Desmids of Iraq

Forty species and varieties of desmids belonging to the genera Closterium (7), Pleurotaenium (1), Euastrum (3), Cosmarium (28) and Staurastrum (1) have been described from southern Iraq including two new varieties under Cosmarium (i.e. C. cyclicum Lund, var. mesopotamianum var. nov., and C. tyrolicum (Nordst.) Krieger & Gerloff var. minor var. nov.). Most of the taxa are new records for Iraq.     

John Bishop Duncan

Abstract

Atrichum undulatum (Hedw.) Beauv., Physcomitrium pyriforme (Hedw.) Hampe, Cyclodictyon blumeanum (C. Muell.) O. Kuntze and Tristichella spiculifera Dix., representing four genera of mosses new to Peninsular Malaysia, are reported and the latter two species described and illustrated. Features of ecological and distributional interest are also discussed. The sporophytes of Tristichella spiculifera are described and figured for the first time.     

大兴安岭南部山地苔藓植物区系多样性研究

于2009～2012年对大兴安岭南部山地6个自然保护区的苔藓植物进行了野外实地调查,对所采集的1 800余号标本进行室内分析鉴定,并计算分析其种类组成、区系地理成分、地区之间相似性系数和相异系数的欧氏距离比较,及其8种生境中苔藓植物多样性指数、丰富度指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数等,为保护区的管理和建设提供基础资料。结果表明:(1)大兴安岭南部山地6个自然保护区共有苔藓植物48科,134属,330种,其中苔类16科,21属,38种,1变种;藓类32科,113属,274种,14变种,2变型,1亚种。(2)首次发现中国新记录4种:长柄紫萼藓(Grimmia longirostris Hook.),毛尖连轴藓[Schistidium lancifolium(Kindb.)Blom.],平叶真藓(Bryumlaevifilum Syed.),凹叶毛灰藓[Homomallium adnatum(Hedw.)Broth.],首次发现本地区新记录12种。(3)以丛藓科为代表的旱生藓类在本区占有优势地位;区系地理成分以温带成分(60.79%)和东亚成分(16.19%)为主。(4)大兴安岭南部山地与兴安北部和燕山北部山地亲缘关系较近;生境条件的变化对苔藓植物多样性产生了一定的影响,湿润土生和石生生境为本区苔藓植物最丰富的生境,水生生境中苔藓植物分布最少。研究发现,大兴安岭南部山地苔藓植物区系是连接华北区、东北区、蒙新区和阴山地区的过渡性地带;与燕山北部和兴安北部相比,大兴安岭南部山地大面积苔藓植物地被层分布较少的主要原因是森林密度和湿度较低。因此,建立保护区对保护大兴安岭南部山地脆弱的森林、草原过渡生态系统,保护中国野生动植物类群及其他珍稀动植物的繁衍均具有十分重要的意义。     

辽宁省高等植物多样性编目

为给辽宁植物多样性保护提供本底数据, 更准确地评价植物濒危及保护等级, 以及更好地给农学、林学、生态学、系统学等研究提供可靠的基础性数据, 本文首次将几代人在辽宁境内发现的高等植物进行汇总、编目, 包括苔藓植物和维管束植物。苔藓植物根据正式发表的文献和中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所东北生物标本馆(IFP)馆藏采自辽宁省全域的苔藓植物标本编制。维管束植物主要根据5个方面的信息整理: 作者多年野外调查的一手资料、文献、同行交流、公众提供信息、标本等。编目内容包括辽宁省高等植物总名录、辽宁省栽培植物名录、辽宁省外来植物名录、辽宁省仅有栽培植物的科属目录、辽宁省仅有外来植物的科属目录; 编目中涉及的物种均有科属地位、中文名、拉丁名、生境、产地(县级), 总名录中附有每个物种的信息凭证, 包括标本信息、文献信息或照片依据。本编目共计收录植物254科1,176属3,241种73亚种447变种119变型。其中, 苔藓植物为辽宁地区首次披露名录信息, 计83科205属491种4亚种7变种(含藓类52科156属373种1亚种5变种, 苔类29科46属114种3亚种2变种, 角苔类2科3属4种)。维管束植物虽非首次披露名录信息, 但与以往发布的维管束植物名录相比, 本次收录的种类数最多, 计171科971属2,750种69亚种440变种119变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物5科19属47种1亚种13变种2变型, 被子植物147科910属2,607种66亚种420变种117变型)。经统计, 辽宁省所有苔藓植物均为本土野生植物。维管束植物中, 野生植物计149科741属2,077种62亚种378变种93变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物4科8属12种6变种1变型, 被子植物145科133属1,969种60亚种365变种92变型), 栽培植物计104科390属673种7亚种62变种26变型(含裸子植物5科17属35种1亚种7变种1变型, 被子植物99科373属638种6亚种55变种25变型); 本土植物计158科796属2,235种65亚种421变种116变型(含石松类植物2科3属13种, 蕨类植物17科39属83种2亚种7变种, 裸子植物5科14属29种12变种2变型, 被子植物134科740属2,110种63亚种402变种114变型), 外来植物计88科316属515种4亚种19变种3变型(含裸子植物3科10属18种1亚种1变种, 被子植物85科306属497种3亚种18变种3变型)。本编目仅是辽宁省高等植物的阶段性汇总, 尚需要根据野外工作的拓展和研究工作的深入不断完善。     

