皖西大别山北坡苔藓植物区系

该研究于2019-2021年4次对安徽大别山北坡进行苔藓植物野外考察和标本采集,对采集到的1 517份标本鉴定以及文献整理,统计分析该区苔藓植物物种组成、区系地理组成;并与华东、华中、华北等地的苔藓植物区系地理组成进行比较,以明确大别山北坡苔藓植物区系的归属问题。结果表明：(1)安徽大别山北坡共有苔藓植物80科180属482种(包括种以下单位);该次调查增加了12科40属206种,其中安徽省新记录种9个。(2)发现受威胁苔藓植物2种——滇西高领藓(Glyphomitrium minutissimum)属于极危(CR),瘤根真藓(Bryum bornholmense)属于易危(VU)。(3)大别山北坡苔藓植物区系拥有3个世界性单种科,14个世界性单种属,且有34个世界性寡种属(2～6种),该区单种属和寡种属(48属)占该区总属数的26.67%,表明该区苔藓植物起源古老。(4)大别山北坡苔藓植物区系地理成分复杂多样,以北温带成分(26.43%)和东亚成分(24.89%)为主,热带亚洲成分(14.54%)次之。(5)安徽大别山北坡苔藓植物区系与华东(西天目山、清凉峰、阳际峰)区系的关系最为密...     

Bole epiphytic bryophytes on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lithocarpus xylocarpus</Emphasis> (Kurz) Markgr. in the Ailao Mountains,SW China

Epiphytic bryophytes growing on Lithocarpus xylocarpus (Kurz) Markgr. trunks of different diameter classes in primary (132 plots) and secondary (84 plots) Lithocarpus forests in the Ailao Mountains, SW China, were surveyed and analyzed to determine species composition and richness, and to identify environmental variables that may affect it. Among the 65 species (belonging to 32 genera, 19 families) found, 28 occurred in both forests, with Syrrhopodon gardneri (Hook.) Schwaegr. predominanting. Species richness and total coverage in primary forest were significantly higher than in secondary forest. We suggest that a period of perhaps much more than 110 years is necessary for the recovery of epiphytic bryoflora in montane forest of SW China. Fan, turf, and smooth mat are the most important life forms, with high occurrences in both forests. The life form composition of epiphytic bryophytes is determined mainly by microhabitat and host age. Tree age, the presence of primary forest, bark pH, and plot exposure are the environmental variables that have significantly influenced the composition of epiphytic bryophytes. Tree age explained most variations in epiphytic bryoflora. Bark pH is another important parameter that significantly influenced the epiphytic bryophyte community, but seemed indirectly correlated with tree age. Primary forest is a favorable habitat for epiphytes, due mainly to its diversified canopy structure and the presence of large diameter hosts. Moisture-laden southwest trade winds and forest structure could differentiate microclimate and impel a distinct composition of epiphytes in windward and leeward exposures.     

Species richness of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in dry grasslands: The effects of environment, landscape structure and competition

We studied the relative importance of local habitat conditions and landscape structure for species richness of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in dry grasslands on the Baltic island of Öland (Sweden). In addition, we tested whether relationships between species richness and vegetation cover indicate that competition within and between the studied taxonomic groups is important. We recorded species numbers of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens in 4 m² plots (n=452), distributed over dry grassland patches differing in size and degree of isolation. Structural and environmental data were collected for each plot. We tested effects of local environmental conditions, landscape structure and vegetation cover on species richness using generalized linear mixed models. Different environmental variables explained species richness of vascular plants, bryophytes and lichens. Environmental effects, particularly soil pH, were more important than landscape structure. Interaction effects of soil pH with other environmental variables were significant in vascular plants. Plot heterogeneity enhanced species richness. Size and degree of isolation of dry grassland patches significantly affected bryophyte and lichen species richness, but not that of vascular plants. We observed negative relationships between bryophyte and lichen species richness and the cover of vascular plants. To conclude, effects of single environmental variables on species richness depend both on the taxonomic group and on the combination of environmental factors on a whole. Dispersal limitation in bryophytes and lichens confined to dry grasslands may be more common than is often assumed. Our study further suggests that competition between vascular plants and cryptogams is rather asymmetric.     

