Acetobacter pasteurianus , and plasmid pVT736-1 from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans .     

Genetic organization of the dhlA gene encoding 1,2-dichloroethane dechlorinase from Xanthobacter flavus UE15

Xanthobacter flavus strain UE15 was isolated in wastewater obtained from the Ulsan industrial complex, Korea. This strain functions as a 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA) degrader, via a mechanism of hydrolytic dechlorination, under aerobic conditions. The UE15 strain was also capable of dechlorinating other chloroaliphatics, such as 2-chloroacetic acid and 2-chloropropionic acid. The dhlA gene encoding 1,2-DCA dechlorinase was cloned from the genomic DNA of the UE15 strain, and its nucleotide sequence was determined to consist of 933 base pairs. The deduced amino acid sequence of the DhlA dechlorinase exhibited 100% homology with the corresponding enzyme from X. autotrophicus GJ10, but only 27 to 29% homology with the corresponding enzymes from Rhodococcus rhodochrous, Pseudomonas pavonaceae, and Mycobacterium sp. strain GP1, which all dechlorinate haloalkane compounds. The UE15 strain has an ORF1 (1,356 bp) downstream from the dhlA gene. The OFR1 shows 99% amino acid sequence homology with the transposase reported from X. autotrophicus GJ10. The transposase gene was not found in the vicinity of the dhlA in the GJ10 strain, but rather beside the dhlB gene coding for haloacid dechlorinase. The dhlA and dhlB genes were confirmed to be located at separate chromosomal loci in the Xanthobacter flavus UE15 strain as well as in X. autotrophicus GJ10. The dhlA and transposase genes of the UE15 strain were found to be parenthesized by a pair of insertion sequences, IS1247, which were also found on both sides of the transposase gene in the GJ10 strain. This unique structure of the dhlA gene organization in X. flavus strain UE15 suggested that the dechlorinase gene, dhlA, is transferred with the help of the transposase gene.     

Analysis of cumene (isopropylbenzene) degradation genes from Pseudomonas fluorescens IP01.

We obtained the DNA fragments encoding 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid (HOMODA) hydrolase in the cumene (isopropylbenzene) degrader Pseudomonas fluorescens strain IP01 via PCR using two synthesized oligonucleotides corresponding to the conserved regions within known meta-cleavage compound hydrolases. Following colony hybridization using the amplified DNA as a probe, a 4.5-kb HindIII fragment was isolated from P. fluorescens IP01. After determining the nucleotide sequence of this fragment, three open reading frames (ORF11 [cumH], ORF12 [cumD], and ORF13) were identified. The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF12 showed homology with meta-cleavage compound hydrolases encoded by the tod, dmp, xyl, and bph operons. Although the product of ORF12 was found to exhibit HOMODA and 2-hydroxy-6-oxohepta-2,4-dienoic acid (HOHDA) hydrolase activities, it did not exhibit 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-6-phenylhexa-2,4-dienoic acid (HOPDA) hydrolase activity. The deduced amino acid sequence of ORF11 showed 40.4% homology with the sequence of todX in Pseudomonas putida F1 (Y. Wang, M. Ralings, D. T. Gibson, D. Labbé, H. Bergeron, R. Brousseau, and P. C. K. Lau, Mol. Gen. Genet. 246:570-579, 1995). The nucleotide sequence of ORF13 and its flanking region showed strong homology (91.0%) with IS52 from Pseudomonas savastanoi (Y. Yamada, P.-D. Lee, and T. Kosuge, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:8263-8267, 1982). By characterization of cumH and cumD, the entire cum gene cluster from the cumene-degrader P. fluorescens IP01 (cumA1A2A3A4BCEGFHD) has been identified.     

花生根瘤菌Bradyrhizobium sp.MM6 Ⅲ型分泌系统的结构和功能

【目的】探究花生根瘤菌Bradyrhizobium sp.MM6的Ⅲ型分泌系统(T3SS)的结构及其在根瘤菌与不同宿主建立共生关系中的作用。【方法】同源比对分析菌株MM6的T3SS基因簇的结构特征,并采用三亲本接合转移的方法构建T3SS调节基因ttsI突变菌株;通过蛭石结瘤和石蜡切片实验,比较突变体与野生型的共生固氮表型差异。【结果】经预测,MM6的T3SS基因簇编码区长约34.1 kb,可分为3个区域,包含10个保守结构基因和8个效应蛋白基因,与B.diazoefficiens USDA110相应基因的序列相似性为83%–93%;成功构建了MM6的ttsI突变株;ttsI突变株与野生型分别与花生(S523和Y45)、野大豆和大豆中黄57结瘤,ttsI突变体在花生中的总瘤数显著增加(P<0.05),根瘤中含菌细胞更多;ttsI突变体在野大豆中平均每株植物增加4个根瘤,根瘤中含菌细胞更多,地上部干重相比野生型MM6显著增加(P<0.05);在大豆中黄57中,野生型MM6能形成红色的有效根瘤,ttsI突变体不结瘤,且植株叶片发黄,地上部干重相比野生型MM6显著降低(P<0.05)。【结论】MM6的T3SS在花生和野大豆共生体系中起着有害的作用,而在大豆中黄57的共生体系中起着有利的作用。     

禽流感病毒A/Chicken/Guangdong/SS/94(H9N2)HA基因的克隆及序列分析

禽流感是由A型流感病毒引起的禽的一种疾病综合症.1878年首次在意大利爆发流行,当时称该病为"鸡瘟".之后,许多国家和地区都有该病的报道,包括美国、英国、澳大利亚、爱尔兰、比利时、荷兰、法国、俄罗斯、加拿大、以色列、匈牙利、日本、中国(包括香港)等[1-3].     

