蒙古香蒲,宽叶香蒲和长苞香蒲花粉的黄酮类化合物的研究

蒙古香蒲(Typha davidiana Hand.-Mazz.)宽叶香蒲(Typha latifolia L.)和长苞香蒲(Typha angustata Bory et Chaub)的干燥花粉中分别分离得到柚皮素(Ⅰ),异鼠李素(Ⅱ),檞皮素(Ⅲ),异鼠李素-3-O-(2~G-α-L-鼠李糖基)-芸香糖甙(Ⅳ),檞皮素-3-O-(2~G-α-L-鼠李糖基)-芸香糖甙(Ⅴ),异鼠李素-3-O-芸香糖甙(Ⅵ),异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮糖甙(Ⅶ)和山奈酚-3-O-新橙皮糖甙(Ⅷ)。     

水烛香蒲不同部位黄酮类化合物的动态分析

为了分析水烛香蒲花粉和茎叶中黄酮类成分,以及不同生长期、不同部位中香蒲新苷、异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷和异鼠李素含量。该文采用UPLC-Q-TOF-MS进行定性分析,结合HPLC法对水烛香蒲不同部位中黄酮类化合物含量进行分析评价,色谱条件为PRAZIS C_(18)柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5μm),以乙腈-0.05%磷酸为流动相,梯度洗脱,体积流量1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长254 nm,柱温30℃。结果表明:(1)花粉及茎叶中共解析出42个化合物,其中8个化合物在不同部位中有差异。(2)同一生长环境的水烛香蒲不同生长时期、不同部位中3种黄酮类化合物的含量差异较大。(3)异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷及异鼠李素在香蒲的发育生长过程中含量呈先增加后下降的趋势,茎叶内的这两种成分含量下降明显;在花粉中,香蒲新苷和异鼠李素-3-O-新橙皮苷含量急剧上升,一周内达到峰值;茎叶中香蒲新苷含量较低,在大多数样品中未检出。该研究所建立的测定方法简便、重现性好,并对水烛香蒲中黄酮类成分的含量变化规律进行了研究,对花粉及茎叶中化合物差异进行了分析,为蒲黄的合理采收及香蒲植物的资源化利用提供了科学依据。     

异鼠李素和异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的抗氧化活性分析

槲皮素类化合物是众多黄酮类中活性最高的化合物之一,在医药方面有很强的药效功效。本研究选取两种槲皮素类黄酮化合物异鼠李素和异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷作为目标化合物,运用Gaussian 09软件密度泛函(DFT)方法从分子总能量、OH解离焓(BDE)的理论表征、前线分子轨道及其轨道能级、原子的净电荷布居等方面研究异鼠李素和异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷的抗氧化活性。结果表明,异鼠李素活性大于异鼠李素-3-O-葡萄糖苷,两类分子4'位的酚羟基失去氢之后对抗氧化活性的整体影响是最大的,酚羟基在这个位置上就具有较明显的高活性特征,分子中引入的糖苷不参与前线分子轨道的形成,不具有消除自由基活性的作用,但它对于分子本身的极性有很大的影响,可以改变分子在机体反应时的溶解度和吸收度。这对进一步深入研究槲皮素类黄酮化合物的抗氧化活性以及抗氧化剂的结构改良等提供了重要的科学依据。     

山豆根化学成分研究

利用多种柱层析方法,从山豆根中分得5个化合物。经过理化及波谱分析,分别鉴定为L-广高丽槐素(1)、红车轴草苷(2)、槲皮素(3)、芦丁(4)和异鼠李素-3-芸香糖甙(5)。其中化合物3,5为首次从该植物中分离得到。关键词：山豆根;L-高丽槐素;红车轴草苷;槲皮素;芦丁;异鼠李素-3-芸香糖甙     