Redefinition of Dodecatheon dentatum (Primulaceae) and rationale for use of varietal rank

The new variety,Dodecatheon dentatum var.utahense, represents a geographic stepping stone betweenD. dentatum var.dentatum of the Pacific Northwest andD. dentatum var.ellisiae of the Southwest. Rationale for using the infraspecific rank of variety includes historical precedence and preponderant usage, convenience of grouping multiple varieties into subspecies, and elimination of subjectivity in grading the magnitude of genetic differences.     

Revision of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Heterosavia</Emphasis>, stat. nov., with notes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Gonatogyne</Emphasis> and <Emphasis Type="Italic">Savia</Emphasis> (Phyllanthaceae)

Heterosavia (Phyllanthaceae) is segregated from Savia (tribe Bridelieae), recognized at generic rank, and placed in tribe Phyllantheae. Floral, fruit, leaf anatomical, leaf venation, and pollen characters of the neotropical taxa previously united as Savia including Gonatogyne are discussed and illustrated. Keys to the three genera and to the species of Heterosavia are presented. Four species (all new combinations), Heterosavia bahamensis, H. erythroxyloides, H. laurifolia, and H. maculata, are recognized. The new combinations Heterosavia laurifolia var. intermedia and H. maculata var. clementis are proposed. The names Heterosavia, H. erythroxyloides, H. laurifolia, Savia clementis, S. clusiifolia, S. clusiifolia var. fallax, and S. longipes are lectotypified. Distribution maps and conservation assessments (IUCN ratings) of Heterosavia species and varieties are provided.     

New and noteworthy records of mosses from Italian national and regional Parks

Some remarkable mosses, as a result of the study of both recent collections and a review of herbarium specimens, are reported in this paper. They are: Anomodon rugelii (Müll.Hal.) Keissl., new record from southern Italy, a moss very rare in the Mediterranean region and considered threatened in many European countries; Blindia acuta (Hedw.) Bruch & Schimp. and Dichodontium palustre (Dicks.) M. Stech, both new records from Sicily, are very rare mosses in Italy. Moreover, a new locality in Sicily for the little-known species Tortula bolanderi (Lesq. & James) M. Howe is reported.     

广东楝科植物分类的初步研究

本文是对广东楝科植物种类的初步整理、研究,记载了16属33种7交种,包括本省产的13属27种7变种和外来引种的3属6种。其中有1个新变种(封开地黄连Munronia hainanensis How et T. Chen var. microphyllina X. M. Chen),3个新组合(曾椤Amoora tsangii (Merr.) X. M. Chen, 雷楝Reinwardtiodendron dubium (Merr.) X. M. Chen, 毛香椿Toona sinensis (A. Juss.) M. J. Roem. var. schensiana (C. DC.) X. M. Chen), 3个分布新记录[雷楝属Reinwardtiodendron (我国新记录),鹧鸪花Trichilia connaroides (W. et A.) Bentv. var. connaroides(广东新记录),海南(木坚)木Dysoxylvm hainanense Merr. var. hainanense(广东大陆新记录)].     