Integrating bryophytes into a forest management plan: lessons from grid-mapping in the forest of Soignes (Belgium)

258 bryophyte species were recorded in the 4 380 ha of the forest of Soignes (Belgium). The specific richness is artificially increased by many bryophytes not characteristic of forests such as epilithic species and weeds. In addition, certain species characteristic of ancient woodlands, like Anomodon viticulosus, Brachythecium plumosum, Homalia trichomanoides, Homalothecium sericeum, Rhizomnium punctatum, Taxiphyllum wissgrillii and Thamnobryum alopecurum were found on the concrete of the drainage network. Thus, the richness of the forest of Soignes is partly due to the ability of the bryophytes to colonize habitats of substitution. This ability suggests that the use of bryophytes as indicators of ancient woodlands must be properly tested. Two species, Ephemerum stellatum and Orthotrichum consimile, belong to the European Red List of Bryophytes, while 20 other species are considered as rare or threatened in Belgium. In addition, the forest of Soignes represents a remarkable disjunct area of distribution in Belgium for a number of other species. The distribution of species richness is patchy, ranging from 37 species·km⁻² to 122 species·km^−2, with an average of 70.5 species·km⁻². The effects of current management practices on the bryoflora are documented, and suggestions for integrating bryophyte conservation with logging and recreation are made.     

Effects of management and adjacent forest on the heathland bryophyte layer

Heathlands are severely threatened by decreasing habitat quantity and quality. In these habitats, bryophytes form an important component of plant diversity. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate the effects of management and adjacent forest land use on the heathland bryophyte layer. Furthermore, effects of these factors on invasive bryophyte species were studied.

Bryophyte communities of 11 dry heathland patches bordering forest were surveyed. In these heathlands, management turned out to be an important factor explaining community composition of bryophytes. Furthermore, significant effects of adjacent land use on bryophyte community composition and species richness were found. However, these effects were rather limited in extent, occurring only close to habitat borders, i.e., up to maximum 5 m into the heathland patch. Also for individual bryophyte species, effects of adjacent forest could only be observed within maximum 5 m from the edge. One remarkable edge effect was the increased dominance of the invasive species Campylopus introflexus near the forest edge, especially at grazed sites. Effects of adjacent land use seemed to predominate management effects. Consequently, management cannot serve as a tool to mitigate edge effects on bryophyte species in heathland patches.     

祁连山不同景观类型中苔藓植物物种多样性研究

通过对祁连山不同景观类型中的苔藓植物进行样方调查与物种组成统计,采用物种相似性系数、多样性指数对苔藓植物物种多样性进行了分析。结果表明,30个10 m×10 m的样地内共计苔藓植物19科34属48种,其中优势科(≥3种)有6科,含19属31种,分别占本地区苔藓植物总属数和总种数的55.88%和64.58%。在5种景观类型中,针叶林带和高山灌丛带分布的苔藓植物物种相似性最高(相似性系数为0.5357);河岸带和高山草甸带分布的苔藓植物物种相似性最低(为0),表现出祁连山地区苔藓植物分布的丰富性和复杂性;高山灌丛带分布的苔藓植物物种多样性指数最高,但针叶林带苔藓植物最为丰富,是祁连山苔藓物种多样性保护的关键区域。     

千岛湖生境片断化对苔藓植物多样性的影响

选取浙江千岛湖东南湖区的10个岛屿和1个半岛,详细研究了苔藓植物组成及生境片断化对其多样性的影响。研究结果表明：该区域有苔藓植物37科71属129种,其中浙江新记录3种。群落类型主要包括土生群落、石生群落和树生群落。苔藓植物区系以东亚成分为主,其次为北温带成分和热带亚洲分布,分别占总种数的39.45%、20.18%和18.35%,说明该地区苔藓植物区系具有典型的东亚特征。岛屿面积对苔藓植物分布影响结果显示：不受岛屿面积影响的苔藓植物有29种,受岛屿面积影响的苔藓植物有58种;各岛屿苔藓植物物种数与岛屿累加面积存在明显正相关。     

Determinants of stream bryophyte community structure: bringing ecology into conservation

相似文献   

Impact of Land-Use Intensity and Productivity on Bryophyte Diversity in Agricultural Grasslands