异鼠李素诱导人结肠癌细胞凋亡及其分子机制的初步研究

该文研究异鼠李素(isorhamnetin,ISO)对人结肠癌细胞(LOVO)增殖和凋亡的影响,并初步探讨其分子机制。采用MTT法检测不同浓度异鼠李素作用于LOVO 24、48、72 h后的细胞增殖;采用PI染色法检测不同浓度异鼠李素处理LOVO 48 h后的贴壁细胞数;采用碘化丙啶(propidium iodide,PI)染色法和DNA电泳的梯状条带(DNA ladder)法检测不同浓度异鼠李素处理LOVO 48 h后细胞形态和DNA片段;采用Western blot法检测磷酸化的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor phosphorylation,p EGFR)、Bax(Bcl-2 associated X protein)、Bcl-2(B-cell lymphoma-2)、半胱氨酸蛋白酶-3(caspase-3)和caspase-3的剪切体(cleaved caspase-3)的蛋白质水平。结果发现,异鼠李素能有效抑制LOVO的增殖,且具有浓度和时间依赖性;处理48 h后,细胞出现了典型的凋亡形态,且出现180~200 bp倍数的DNA片段。进一步研究发现,异鼠李素通过抑制EGFR磷酸化、增加Bax蛋白质水平、减少Bcl-2蛋白质水平进而活化caspase-3,实现诱导细胞凋亡并抑制细胞增殖。因此,异鼠李素通过细胞凋亡抑制结肠癌细胞的增殖,具有开发为人结肠癌临床治疗用药或辅助用药的潜力。     

北美盐角草(Salicornia bigelovii Torr.)化学成分的研究(英文)

从北美盐角草中分离得到6个化合物,运用波谱手段分别鉴定为东莨菪内酯(1),杜松脑(2),金丝桃苷(3),槲皮素(4),异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)和β-谷甾醇(6)。其中,化合物1和2为该属植物中首次分离得到,化合物4和6为首次从该种植物中得到。     

布渣叶中三萜和黄酮类成分的研究

从布渣叶(Microcos paniculata L.)的叶中分离得到10个化合物.通过光谱和波谱分析,分别鉴定为无羁萜(1)、阿江榄仁树葡糖苷Ⅱ(2)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-[3,6-二(对羟基桂皮酰)]-葡萄糖苷(3)、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、异鼠李素3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)、异鼠李素3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(6)、牡荆苷(7)、佛来心苷(8)、异佛来心苷(9)、异牡荆苷(10).10个化合物均为首次从布渣叶中分离得到.     

樟树叶化学成分的研究

本文研究了樟树叶的化学成分。主要采用硅胶、Sephadex LH-20凝胶和聚酰胺等柱层析方法对樟树叶的化学成分进行分离纯化,并根据理化性质、波谱数据(1H NMR,13C NMR)鉴定化合物的结构。从樟树叶的甲醇提取物中分离鉴定出9个化合物,分别为山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(1)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-鼠李糖苷(2)、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(3)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(4)、黑色五味子单体苷(5)、山奈酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(6)、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷(7)、新芝麻脂素(8)和maculatin(9)。化合物1为首次从樟属中分离得到,化合物4、5、8为首次从樟科植物中分离得到。     

锥叶柴胡化学成分研究

自锥叶柴胡(Bupleurum bicaule Helm)地下部分中分离得到8个化合物单体,根据理化性质和波谱分析,分别鉴定为kaerophyllin(1)、isokaerophyllin(2)、咖啡酸乙酯(3)、柴胡皂苷元F(4)、异鼠李素(5)、槲皮素(6)、α-菠甾醇(7)和豆甾醇(8),均为首次从该植物中分离得到.     

鞑靼滨藜地上部分化学成分的研究

从鞑靼滨藜（Atriplex tatarica）首次分离得到6个化合物,通过理化及波谱分析,它们分别确定为苜素（tricin,1）,苜蓿素-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（tricin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,2）,异鼠李素（isorhanmetin,3）,异鼠李素．3-芸香糖甙（Isorhamnetin-3-rutinoside,4）,豆甾醇（stigmasteml,5）,β-谷甾醇（β-sitosterol,6）。     

Brachyptera Group. Sp.32. C. Brachyptera. Sp.33. C.c RUFA. Sp.34. C. Troglodytes. Sp.35. C. Fulvicapilla.

A part from considerations as to where it is best wedged into the linear sequence, the brachyptera group is defined in general terms as a compact group of four small or very small species which resemble one another in many important specific characters and the other thirty-six species classified here as Cisticola in so many ways of form, coloration and behaviour as to make them best understood by classifying them also under that generic name.     