Fissidens monguilloni Thér. in England

Abstract

The 1996 Chagos Expedition provided an opportunity to study the archipelago's bryophyte flora: 25 of the 55 islands were ecologically investigated, some in more detail than others, and lists and representative collections of mosses, hepatics and other cryptogamic plants were assembled for many of them. Although the islands have a low biodiversity for most of these groups, as would be expected in terms of their relatively young age, remoteness and small terrestrial surface areas, those organisms that are present are often found in abundance and play significant ecological roles. Where the status of taxa on islands has been determined, there appears to be a good correlation between bryophyte biodiversity and island size. Epiphytic bryophytes were not host specific and no epiphyllous species was observed. Biogeographic details are provided, where possible, for the 19 taxa recorded, of which four are new to the Indian Ocean and seven are new to the Chagos Archipelago. A new taxon, Cololejeunea planissima var. chagosensis Pócs var. nov. is described, and notes and illustrations of a probably new Lejeunea species are provided.     

Annotated checklist of the Hydraenidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea) recorded from Iran

According to our analysis of literature sources on the family Hydraenidae (Coleoptera: Staphylinoidea) of Iran, it is represented by 67 species and three genera: Hydraena Kugelann, 1794 (21 species), Limnebius Leach, 1815 (six species) and Ochthebius Leach, 1815 (40 species). Twenty-two species are supposed to be endemic to Iran. Here, for the first time, we summarize species distribution data in Iranian provinces and present them in a checklist of Iranian Hydraenidae. We also present two additional species lists: one with incorrect records (one species and one subspecies) and the other with unidentified species.     

Nuovo elenco di muschi Cusiani (Piemonte)

Abstract

New list of mosses in the Cusian woods (Orta Lake. Piedmont). — The author draws up a list of new entities and new places in the Cusian region, in addition to the entities already listed in his previous works, about wood mosses in the region, mentioned in the bibliography. The distinctive characters with reference to the known species and formes are emphasized. The boundaries of the considered region, the different kinds of woods as well as some geomorphologic, geologic and climatic notes have been explained in the previous works, together with a short account about the previous bryological researches that have been carried out in the region, from DE NOTARIS (1805-1877) onwards. New entities listed in the present and in the previous author's works: Pleuridium subulatum (Hedw.) Lindb. var. nurautianum; Oreoweisia Bruntoni (Smith) Milde var. cusiana; Anisothecium rufescens (Smith) Lindb. var. Vertacomorum; Dicranella subulata (Hedw.) Schimp, var. curvata (Hedw.) Rabenh. f. sculerensis; Gyroweisia tenuis (Hedw.) Schimp, var. amenensis; Trichostomum mutabile Bruch De Not. subsp. cuspidatum (Schimp.) Herzog, var. silvaticum; Tortula muralis Hedw. f. incana Sapegin oec. parviseta; Mnium affine Blandow var. minus; Mnium hymenophylloides Hueb. f. ovata; Hedwigia ciliata B.S.G. f. insignis; Plasteurhynchium striatum (Spruce) Fleisch, f. cavernarum Podp. oec. Scalettae; Hygroamblystegium sculerense; Amblystegiella confervoides (Brid.) Loeske var. ciliata; Homalothecium sericeum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. roncherensis; Brachythecium Starkei B.S.G. var. nemorosum; Brachythecium collinum (Schleich.) B.S.G. f. Cusionis; Brachythecium plumosum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. minor et f. protilica; Pseudoscleropodium purum (Hedw.) Fleisch, f. integra; Entodon cladorrhizans (Hedw.) C. Mueller f. delicatula; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. var. majus (Boulay) Limpr. f. eubinervia; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. ssp. laetum (B.S.G.) Meylan var. densum (B.S.G.) Moenk. f. plicata; Plagiothecium denticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. f. cultrifolia; Platygyrium repens B.S.G. f. binervia et f. brachyphylla; Hypnum cupressiforme Hedw. ssp. eu-cupressiforme Giac. var. lacunosum Brid. f. denticulata; Loeskeobryum brevirostre (Schwaegr.) Fleisch, f. eudentata.     

The pseudoscorpions of New Zealand,Norfolk, and Lord Howe

Nearly 20 000 specimens of pseudoscorpions from a full range of habitats have been examined. For New Zealand, 70 species and subspecies in 28 genera are recognised, and for Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands, 11 species in 9 genera. Endemism is very high in this area: in New Zealand, 13 out of 25 indigenous genera are endemic; 2 others (Apatochernes, Nesochernes) are shared with Norfolk Island; and 4 (Sathrochthonius, Austrochthonius, Synsphyronus, Protochelifer) extend their distribution to Australia (Austrochthonius is known also from South America and South Africa). The rest of the native genera have a wider distribution in the Pacific. Three species (Lamprochernes savignyi, Withius subruber, Chelifer cancroides) have a wide and disjunct distribution induced by human traffic, and are considered to be an introduced element.     