While bryophytes greatly contribute to plant diversity of semi-natural grasslands, little is known about the relationships between land-use intensity, productivity, and bryophyte diversity in these habitats. We recorded vascular plant and bryophyte vegetation in 85 agricultural used grasslands in two regions in northern and central Germany and gathered information on land-use intensity. To assess grassland productivity, we harvested aboveground vascular plant biomass and analyzed nutrient concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Mg. Further we calculated mean Ellenberg indicator values of vascular plant vegetation. We tested for effects of land-use intensity and productivity on total bryophyte species richness and on the species richness of acrocarpous (small & erect) and pleurocarpous (creeping, including liverworts) growth forms separately. Bryophyte species were found in almost all studied grasslands, but species richness differed considerably between study regions in northern Germany (2.8 species per 16 m²) and central Germany (6.4 species per 16 m²) due environmental differences as well as land-use history. Increased fertilizer application, coinciding with high mowing frequency, reduced bryophyte species richness significantly. Accordingly, productivity estimates such as plant biomass and nitrogen concentration were strongly negatively related to bryophyte species richness, although productivity decreased only pleurocarpous species. Ellenberg indicator values for nutrients proved to be useful indicators of species richness and productivity. In conclusion, bryophyte composition was strongly dependent on productivity, with smaller bryophytes that were likely negatively affected by greater competition for light. Intensive land-use, however, can also indirectly decrease bryophyte species richness by promoting grassland productivity. Thus, increasing productivity is likely to cause a loss of bryophyte species and a decrease in species diversity.     

Effects of environmental heterogeneity on species diversity and composition of terrestrial bryophyte assemblages in tropical montane forests of southern Ecuador

Background: Most studies on tropical bryophytes deal with epiphytic species. This is the first ecological study of tropical forests that focuses specifically on terrestrial bryophytes.

Aim: To investigate the differences between slope and ridge environments in upper montane forests of southern Ecuador in terms of species diversity (richness, abundance), species composition and life forms of terrestrial bryophytes.

Methods: We used Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) to group bryophyte relevés by study location, habitat type and exposure class. Species indicator values were calculated and compared for different habitats.

Results: In total, 140 species were recorded, the majority being liverworts. NMDS analyses and Mantel correlations clearly separated between slope and ridge relevés, and between sunny and shaded microhabitats on ridges. Bryophyte life forms also showed different distribution patterns in slope and in ridge habitats. Mosses were more prominent in sunny than in shaded microhabitats.

Conclusions: Environmental differentiation between ridges and slopes, and small-scale variation in microclimatic conditions caused by differences in exposure, were stronger predictors of species richness and composition than geographical distance between study sites.     

Is vascular plant species diversity a predictor of bryophyte species diversity in Mediterranean forests?

This study aimed to (i) investigate the congruence among the species composition and diversity of bryophytes and vascular plants in forests; (ii) test if site prioritization for conservation aims by the maximization of the pooled number of vascular plant species is effective to maximize the pooled number of bryophyte species. The study was performed in six forests in Tuscany, Italy. Four-hundred and twenty vascular plant species (61 of which were woody) and 128 bryophyte species were recorded in 109 plots. Despite the good predictive value of the compositional patterns of both woody plants and total vascular with respect to the compositional pattern of bryophytes, the species richness of the latter was only marginally related to the species richness of the former two. Bryophyte rare species were not spatially related to rare plant species and neither coincided with the sites of highest plant species richness. The species accumulation curves of bryophytes behaved differently with respect to those of woody plants or total vascular plants. Reserve selection analysis based on the maximization of the pooled species richness of either woody plants or total vascular plants were not effective in maximizing the pooled species richness of bryophytes. This study indicates that species diversity of vascular plants is not likely to be a good indicator of the bryophyte species diversity in Mediterranean forests.     

武汉市城区苔藓植物多样性和分布及与环境因子的关系

对武汉市7个中心城区和部分远郊城区共26个样点73个样地的苔藓群落进行调查,采集苔藓植物样本共431份。经鉴定调查区内共有苔藓植物20科35属91种,其中狭叶小羽藓（Haplocladium angustifolium（Hampe et C.Muell.）Broth.）和钝叶绢藓（Entodon obtusatus Broth.）等为优势种,分布于其中的24个样点。多样性指数分析结果显示,位于青龙山国家森林公园的α多样性Patrick和Shannon-Wiener指数最高,说明该样点苔藓植物群落的复杂程度高,群落所含信息量大。Patrick指数与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析结果显示,土壤含水率和与主要干道距离是显著影响地面生苔藓植物多样性的环境因子,而显著影响树附生苔藓植物多样性的环境因子仅与距主要干道距离相关。用典范对应分析法（CCA）研究26个样点中苔藓植物的盖度与主要环境因子的关系,结果发现人为干扰程度、草本盖度、与城市主要干道的距离等对地面生和树附生苔藓植物的分布都有显著影响。其中地面生苔藓植物的分布受人为干扰和草本盖度影响最为显著;而树附生苔藓植物的分布受附生树干胸径及与主要干道距离影响最为显著。研究结果表明武汉市区苔藓植物的多样性和分布受人为干扰较大,树附生苔藓对汽车尾气等因素更为敏感。     