Robusta-Natalensis Pair. Sp. 30. C. Robusta. Sp.31. C. Natalensis.

T he two giants of the genus-that is so far as the cock birds are concerned, but, as with chiniana and a few others, their hens are so much smaller that even when in the field the two sexes are seen in company one may often doubt their being a pair of the same species.     

Species 29. Cisticola Carruthersi. Pl. XIV. fig. 59. Cisticola carruthersi O.-Grant, Bull. B. O. C. xxiii. 1909, p. 94: typ. loc. Mokia, L. George, Uganda.

The B. O. C. Ruwenzori expedition of 1906 brought home a single immature female of this species, obtained in a papyrus swamp near Lake George, and to Ogilvie-Grant's discrimination we owe the recognition of its specific distinction from galactotes , the species it so closely resembles in coloration, and which is certainly carruthersi s nearest ally.     

Robert Alexander Falla K.B.E., C.M.G., M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.N.Z.

Abstract

On 23 February 1979 Sir Robert Falla collapsed and died at his home in Eastbourne. He was 77. His sudden death came as a great shock to his multitude of friends and colleagues, many of whom were still sharing with Sir Robert a deep sense of loss at the death on 31 May 1978, shortly after the couple's golden wedding anniversary, of his charming wife Molly.     

Species 13. Cisticola Distincta sp. Nov. Pl. XIX. fig. 81.

Type in the American Museum New York, reg. no. 263393; an adult male collected by Mr. F. P. Mathews and Dr. J. P. Chapin June 1926, in the Kidong Valley, Kenya Colony: wing 65, tail 59.5.     

Species 7. Cisticola Brunnescens. Pl. VII.

This third species of Cloud-scraper was first named by Dr. von Heuglin in 1862 from an adult male in Summer dress obtained by himself in Abyssinia. Later (in 1869), not realizing their specific identity, von Heuglin gave examples of the same species in Winter and juvenile dresses with different specific names, viz. iodopyga and habessinica , but did not have to contend with the difficulty of separating ayresii from brunnescens because the former species does not occur in Abyssinia. Elsewhere, from Kenya Colony to South Africa, that has always been the difficulty, and wherever the two species were subsequently found they were more or less indiscriminately related to one another as forms or allies of ayresii (under that bird's wrong name terrestris) , until, in 1913 *, Roberts showed the differences between them in South Africa, and, in 1922†, van Someren the same for Kenya Colony.     

Species 39. Cisticola Tinniens. Pl. XIV.

A smallish, rather slender-built bird; quite a typical Cisticola like subruficapilla , which species despite its different coloration is-one of if not the nearest of its allies, about the same size, build and proportions as the Sardinian Warbler (S. melanocephala) and with much moreover in its behaviour which recalls that and other quite differently coloured bush-loving Sylvia Warblers, such as, for instance, the Whitethroat (S. communis).     

Species 38. Cisticola Ruficeps. Pl. XVIII.

An easily recognized little bird in both of its very different seasonal dresses: one with no very near relative among the other species, but thoroughly Cirticoline from every point of view, alive or on the table: about the size of the Wood-Warbler (P. sibilatrix) , but with a shorter tail and much shorter wings, (totally different coloration), and in behaviour more like a bush-loving Sylvia , the Whitethroat (S. communis) for instance, only without any of that bird's aerial love-dances.     

Species 37. Cisticola Cinereola. Pl. III.

Another of the more recently discovered North-east African species: not a very small bird, but about the size of the Whitethroat (Sylvia communis) and of not very different proportions, only the tail noticeably shorter: an inhabitant, for (he most part, of thorn-bush country, with manners, so far as they are known, more or less Sylvia-like.     

Andropause ou P.A.D.A.M.

Recently the word P.A.D.A.M. has been proposed to replace the term Andropause (Partiel Andrologen Deficiency in Aging Males). This implies that most if not all problems of the aging male are due to testosterone déficiency, which is not at all true when one considers the results of endocrine investigations in that group. So many other sociological and relational causes are involved that the term P.A.D.A.M. is clearly a misnomer.