共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
S. G. Spivak I. N. Berdichevets R. P. Litvinovskaya S. V. Drach N. A. Kartel G. V. Shpakovski 《Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry》2010,36(2):224-232
In the mitochondria of animal steroidogenic tissues, cytochrome P450SCC encoded by the CYP11A1 gene catalyzes the conversion of cholesterol into pregnenolone—the general precursor of all steroid hormones. In this work
we study the steroid metabolism in transgenic tobacco plants carrying the CYP11A1 cDNA encoding cytochrome P450SCC from the bovine adrenal cortex. The transgenic plants under investigation markedly surpass the control wild-type plants by
size and are characterized by a shortened period of vegetative growth (by rapid flowering); their leaves contain pregnenolone—the
product of a reaction catalyzed by cytochrome P450SCC. The level of progesterone in transgenic tobacco leaves is higher than in the control plants of the wild type. The seeds
of the transgenic plants contain less (24R)-brassinosteroids than the wild-type tobacco plants. The results obtained indicate that the synthesis of an active P450SCC cytochrome in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum plants has a profound effect on steroid metabolism and is responsible for the specific phenotypic features of transgenic
plants bearing CYP11A1 cDNA. 相似文献
2.
Swasti S. Swain Tapasi Tripathy Pradipta K. Mohapatra Pradeep K. Chand 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2010,46(2):134-141
In vitro regeneration of black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) plants was achieved through callus-mediated shoot organogenesis followed by 30 d indoor ex vitro adaptation to nutritional stress under environmental ambience and thereafter 6-d outdoor acclimatization in pots prior to
field establishment. Relevant physiological parameters including pigment content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, net photosynthetic rate (P
N), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (g
s) of in vitro-regenerated plants were investigated during the course of ex vitro adaptation. During the first 4 d of indoor transplantation to potting substrate, there was a marginal reduction in the leaf
chlorophyll and carotenoid contents but P
N and E were strongly reduced. The stomatal conductance and E/P
N ratio were significantly higher in plants up to 20 d of indoor adaptation than those of comparable age grown naturally from
seeds. The shape of the OJIP fluorescence transient varied significantly with acclimatization, and the maximum change was
observed at 2.0 ms. The 2.0 ms variable fluorescence (V
j), 30 ms relative fluorescence (M
0), photon trapping probability (TR0/Abs), and photosystem II (PSII) trapping rate (TR0/RC) showed initial disturbance and subsequent stabilization during 30 d of indoor acclimatization. Energy dissipation (DI0/RC) and electron transport probability (ET0/TR0) showed an initial phase of increase during the 4 d after plants were transplanted outdoors. During the 6-d outdoor acclimatization
after transfer of plants to soil, no significant change in total chlorophylls and carotenoids, E, and g
s were observed, but P
N improved after reduction on the first d. The OJIP-derived parameters experienced change on the first d but were stabilized
quickly thereafter. There was no significant difference between outdoor acclimatized plants and those of the seed-grown plants
of comparable age with respect to photosynthetic and fluorescence parameters. Direct transfer of plants without indoor acclimatization,
however, showed a completely different trend with respect to P
N, E, and OJIP fluorescence transients. The bearing of this study on optimizing micropropagation is discussed. 相似文献
3.
Bo Zhu Ai-Sheng Xiong Ri-He Peng Jing Xu Xiao-Fen Jin Xiu-Rong Meng Quan-Hong Yao 《Molecular biology reports》2010,37(2):961-966
Thermal hysteresis proteins (Thps) known as antifreeze proteins for their antifreeze activity, depress the freezing point
of water below the melting point in many polar marine fishes, terrestrial arthropods and plants. For the purpose of breeding
cold-resistant plants, we designed to introduce the Thp gene into the plants. The physiological and biochemical effect of
high-lever expression of the modified Choristoneura fumiferana
Thp (ThpI) in Arabidopsis thaliana plants was analyzed. Under low temperature stress, the ThpI transgenic plants exhibited stronger growth than wild-type plants. The elevated cold tolerance of the ThpI over-expressing plants was confirmed by the changes of electrolyte leakage activity, malonyldialdehyde and proline contents.
These results preliminarily showed that the Thp possibly be used to enhance the low temperature-tolerant ability of plants. 相似文献
4.
5.