The influence of agricultural land-use intensity on bryophyte species richness

This study is a quantitative approach to the estimation of bryophyte species richness in relation to land-use intensity at three spatial scales in highly cultivated areas. A total of 460 randomly selected habitats and their various substrates within 29 study sites were investigated with regard to their land-use intensity and their bryophyte species richness in an agricultural region of eastern Austria. On bare soils (substrate-scale), low but regular disturbance increases bryophyte diversity in comparison to lower land-use intensity. However, more frequent disturbance (e.g. ploughing more than two times a year) dramatically reduces species richness at these sites, with more than 50% of these sites showing no bryophytes. The production of reproductive units (sporophytes and vegetative units) is highest at an intermediate disturbance regime. On the habitat, as well as on the landscape-scale, there is a significant increase in total bryophyte species number as well as in the number of threatened species with decreasing land-use intensity. This is mainly due to habitat and structural diversity, which increases with decreasing land-use intensity. There are significant correlations between landuse intensity, structural diversity and species richness at the habitat as well as on the landscape scale.     

Bryophyte biomass and species richness on the Park Grass Experiment,Rothamsted, UK

The relationships between bryophyte biomass and species richness and soil pH, nutrient applications and vascular plant biomass and species richness were analyzed for the Park Grass Experiment (Rothamsted, UK). The study examined the abundance of bryophytes in relation to long-term fertilizer and lime application and to fertilizer treatments recently being ceased on some plots. The probability of bryophytes being present on a plot increased with increasing soil pH, and on plots at soil pH 3.3–4.5, the lowest values in this experiment, there were virtually no mosses present. Total bryophyte biomass decreased with increasing vascular plant biomass and vascular plant richness. Both bryophyte biomass and species richness showed a curvilinear response to soil pH. Bryophyte biomass was markedly increased on plots where nitrogen (N) fertilization had recently been ceased. The abundance of the common bryophyte species showed individualistic responses to treatments. N had a negative effect on the abundance of Brachythecium rutabulum. Increasing soil pH, and the application of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) fertilizer together, had a positive effect on Eurhynchium praelongum. This species was also negatively affected by N, but tolerated larger amounts of it (100–150 kg ha^–1 N) than B. rutabulum. An ephemeral moss, Bryum subapiculatum, had a unimodal response to soil pH but showed no response to N, P, K or other explanatory variables.     

南京市主城区苔藓植物多样性及其与环境的关系

苔藓植物是结构特殊的高等植物,种类数量仅次于被子植物,具有独特的观赏价值,应用前景广阔.为了更好地利用苔藓植物进行园林造景,本研究对南京市主城区10个绿地样点77个样地的苔藓植物进行了调查.结果表明: 共记录苔藓植物21科36属55种,其中丛藓科、羽藓科等苔藓种类在调查区域内分布广泛.苔藓种类丰富度由城中心向周围逐渐降低.根据苔藓植物多样性的聚类分析可将10个绿地样点分为3组,与园林生境、人为干扰频度、面积等因素有关.典范对应分析(CCA)表明,郁闭度、湿度和基质类型是影响苔藓植物分布的主要环境因子.南京市多数苔藓植物喜欢生长在湿度适中、较为开阔的区域.     