刺五加内生青霉鲨烯合酶基因的克隆与序列分析

【目的】克隆刺五加内生青霉Penicillium minioluteum P116-1a的鲨烯合酶(Squalene synthase,SS)基因。【方法】采用cDNA 5末端快速扩增(Rapid Amplification ofcDNA 5 Ends,5 RACE)技术扩增P.minioluteum P116-1a SS基因的全长cDNA序列和DNA序列;运用生物信息学方法对该基因进行分析,预测其编码蛋白的结构与功能;并通过RT-PCR法和SDS-PAGE法检测SS的表达情况。【结果】P.minioluteum P116-1a的SS基因含有4个外显子和3个内含子,开放阅读框长1 416 bp,编码471个氨基酸,预测蛋白含67.73%的α螺旋,5.31%的延伸链,2.97%的β折叠,23.99%的无规则卷曲,含有鲨烯合酶和八氢番茄红素合成酶的特异性识别区域,定位于内质网膜。与P.marneffei和Talaromyces stipitatus中SS蛋白的氨基酸同源性达90%以上。不同温度下SS的表达情况不同。【结论】首次在刺五加内生青霉P.minioluteum P116-1a中克隆到SS基因,为进一步研究P.minioluteum P116-1a提高刺五加皂苷含量的机制奠定基础。     

Complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP4 of a human rotavirus (strain K8) which has unique VP4 neutralization epitopes.

In our previous study (K. Taniguchi, Y. Morita, T. Urasawa, and S. Urasawa, J. Virol. 62:2421-2426, 1987) in which the cross-reactive neutralization epitopes on VP4 of human rotaviruses were analyzed, one strain, K8, was found to bear unique VP4 neutralization epitopes. This strain, which belongs to subgroup II and serotype 1, was not neutralized by any of six anti-VP4 neutralizing monoclonal antibodies which reacted with human rotavirus strains of serotypes 1, 3, and 4 or serotypes 1 through 4. We determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding VP4 of strain K8 by primer extension. The VP4 gene is 2,359 base pairs in length, with 5' and 3' noncoding regions of 9 and 25 nucleotides, respectively. The gene contains a long open reading frame of 2,325 bases capable of coding for a protein of 775 amino acids. When compared with those of other human rotaviruses, VP4 of strain K8 had an insertion of one amino acid after residue 135, as found in simian rotavirus strains, and in addition, it had a deletion of one amino acid (residue 575). The amino acid homology of VP4 of strain K8 and those of other virulent human rotaviruses was only 60 to 70%. This was unusual, since over 90% VP4 homology has been found among the other virulent human rotavirus strains. In contrast, the VP7 amino acid sequence of the K8 strain was quite similar (over 98% homology) to those of other serotype 1 human rotaviruses. Thus, the K8 strain appears to have a unique VP4 gene previously not described.     

猪瘟病毒糖蛋白E0基因的克隆及及表达研究

用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ方法扩增分别获得了中国猪瘟病毒强毒石门株和兔化弱毒株糖蛋白Ｅ０基因ｃＤＮＡ,并克隆到ｐＧＥＭ Ｔ载体中测定其核苷酸序列和推导出其对应氨基酸序列,结果表明这两个毒 间的Ｅ０基因核苷酸序列同源性为９５．３％,氨基酸序列同源性为９４％,有１４个殖基的差异;与几个代表毒株ＡＬＤ株、ＧＰＥ株、Ｂｒｅｓｃｉａ株、Ａｌｆｏｒｔ株和国外测得的兔化弱毒Ｃ株相应序列进行比较,所测石门病毒核苷酸序列与上述     

The gene amyE(TV1) codes for a nonglucogenic alpha-amylase from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris 94-2A in Bacillus subtilis.

We isolated the gene amyE(TV1) from Thermoactinomyces vulgaris 94-2A encoding a nonglucogenic alpha-amylase (AmyTV1). A chromosomal DNA fragment of 2,247 bp contained an open reading frame of 483 codons, which was expressed in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. The deduced amino acid sequence of the AmyTV1 protein was confirmed by sequencing of several peptides derived from the enzyme isolated from a T. vulgaris 94-2A culture. The amino acid sequence was aligned with several known alpha-amylase sequences. We found 83% homology with the 48-kDa alpha-amylase part of the Bacillus polymyxa beta-alpha-amylase polyprotein and 50% homology with Taka amylase A of Aspergillus oryzae but only 45% homology with another T. vulgaris amylase (neopullulanase, TVA II) recently cloned from strain R-47. The putative promoter region was characterized with primer extension and deletion experiments and by expression studies with B. subtilis. Multiple promoter sites (P3, P2, and P1) were found; P1 alone drives about 1/10 of the AmyTV1 expression directed by the native tandem configuration P3P2P1. The expression levels in B. subtilis could be enhanced by fusion of the amyE(TV1) coding region to the promoter of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens alpha-amylase gene.