Hua Zhang Rui Xia Zhou Li Jing Zhang Ruo Yu Wang Li Zhe An 《Journal of Plant Biology》2007,50(3):336-343
A novel late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) gene (AY804193), namedCbLEA, has now been isolated fromChorispora bungeana. This rare alpine subnival plant can survive sudden snowstorms and low temperatures. The full-lengthCbLEA is 842 bp, with an open reading frame encoding 169 ami no acids. The putative molecular weight ofCbLEA protein is 17.9 kDa, with an estimatedpl of 6.45. To investigate the functioning of thisCbLEA protein in cold-stress tolerance,CbLEA was introduced into tobacco under the control of the CaMV35S promoter. Second-generation (R1) transgenic tobacco plants exhibited significantly increased tolerance to cold. These transgenics maintained lower malondialdehyde
(MDA) contents and electrolyte leakage (EL) but their relative water content (RWC) was significantly higher compared with
non-transgenic plants under chilling stress. Further experimental results showed that non-transgenic plants had severe freezing
damage after exposure to -2°C for 1 h, whereas the transgenics suffered only slight injury under the same conditions. Moreover,
survival was longer in the latter genotype at that temperature. The extent of increased cold tolerance was positive correlated
with the level ofCbLEA protein accumulation, and was also reflected by the delayed development of damage symptoms. This indicates thatCbLEA is an excellent stress tolerance gene, and holds considerable potential as a new molecular tool for engineering improved
plant genetics. 相似文献
6.
The catalytic turnover of cytochrome P450
cam
from Pseudomonas putida requires two auxiliary reduction partners, putidaredoxin (Pd) and putidaredoxin reductase (PdR). We report the functional
expression in Escherichia coli of tricistronic constructs consisting of P450
cam
encoded by the first cistron and the auxiliary proteins, Pd and PdR by the second and the third. Transformed bacterial whole
cells efficiently oxidized (1R)-(+)-camphor to 5-exo-hydroxycamphor and, interestingly, limonene to (−)-perillyl alcohol. These bioengineered E. coli cells possess a heterologous self-sufficient P450 catalytic system that may have advantages in terms of low cost and high
yield for the production of fine chemicals.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
7.
Hydrogen exchange rates for backbone amide protons of oxidized Pseudomonas aeruginosa cytochrome c-551 (P. aeruginosa cytochrome c) have been measured in the presence of low concentrations of the denaturant guanidine hydrochloride. Analysis of the data
has allowed identification of submolecular unfolding units known as foldons. The highest-energy foldon bears similarity to
the proposed folding intermediate for P. aeruginosa cytochrome c. Parallels are seen to the foldons of the structurally homologous horse cytochrome c, although the heme axial methionine-bearing loop has greater local stability in P. aeruginosa cytochrome c, in accord with previous folding studies. Regions of low local stability are observed to correspond with regions that interact
with redox partners, providing a link between foldon properties and function.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
8.
The effect of different cadmium concentrations (6–120 μM) on Hill reaction activity (HRA) of isolated chloroplasts, contents
of chlorophylls (Chls) and carotenoids (Cars), and Cd uptake and accumulation in plant organs of Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. Vitasso) and mung bean [Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek] were determined. The Cd stress inhibited photochemical activity of isolated chloroplasts of both species and
in both tested developmental stages. On the basis of EC50 values, the mung bean showed a higher sensitivity to Cd treatment than Indian mustard. The higher sensitivity of both species
was determined in the earlier than in the older developmental stage. The leaves of Cd-treated plants possessed lower contents
of Chls and Cars in both species and the negative effect increased with Cd concentration. A difference between species was
also found in Cd uptake and accumulation. In both species, Cd was accumulated more in roots than in shoots, with higher accumulation
in Indian mustard than in mung bean. 相似文献
9.
Falk Zakrzewski Torsten Wenke Daniela Holtgräwe Bernd Weisshaar Thomas Schmidt 《BMC plant biology》2010,10(1):8
Background
Repetitive DNA is a major fraction of eukaryotic genomes and occurs particularly often in plants. Currently, the sequencing of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) genome is under way and knowledge of repetitive DNA sequences is critical for the genome annotation. We generated a c 0 t-1 library, representing highly to moderately repetitive sequences, for the characterization of the major B. vulgaris repeat families. While highly abundant satellites are well-described, minisatellites are only poorly investigated in plants. Therefore, we focused on the identification and characterization of these tandemly repeated sequences. 相似文献10.