陕西植物地理新分布

报道１７种、３变种、１亚种和１变型为陕西植物地理新分布,４属（毛药藤属、白接骨属、马蓝属、赤车属）为陕西植物地理新分布属。     

ESSENTIAL OILS AS TAXONOMIC AIDS IN THE CLASSIFICATION OF DICHANTHIUM PARVIFLORUM

Essential oil components and gross morphological characters are closely correlated in Dichanthium parviflorum (R. Br.) de Wet et Harlan (Gramineae) and related species. Different species, varieties, and geographical races, as well as hybrids between them, can be identified on the basis of absence or presence and quantity of essential oil components. The morphologically variable D. parviflorum was subdivided into four varieties: var. parviflorum, var. capilliflorum (Steud.) de Wet et Harlan comb. nov., var. mutispiculum (Ohwi) de Wet et Harlan comb. nov., and var. spicigerum (S. T. Blake) de Wet et Harlan comb. nov. These varieties differ from each other morphologically in having respectively racemes with 1-4 and awned, 3-5 and awned, 1-2 and awnlass, and 4-10 and awned spikelet pairs per raceme.     

Determination of Prenylquinones in Green Photosynthetically Active Moss and Liver Moss Tissues

The prenylquinone composition of two species of mosses (Polytrichum formosum Hedw., Sphagnum acutifolium Ehrh.) and two species of liver mosses (Lunularia cruciata (L.) Dum., Pellia epiphylla (L.) Cord.) was determined and compared with the chlorophyll content and the photosynthetic activity of the intact moss and liver moss tissues.

• 1 Green moss and liver moss tissues possess in principle the same prenylquinone composition as higher plants with plastoquinone-9, α-tocopherol, α-tocoquinone and the phylloquinone K₁ as main components. On a chlorophyll basis the lipoquinone levels are lower than in higher plants. Differences among the individual mosses as well as within one species only occur in the quantitative levels of the chloroplast prenylquinones, but there are no differences between musci and liver mosses.
• 2 There are differences in the maximal fluorescence of liver mosses and mosses. The variable fluorescence in turn, which is a measure of in vivo photosynthetic activity, is very similar for all examined species of mosses and liver mosses (values from 0.7 to 1.0) but somewhat lower than in leaf pieces of higher plants. DCMU blocks the variable fluorescence and the concomitant oxygen evolution in all mosses and liver mosses.
• 3 From the lower prenylquinone levels and the low values for the variable fluorescence it is concluded that mosses and liver mosses exhibit on a chlorophyll basis fewer reaction centres and electron transport chains than chloroplasts of higher plants.

     

Relationships among Cratoneuron curvicaule,C. filicinum var. filicinum,and C. filicinum var. atrovirens (Bryophyta: Amblystegiaceae)

Abstract

The relationships among western Eurasian and Macaronesian Cratoneuron filicinum (Hedw.) Spruce var. filicinum, C. filicinum var. atrovirens (Brid.) Ochyra, and C. curvicaule (Jur.) G.Roth were explored by ITS and the chloroplast markers rpl16 and tRNA-Gly. Haplotype networks, Jacknife, and Neighbour joining trees all provide high support for the recognition of C. curvicaule as distinct from C. filicinum, whereas the two varieties of the latter could not be distinguished. It is concluded that C. filicinum var. atrovirens most likely represents a phenotypic modification of C. filicinum that occurs especially in certain submerged environments or under heavily dripping water. The maximal support for the Cratoneuron clade and the small and quantitative morphological differences between its two species are arguments for not splitting this genus.     

Novelties in spermacoceae (Rubiaceae) from Bolivia and Paraguay

One new Bolivian species (Borreria pazensis) and three new varieties (Borreria densiflora var.minima, Richardia, scabra var.chacoensis andStaelia virgata var.killeenii) are described and illustrated. The genusDiodella, with three species (D. apiculata comb. nov., D. radula comb. nov., andD. teres), is reported for the first time.Borreria limae, B. wunschmannii, B. scabiosoides var.scabiosoides, andB. scabiosoides var.anderssonii are also reported as new to Bolivia.