冀南云梦山苔藓植物区系

河北南部云梦山区苔藓植物种类较为丰富,有244种,隶属36科99属。区系成分以北温带成分为主(52.11%),其次是东亚成分(19.25%),具有明显的温带性质。提出该区系组成属于温暖干旱的北方山地和温暖潮湿的南方山地的中间类型,个别区域小气候环境条件对苔藓植物区系组成具有重要意义的观点。文中对成因进行了初步探讨。     

泰山南北坡植物物种多样性垂直梯度格局的比较

以泰山南北坡14块样方的调查资料为基础,分析了泰山植物物种多样性沿海拔梯度的分布格局。结果表明:在相同海拔范围内,南坡物种丰富度大于北坡,泰山物种丰富度随海拔的升高而减少。整个群落及不同层次的物种多样性沿海拔梯度在泰山南北坡呈现不同的分布格局。在人为干扰程度低的情况下,北坡的群落物种丰富度在各个层次均较高,而多样性指数在各个层次不一样,北坡乔木层的多样性指数较南坡低,但灌木层和草本层则是北坡明显大于南坡。整体上,物种多样性指数与海拔的相关性,北坡要比南坡好。     

Bryophyte colonisation in experimental microcosms: the role of nutrients, defoliation and vascular vegetation

A three-year multi-factorial microcosm experiment simulating fertilisation, defoliation and the composition of vascular vegetation in a dry grassland succession was used to test four hypotheses concerning the establishment and survival of bryophytes in grassland vegetation. H₁: bryophyte cover may be used to predict bryophyte species richness. H₂: bryophyte richness is suppressed at high nutrient levels and promoted by defoliation of vascular plants. H₃: species richness of bryophytes is influenced by the species composition of the vascular vegetation. H₄: bryophyte species richness is negatively correlated with vascular plant biomass.
The relationship between bryophyte richness and bryophyte cover was found to follow the classical species-area richness curve. Bryophyte species richness responded positively to defoliation and negatively to fertilisation. The species composition of vascular vegetation had no significant effect on bryophyte richness. Bryophyte species richness was lower at high vascular plant biomass and vascular plant dry weight above 400 g m⁻² appeared fatal to bryophytes. At high nutrient levels, defoliation increased bryophyte richness, but defoliation did not fully compensate for the negative effect of fertilisation. The study reinforces the concern for short lived shuttle bryophytes in the agricultural landscape.     

Change in the bryophyte diversity and species composition of Central European temperate broad-leaved forests since the late nineteenth century

The diversity and species composition of the bryophyte flora colonizing the forest floor, live trees and deadwood in semi-natural broad-leaved forests of northern Germany was compared between a recent survey in 2013 and historical records from around 1900. The survey was based on the comparison of presence/absence data and their interpretation with help of ecological indicator values. Total species richness has declined in bryophytes growing on the forest floor but not in the other guilds, whereas a dramatic species turnover was found for all three guilds. This turnover was apparently primarily driven by the increased atmospheric load of reactive nitrogen from anthropogenic emissions. Sensitive species were replaced by more eutrophication-tolerant bryophytes; liverworts are overrepresented among the sensitive and thus declining species. Promotion of the competitive strength of vascular plants due to increased nitrogen levels is the likely cause of the reduction of bryophyte species richness on the forest floor. Former acidification by high atmospheric sulfur dioxide loads has left an imprint in the bryophyte vegetation by having favored acidophytic species and discriminating against basiphytic species. An increase in the mean indicator value for temperature suggests a beginning effect of climate warming on the bryophyte vegetation. Change in forest structure had an apparently smaller imprint on the bryophyte diversity of the studied semi-natural forests than atmospheric chemistry and climate. In this respect, bryophytes differ from the ecologically similar lichens, where published studies from the same region showed a dramatic decline of species richness and a stronger susceptibility to forest management.     

广东黑石顶森林苔藓群落特征初探

通过对5个面积为2500m2的样地中树附生和地面苔藓植物的定量调查,初步研究了广东黑石顶森林中苔藓植物多样性特征。本次调查共发现苔藓植物50种,包括30种苔类和20种藓类。样地中树附生苔藓植物40种,地面苔藓植物24种,前者远高于后者。各样地中地面苔藓植物的种类为8-13种,盖度0.59%-1.12%,坡度及小生境的多样性对地面苔藓植物物种多样性及盖度均有很大影响;树附生苔藓植物12-20种,盖度0.63%-1.63%。结果显示30a的次生林中苔藓植物的物种丰富度及盖度均可恢复到与成熟阔叶林接近的水平。相似性分析表明,成熟阔叶林内苔藓植物种类组成与针阔叶混交林及30a的次生阔叶林差异不明显,但前者的苔藓植物群落结构与后者的差异较大。