Methylglyoxal is a kind of poisonous metabolite that can react with RNA, DNA and protein, which generally results in a number
of side advert effects to cell. Glyoxalase I is a member of glyoxalase system that can detoxify methylglyoxal. An EST encoding
a glyoxalase I was isolated from a SSH (suppression subtractive hybridization)-cDNA library of wheat spike inoculated by Fusarium graminearum. The corresponding full length gene, named TaGly I, was cloned, sequenced and characterized. Its genomic sequence consists of 2,719 bp, including seven exons and six introns,
and its coding sequence is 929 bp with an open reading frame encoding 291 amino acids. Sequence alignment showed that there
were two glyoxalase I domains in the deduced protein sequence. By using specific primers, TaGly I was mapped to chromosome 7D of wheat via a set of durum wheat ‘Langdon’ D-genome disomic-substitution lines. The result of
Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction demonstrated that TaGly I was induced by the inoculation of Fusarium graminearum in wheat spikes. Additionally, it was also induced by high concentration of NaCl and ZnCl2. When TaGly I was overexpressed in tobacco leaves via Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection, the transgenic tobacco showed stronger tolerance to ZnCl2 stress relative to transgenic control with GFP. The above facts indicated that TaGly I might play a role in response to diverse stresses in plants. 相似文献
11.
Wei Chen Kai Song Yirong Cai Wangfeng Li Bao Liu Lixia Liu 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2011,29(4):866-874
A hairpin RNA-encoding construct targeting gmFAD2-1 was transformed into soybean, and an optimised Agrobacterium-mediated embryonic tip system was employed. A novel intergeneric grafting method using transgenic plantlets as scions was
used instead of the conventional rooting method. Compared with traditional acclimatisation, the survival ratio of cleft grafts
increased by 70%, and the culture period was shortened by about 40 days. The regeneration frequency of the grafted shoots
in this embryonic tip system was approximately 74.6%. Soybean transformants were confirmed by Southern and Northern blot hybridisation
analyses. The fatty acid composition of the T1 and T2 seeds from the transformed plants was determined by gas chromatography. The resulting downregulation of the gmFAD2-1 gene substantially increased the level of oleic acid from 16% to 55% as indicated by the oleic desaturation proportion (ODP).
The ratio of plants with high ODP, moderate ODP and low ODP was about 1:2:1, which was consistent with a single-gene segregation
pattern. 相似文献
12.
Mohsin Abbas Zaidi Gongyin Ye Hongwei Yao Taek H. You Evelin Loit Donald H. Dean Sheikh Riazuddin Illimar Altosaar 《Molecular biotechnology》2009,43(3):232-242
Nucleotide sequence encoding the truncated insecticidal Cry1Ca1 protein from Bacillus thuringiensis was extensively modified based on the codon usage of rice genes. The overall G + C contents of the synthetic cry1Ca1 coding sequence were raised to 65% with an additional bias of enriching for G and C ending codons as preferred by monocots.
The synthetic gene was introduced into the Chinese japonica variety, Xiushui 11, by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic rice plants harboring this gene were highly resistant to Chilo
suppressalis and Spodoptera litura larvae as revealed by insect bioassays. High levels of Cry1Ca1 protein were obtained in the leaves of transgenic rice, which
were effective in achieving 100% mortality of S. litura and C. suppressalis larvae. The levels of Cry1Ca1 expression in the leaves of these transgenic plants were up to 0.34% of the total soluble proteins.
The larvae of C. suppressalis and S.
litura could consume a maximum of 1.89 and 4.89 mm2 of transgenic leaf area whereas the consumption of non-transgenic leaves by these larvae was significantly higher; 58.33 and
61.22 mm2, respectively. Analysis of R1 transgenic plants indicated that the cry1Ca1 was inherited by the progeny plants and provided complete protection against C. suppressalis and S.
litura larvae. 相似文献
13.
E. M. Mamontova V. A. Velikov I. V. Volokhina M. I. Chumakov 《Russian Journal of Genetics》2010,46(4):501-504
A transfer DNA (T-DNA) carrying the marker gene nptII was detected in the genomes of diploid and haploid maize plants obtained after the treatment of pistil filaments with a
suspension of Agrobacterium during artificial pollination. PCR analysis of total DNA isolated from 155 canamycin-resistant diploid F1 seedlings revealed
T-DNA insertions in the genomes of 111 plants (32.7% of the total number of analyzed seeds). The example of matroclinal haploids
was used to demonstrate that T-DNA may be transported to the egg cell by the growing pollen tube (PT). Twelve out of 16 analyzed
haploid plants contained the T-DNA insertion. The possible mechanism of the transfer of the Agrobacterium T-DNA to the maize genome during pollination is discussed. 相似文献
14.
