STUDIES ON OXALIC ACID OXIDASE IN GREEN LEAVES

1. The leaves of Chenopodium ambrosioides L. were found to havean intense activity of oxalic acid oxidase. The enzyme was locatedin the chloroplast, being firmly hound to its structure. 2. Properties of this chloroplast oxalic acid oxidase were described.The strict aerobic nature and the stoichiometry of the reactionwere confirmed. 3. Isolation of the enzyme from chloroplasts was performed,rupturing the chloroplasts with a French pressure cell or usingpyridine-water (1:1) as an extracting medium. 4. The enzyme was found to contain flavine and its activitywas enhanced in the presence of flavine added. Accordingly,the enzyme was inferred to be a flavine enzyme. (Received December 23, 1963; )     

山梨糖发酵产生2—酮基—L—古龙酸氮源代谢规律

对山梨糖发酵产生2-酮基-L-古龙酸氮源代谢规律进行了初步研究。通过对这一混合发酵体系蛋白和尿素代谢的研究表明,氮源代谢与单一菌体发酵相比有其特殊性,主要表现在尿素的加入有两个作用,即作为生理碱性物质调节体系pH和为菌体代谢提供部分氮源,而体系的蛋白含量随发酵时间的延续不断增加,其增加的原因是巨大芽孢杆菌由营养体转变成芽孢所致,这是该发酵体系的特点。本文还对该发酵体系各种氨基酸变化规律进行了讨论,将一共17种氨基酸按其变化规律分成了三类,较好地解释了各种氨基酸的变化情况,为进一步深入研究该体系的动力学特性提供了数据基础。     

2-萘酸细菌代谢途径的研究

采用质粒消除、转座子Tn10插入突变和回复突变等试验方法证实了2-萘酸细菌代谢途径中邻苯二酸环节的存在,探讨了2-萘酸代谢菌2-NAT菌株对2-萘酸代谢的调控机制。发现该菌至少带有一个质粒,该菌的2-萘酸代谢途径由质粒和染色体DNA共同编码控制。     

水生维管束植物受镉污染后的生理变化及受害机制初探

镉污染后的水生维管束植物其叶绿素a/b值随水体镉浓度的增加而下降,叶绿素含量与镉浓度呈极显著的负相关。叶细胞膜透性与镉浓度呈极显著的正相关。不同抗性种叶片可溶性糖含量均随镉浓度增加而升高,但抗性种的增加率要小得多。镉对根系脱氢酶的活性产生抑制,且随镉浓度升高,活性相应下降。对过氧化物酶同工酶谱也产生明显的影响。这些在环境监测中可作为生理指标。凝胶层析表明,具有抗性的凤眼莲的可溶性成分中,存在着高分子镉复合物(>70,000)、分子量为13,300的镉复合物和低分子量镉螯合物及游离态镉。不抗种的紫背萍缺乏第二种镉复合物。     

STUDIES ON PROTEIN METABOLISM IN HIGHER PLANTS IV. CHANGES IN PROTEIN COMPONENTS IN DETACHED LEAVES OF TOBACCO

Soluble protein fractions from tobacco leaves before and aftercuring were compared. The results of Sephadex G-200 or G-75chromatography and immunological experiments showed that theamount of larger molecular weight proteins diminished or greatlydecreased and that smaller molecular weight proteins accumulatedduring 3 days at 40 and 90% humidity after excision of theleaves from the stem. Fraction I, which was the largest proteinin the leaf extract and occupied about one-half of the solubleprotein before curing, was not found in the proteins after curing.On the contrary, the proteins contained in II-4 fraction, whichwere supposed to have smaller molecular weights, increased three-foldduring the curing. The origin of the smaller proteins was discussed. (Received May 11, 1967; )     

STUDIES ON AMINO ACID LEVELS AND PROTEIN METABOLISM IN THE BRAINS OF GALACTOSE-INTOXICATED CHICKS1

Abstract— Levels of free amino acids, profiles of polyribosomes, and rates of protein synthesis and degradation were examined in the brains of chicks fed toxic levels of galactose. The content of a number of amino acids were altered; alanine and leucine were most strikingly depressed, whereas levels of aspartate were elevated. Polyribosomal profiles were unaltered. There appeared to be no detrimental effect on protein synthesis as judged by in vivo incorporation of L-[U-¹⁴C]leucine and L-[guanidino-¹⁴C]arginine. Likewise, the half-lives of proteins, measured by the loss of L-[guanidino-¹⁴C]arginine, were similar in experimental and control groups. In contrast, initial rates of incorporation of [³H]glucosamine into glycoproteins were enhanced. The effect was greatest in the microsomal fraction and typically 50 per cent greater than controls. Levels of free glucosamine and protein-bound hexosamine were essentially unaltered in the galactose-fed chicks.     

STUDIES ON PROTEIN METABOLISM IN HIGHER PLANTS. III. CHANGES IN THE SOLUBLE PROTEIN COMPONENTS WITH LEAF GROWTH

Water soluble protein was extracted from tobacco leaves (BrightYellow) and fractionated through chromatographic and immunochemicalprocedures. Six different UV-absorbing components, 7 antigeniccomponents, and 4 enzyme activities (phosphatase, protease,peroxidase and RNase) were detected on the Sephadex chromatogramsof leaf extracts. An UV-absorbing fraction, Fr. I-2, (immunochemicallydesignated as Pr. Imm-I) corresponded to the known "FractionI " of S. G. WILDMAN. The contents of the three antigenic components,Imm-a, Imm-b and Imm-c, having estimated molecular weights of1 to 2 10⁵, showed significant fluctuations during growthof the leaves. Peroxidase and another antigenic component (Imm-f)of smaller molecular weight showed increase with age of theleaves. Properties of the protein components thus detected wereinvestigated. (Received May 11, 1967; )     

海蟾夏眠的代谢生理研究

许多两栖的脊椎动物在干早缺水或者食物不足时埋藏在泥土里休眠。例如,肺鱼能在泥茧里不取食与饮水而生存数年之久(Delaney等,1977),生活在沙漠地带的两栖类能埋藏在沙土里数月以躲避干旱,海蟾(Bufo marinus)能埋藏在沙里克服短时间的缺水,而以露在空气中的鼠孔进行呼吸(Boutilier等,1979)。 海蟾在失水时,经皮肤排出的二氧化碳减少;但是,失水而尚未埋藏在沙里的海蟾,