海藻糖微生物酶法合成机制的研究*

来源于嗜酸热古菌芝田硫化叶菌 (Sulfolobusshibatae)B1 2的麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合酶(MTSase)和麦芽寡糖基海藻糖海藻糖水解酶 (MTHase)基因在大肠杆菌中获得表达。将获得纯化的两个酶 ,分别以麦芽寡糖和淀粉为转化底物 ,在pH5 5 ,6 0℃条件下合成海藻糖。从反应产物分析结果可知 ,两个酶合成海藻糖时能利用的最小底物是麦芽四糖 ,海藻糖产率与麦芽寡糖链长正相关。同时还发现两个酶都具有轻微的α 1 ,4 葡萄糖苷酶活性 ,能在麦芽寡糖还原末端水解α 1 ,4糖苷键     

定向进化提高来源于Arthrobacter ramosus的MTHase的热稳定性

麦芽寡糖基海藻糖水解酶(mahosyhrehalose hydrolase,MTHase)是以淀粉或麦芽糊精为底物制备海藻糖的关键酶之一.来源于Arthrobacter ramosus的MTHase,表达量好,比活高,但热稳定性差,限制了其工业化应用.采用定向进化技术,筛选得到L137M和A216T两个突变体,在60℃...     

海藻糖微生物酶法合成机制的研究

来源于嗜酸热古菌芝田硫化叶菌(Sulfolobus shibatae)B12的麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合酶(MTSase)和麦芽寡糖基海藻糖海藻糖水解酶(MTHase)基因在大肠杆菌中获得表达。将获得纯化的两个酶,分别以麦芽寡糖和淀粉为转化底物,在pH5.5,60℃条件下合成海藻糖。从反应产物分析结果可知,两个酶合成海藻糖时能利用的最小底物是麦芽四糖,海藻糖产率与麦芽寡糖链长正相关。同时还发现两个酶都具有轻微的α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶活性,能在麦芽寡糖还原末端水解α-1,4糖苷键,生成葡萄糖分子,其反应最小底物分别是麦芽三糖和四糖。推测海藻糖合成酶可能有两个不同的催化活性中心。     

来源于玫瑰微球菌的麦芽寡糖基海藻糖水解酶基因在大肠杆菌中的融合表达

设计引物克隆玫瑰微球菌QS412中麦芽寡糖基海藻糖水解酶(MTHase)的基因treZ,通过与pET-28a( )载体相连,转化入宿主菌E.coli BL21,进行发酵诱导。通过SDS-PAGE检测到外源基因在大肠杆菌中有很高的MTHase表达量,但大部分都以不溶性包含体形式存在。对菌体超声破碎全菌液检测酶活,结果显示了水解酶酶活。这是来源于微球菌属的麦芽寡糖基海藻糖水解酶首次获得基因克隆和活性表达,为进一步提高酶活、增大海藻糖产量奠定了基础。     

嗜酸热硫化叶菌麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合酶基因的克隆和表达

麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合酶( Maltodigosyltrehalose synthase;MTSase)是近年来在一些微生物中发现的新型分子内糖苷转移酶,能将淀粉或淀粉部分水解物(大于3个葡糖基)的糖链还原末端的α-1,4糖苷键转化为α-1,1糖苷键,生成具海藻糖末端结构的产物[1],如下所示: Gn为聚合度n(n＞3)的麦芽寡糖,Gn-2-T为麦芽寡糖基海藻糖,-T为海藻糖基.     

黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的条件优化

研究采用响应面法优化黑曲霉固态发酵生产单宁酶的培养条件。应用Plackett—Burman试验筛选出重要影响因子：五倍子粉含量、（NH4）2SO4浓度以及接种孢子量,最陡爬坡试验逼近最大响应区域。应用Box．Behnken响应面试验对重要影响因子进一步优化。得到最佳培养条件：每250mL三角瓶中装入1．0g五倍子粉、4．4g稻壳和0．5g麸皮、液固比（mL／g）2：1且营养盐溶液组成为（NH4）2s0421g/L、MgSO4·7H2O1g／L、NaCl1g／L,培养基pH自然,接种5．7×10^7个孢子后在30℃温度下培养4d。在此条件下,单宁酶产量从40U／g提高到114U／g,3次重复验证性试验平均值为115U／g,验证了模型的可靠性。     

一株海藻糖合成酶产生菌的鉴定及产酶条件优化

目的对一株海洋来源的产海藻糖合成酶菌株进行鉴定及产酶条件的初步优化。方法通过16SrDNA基因序列的同源性分析,对一株来源于东海海水的海藻糖合成酶产生菌进行鉴定,并通过单因素分析初步研究其培养特性和最佳的发酵条件。结果该菌16SrDNA序列与GenBank中已知序列相比,最高相似度为100％,鉴定为假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）,命名为Pseudomonassp．A50。其最佳碳源和氮源分别为2％麦芽糖和0．5％酵母膏,最佳NaCl浓度为2．5％,在初始pH7．8,接种量1％,装液量125mL／250mL,28℃,130r／min发酵48h,海藻糖合成酶活力达到最高。结论此产海藻糖合成酶菌株为假单胞菌属,优化后,海藻糖合成酶活力达到14．16U／mL。     

酿酒酵母培养基中主要因素对海藻糖积累的影响

在对实验室保藏菌种Saccharomyces cerevisiae HY01优化前的摇瓶发酵观察的基础上,采用单因子与响应曲面相结合的实验设计方法研究了酿酒酵母培养基中的初始葡萄糖浓度、无机氮源硫酸铵浓度、酵母浸出粉浓度、碳源与无饥氮源的交互作用以及无机盐和微量元素浓度对海藻糖积累的影响。实验证明碳氮源交互作用明显,并得到了以上各因素的最优值,即初始葡萄糖浓度为20g／L,(NH4)2SO4浓度为4．5g／L,酵母浸出粉浓度为5g／L,微量元素溶液5．0ml／L;硫酸镁0．3g／L;磷酸氢二钠3．67g／L;磷酸二氢钾0．76g／L时,酿酒酵母中海藻糖的干重含量可以达到14．74％,比优化前海藻糖的干重含量12．24％提高了20．41％．     

枯草芽孢杆菌产β-甘露聚糖酶固体发酵条件的优化

芽孢杆菌是产甘露聚糖酶的优良菌株,首次研究芽孢杆菌固体发酵条件的优化。以天然麸皮作为基本原料,研究利用枯草芽孢杆菌WY34固体发酵生产β-片露聚糖酶的发酵条件。最佳固体发酵培养条件为：麸皮5g,初始水分含量71％,初始pH7．0,接种量为2mL,1％Tween-80,0.4g魔芋粉,培养温度50℃。在最适条件下培养5d,甘露聚糖酶酶活高达7,650U／g干基,是未优化前酶活的2．78倍。     

Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC 33909麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合成酶在Bacillus subtilis中的重组表达和发酵优化

为实现Sulfolobus acidocaldarius ATCC 33909来源的麦芽寡糖基海藻糖合成酶(MTSase)基因tre Y在枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)中的重组表达,以质粒p ET-24a(+)-tre Y为模板PCR扩增得到目的基因,并与表达载体pHY300PLK连接,转入表达宿主Bacillus subtilis CCTCC M 2016536中,重组菌在TB培养基中培养48 h后MTSase酶活达到17.5 U/m L;在此基础上对重组菌发酵条件进行优化,通过单因素实验(氮源种类、氮源复配、氮源浓度、碳源种类、葡萄糖浓度、初始pH、诱导温度)和正交实验(氮源浓度、葡萄糖浓度、初始pH、诱导温度)确定其摇瓶发酵产酶的最适培养基和培养条件为:氮源(工业蛋白胨∶棉籽粉=3∶1)48.0 g/L、葡萄糖为10.0 g/L、培养基初始pH为7.0,最适培养温度为30℃;在此条件下,MTSase的酶活可达41.5 U/m L,是优化前的2.4倍。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.