An efficient somatic embryogenesis system for Physalis pubescens L. (husk tomato) was developed prior to transformation. Subsequently, cotyledonary explants of P. pubescens were transformed with a chimeric construct containing an iaaM gene from driven by the fruit-specific promoter 2A12 to develop parthenocarpic fruits. Following selection of explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing containing
75 mg l−1 kanamycin (Km), 36 km-resistant callus clusters were recovered, and these were regenerated into whole plants. Expression
of the iaaM gene was detected in confirmed transgenic fruits. The 0.9-kb 2A12 promoter was capable of directing expression of the introduced iaaM gene in transgenic P. pubescens fruits, but iaaM expression was absent from both leaves and flowers. Quantitative measurements of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content during
fruit development indicated that the IAA levels in transgenic lines increased from anthesis through young fruits and peaked
at fruit maturity. On average, IAA contents in transgenic fruits were two-fold higher than those in control fruits. Under
greenhouse condition, vegetative growth, morphology, and the flowering of transgenic plants were comparable to those of control
plants. However, the fruits of transgenic lines ripened earlier and had fewer seeds per fruit than did control plants. 相似文献
15.
Xu Ming Yin Pedro S. C. F. Rocha Man Ling Wang Yu Xin Zhu Luo Ye Li Shu Feng Song Xinjie Xia 《Journal of Plant Biology》2011,54(3):180-189
Rice gene Oryza sativa Drought Stress Response-1 (OsDSR-1) was one of the genes identified to be responsive to drought stress in the panicle of rice at booting and heading stages
by both microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses. OsDSR-1 encodes a putative calcium-binding protein, and its overexpression in Arabidopsis rendered transgenic plants to produce much shorter lateral roots (LRs) than wild-type (WT) plants in the medium supplemented
with abscisic acid (ABA), suggesting that OsDSR-1 may act as a positive regulator during the process of ABA inhibition of LR development. No significant difference was observed
in the total LR length between WT and transgenic plants in the media with the increase of only osmotic stress caused by NaCl,
LiCl, and mannitol, while transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings appeared to produce larger root systems with longer total LR lengths under high-potassium conditions than WT seedlings.
Further analysis showed that external Ca2+ was required for the production of larger root systems, indicating that the promotion by OsDSR-1 of the LR development of transgenic Arabidopsis seemed to occur in a Ca2+-dependent manner under high-potassium conditions. We propose that OsDSR-1 may function as a calcium sensor of the signal transduction pathway controlling the LR development under high-potassium conditions. 相似文献
16.
The macrolide antibiotics are biosynthesized by initial assembly of a macrolactone ring, followed by a series of post-polyketide
(PKS) modifications. In general, the additional hydroxyl or epoxy groups are installed by cytochrome P450 enzymes, improving
the bioactivity profile through structural diversification of natural products. The biosynthetic gene cluster for the 16-membered
macrolide antibiotic dihydrochalcomycin (DHC) has been cloned from Streptomyces sp. KCTC 0041BP. Three cytochrome P450 genes are found in the DHC biosynthetic gene (ger) cluster. Two P450 enzymes were characterized from this cluster. Disruption of gerPI accumulated predominantly 12,13-de-epoxydihydrochalcomycin while disruption of gerPII accumulated 8-dehydroxy-12,13-de-epoxydihydrochalcomycin; DHC production was abolished in both cases. The results suggest
that GerPII P450 catalyzes hydroxylation at the C8 position followed by an epoxidation reaction catalyzed by GerPI P450 at the C12–C13 position. 相似文献
17.
Lisianthus [Eustoma grandiflorum (Raf.) Shinn] is a popular cut flower crop throughout the world, and the demand for this plant for cut flowers and potted
plants has been increasing worldwide. Recent advances in genetic engineering have enabled the transformation and regeneration
of plants to become a powerful tool for improvement of lisianthus. We have established a highly efficient plant regeneration
system and Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of E. grandiflorum. The greatest shoot regeneration frequency and number of shoot buds per explant are observed on media supplemented with 6-Benzylaminopurine
(BAP) and α-Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). We report an efficient plant regeneration system using leaf explants via organogenesis
with high efficiency of transgenic plants (15%) in culture of 11 weeks’ duration. Further ectopic expression of two MADS box
genes, LMADS1-M from lily (Lilium longiflorum) and OMADS1 from orchid (Oncidium Gower Ramsey), was performed in E. grandiflorum. Conversion of second whorl petals into sepal-like structures and alteration of third whorl stamen formation were observed
in the transgenic E. grandiflorum plants ectopically expressing 35S::LMADS1-M. 35S::OMADS1 transgenic E. grandiflorum plants flowered significantly earlier than non-transgenic plants. This is the first report on the ectopic expression of two
MADS box genes in E. grandiflorum using a simple and highly efficient gene transfer protocol. Our results reveal the potential for floral modification in E. grandiflorum through genetic transformation. 相似文献
18.
Maíra N. Santos Paula M. Nogueira Fernando B. S. Dias Denise Valle Luciano A. Moreira 《Transgenic research》2010,19(6):1129-1135
Vector-born diseases cause millions of deaths every year globally. Alternatives for the control of diseases such as malaria
and dengue fever are urgently needed and the use of transgenic mosquitoes that block parasite/virus is a sound strategy to
be used within control programs. However, prior to use transgenic mosquitoes as control tools, it is important to study their
fitness since different biological aspects might influence their ability to disseminate and compete with wild populations.
We previously reported the construction of four transgenic Aedes fluviatilis mosquito lines expressing a Plasmodium- blocking molecule (mutated bee venom phospholipase A2–mPLA2). Presently we studied two aspects of their fitness: body size, that has been used as a fitness-related status, and the expression
of major enzymes classes involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics, including insecticides. Body size analysis (recorded by
geometric wing morphometrics) indicated that both male and female mosquitoes were larger than the non-transgenic counterparts,
suggesting that this characteristic might have an impact on their overall fitness. By contrast, no significant difference
in the activity of enzymes related to metabolic insecticide resistance was detected in transgenic mosquitoes. The implication
on fitness advantage of these features, towards the implementation of this strategy, is further discussed. 相似文献
19.
Guangying Ma Guogui Ning Wei Zhang Jing Zhan Haiyan Lv Manzhu Bao 《Plant Molecular Biology Reporter》2011,29(3):573-581
FBP21 is one of the SOC1-like genes isolated from Petunia hybrida. Based on sequence analysis, FPB21 is suggested to have a role in promoting flowering. In this study, FBP21 was expressed in a tobacco host plant under the control of the CaMV 35S promoter. Our results showed that the transgene accelerated flowering, i.e. the transgenic plants flowered just 3 months
after germination, in comparison to the wild-type tobacco which flowered after 5 months. Plant morphology was also affected,
with the transgenic tobacco plants developing at least five robust lateral branches, while the control plants generally had
just three. Total leaf area was significantly reduced in the transgenic tobacco compared to wild-type tobacco. By contrast,
there was no significant difference between transgenic and control plants for the total number of flowers or fruits. Thus,
the flower or fruit yield expressed per unit leaf area was higher in transgenic tobacco than in wild-type plants. Semi-quantitative
RT-PCR analysis indicated that overexpression of FBP21 in tobacco resulted in the up-regulation of some flowering-related genes. The results of this study in tobacco indicate that
the Petunia FBP21 gene may permit the engineering of early-flowering and short-growth habits without compromising flower or fruit yields. 相似文献
20.
G. Mirzaghaderi G. Karimzadeh H. S. Hassani M. Jalali-Javaran A. Baghizadeh 《Biologia Plantarum》2010,54(2):252-258
The new salt tolerant cereal, Tritipyrum (2n=6x=42, AABBEbEb) offers potential to introduce desirable characters for wheat improvements. This study was aimed to generate a segregating
population from Iranian local wheat cultivars (2n=6x=42, AABBDD) and Tritipyrum crosses, study of the meiotic behaviour in F2 hybrids and identification of Eb chromosomes in F3 individuals. Results showed meiotic abnormalities in F2 plants and different pairing frequency in the meiosis among F2 plants. Genomic in situ hybridization revealed that total and Eb chromosome number of F3 seeds ranged from 39 to 45 and 0 to 10, respectively. A significant prevalence of hyper-aneuploidy was observed among F3 genotypes. C-banding patterns identified Eb chromosomes in Tritipyrum, indicating that it also can be useful to study wheat-Tritipyrum derivatives. 相似文献