木薯种茎活力的生理生化鉴评指标研究

以4种人工老化程度的‘华南8号’和‘南植199’木薯种茎为材料, 开展正常供水和干旱胁迫两种条件下的种茎发芽与幼苗生长试验, 同时测定种茎的生理生化指标。主成分分析获得不同老化程度种茎的活力综合得分; 由活力综合得分与生理生化指标的相关性分析, 找出遴选种茎活力的高效鉴评指标, 为木薯种茎处理及贮藏提供一定的理论依据。结果表明: 华南8号和南植199种茎活力综合得分均与其可溶性蛋白含量呈显著负相关, 与其淀粉含量呈显著正相关, 南植199种茎活力综合得分还与其脯氨酸含量呈极显著负相关。综评推荐淀粉含量和可溶性蛋白含量作为木薯种茎活力的鉴评指标; 木薯种茎可溶性蛋白含量较低、淀粉含量较高, 则其活力较高。     

黄桃罐头色泽分类及感官嗜好性分析研究

黄桃罐头营养丰富,是我国第二大出口罐头产品,但是其颜色差异较大。采用目视比色法,以潘通色卡为参比物,由10位训练型评价员选择和黄桃罐头颜色相对应的潘通色卡号,然后再用色差仪检测黄桃罐头的Lab值,利用聚类分析将其分为四类:金黄色、黄色、淡黄色、暗黄色。然后由有一定黄桃罐头消费习惯的人进行了系统的食品感官评价测试,旨在了解特定消费群体对不同颜色的黄桃罐头的嗜好性特点。得到的实验结果如下:(1)根据有经验型评价员将黄桃罐头色泽分为四类:金黄色、黄色、浅黄色、暗黄色。(2)初步得出这四类颜色对应的潘通色卡L值、b值范围和G值、B值范围。(3)人们对于金黄色和黄色的桃罐头印象会更好一些,认为其风味较好。     

魔芋仿生椰果罐头的研制

以魔芋膳食纤维、海藻酸钠、木薯淀粉为主要原料,研制一种富含膳食纤维的魔芋仿生椰果罐头。通过试验确定了魔芋仿生椰果罐头的最佳配方和工艺参数：魔芋膳食纤维3%、海藻酸钠03%、木薯淀粉08%、糖酸比35。在此条件下生产出的魔芋仿生椰果质地均匀、表面光洁、口感好。     

罐头玉米笋的氨基酸分析

<正> 近年来,在国际上除甜玉米罐头外,又流行玉米笋罐头(cut young corn)、玉米笋又称珍珠笋、这种新产品是刚长出的玉米雌穗,经过盐水煮熟后经高压灭菌制成罐头,可以整条作西餐的配莱,也可以切片作中餐的炒菜,其味可口,有玉兰片或竹笋片的味道,颇受中外人士的欢迎。随业我国玉米的大丰收,过剩玉米的出     

蛤贝原汁罐头和小食品的制造

将四脚贝和杂色蛤原汤汁进行浓缩后再调味,制成罐头和小食品口味浓郁、汤汁清白、块形整齐。     

绿海拾贝

水果脱皮素 在加工罐头时,大多数水果需要脱皮。脱皮工艺是水果罐头工业必不可少的一道工序。水果脱皮通常采用的方法有手工、机械和烧碱法三种。这三种方法存在工效差、果肉损失大、原料利用率低、观感不好、成本高等缺点。因此研究新的水果脱皮技术,是食品罐头工业亟待解决的大难题。 近年来,虽然国内外果蔬脱皮工艺取得了一些进展,但仍不够理想。中国科学院成都生物研究所的     

广东鉴江口与湛江港的桡足类

一、绪言 广东珠江三角洲及其附近的各河口均盛产“虾春”,并成为当地的特种渔业。雷州半岛的鉴江口是“虾春”的主要产地之一。“虾春”的主要组成部分是浮游甲壳动物中的桡足类。鉴江口桡足类的组成与分布情况如何,在过去尚无人报导。为了今后对河口或港口的浮游动物进行生态研究,或幼鱼的食料分析,首先需要作好定性研究,作为基础。由于这些方面的要求和目的,中国科学院海洋研究所南海分所的浮游生物研究组的同志们,曾从1961年4月起到1962年3月止,对鉴江口及湛江港的桡足类进行了每月一次的野外调查工作。在鉴江口设A、B、C三点,湛江港只设一D点,依次采取水样。     

农杆菌质粒DNA的间接酶切鉴定

采用常规手段提酶切鉴定法,与普通大肠杆菌质粒小量抽提试剂盒提取农杆菌质粒酶切鉴定法(简称试剂盒法)和农杆菌质粒反导大肠杆菌间接酶切鉴定法(简称间接法)进行对比,发现本试验创新的试剂盒法和间接法可轻松做酶切鉴定,可为农杆菌质粒DNA提取经验不足者参考.     

铁皮石斛产品质量影响因素分析及发展对策

铁皮石斛是我国传统中药材,近年来产业发展迅猛,然而市场产品质量参差不齐,价格混乱,市场鱼龙混杂。针对铁皮石斛产品质量的问题,本文综述影响产品质量的主要因素,针对种源、种植、采收、加工等展开了剖析。为了确保产品质量,应加强产学研融合,建立种源、品系、新品种的评价鉴定体系,规范种植、采收、加工流程,建立产品分级标准,加强产品质量检测,进而为铁皮石斛产业的可持续发展提供保障。     

我国杏的种质资源及其开发利用

引言杏原产我国,有着丰富的种质资源,其果实色泽鲜艳,风味甘美,营养丰富,不仅可生食而且可加工成杏干、杏脯、杏酱、杏汁、杏罐头和杏茶等,杏仁可入药,并可加工成杏仁露、杏仁罐头,甜杏仁(合VB_17)可生食,并有很好的防癌保健作用。杏花期早,是供观赏、美化环境以及很好的蜜源植物。此外,杏的抗逆性强,是防风固沙和保持水土的好树     

黄土高原区域农业生态系统环境质量评价

在监测分析基础上,运用多级模糊综合评判模型及改进的标准赋权与层次分析相结合的权重确定方法,对黄土高原沟壑区果农型农业生态系统的单要素环境质量(包括土壤、径流水体、农副产品、社会经济环境及生态环境)和总体环境质量进行了评价,结果表明,土壤、径流水体、农副产品质量状况均为Ⅰ级;社会经济环境质量为Ⅱ级;生态环境质量为Ⅲ级;总体环境质量为Ⅰ级,单从生态效益角度来看,果农型农业生态系统并不是最佳选择,但其社会经济效益相对较好。     

Immunochemical characterization of commercial protease products

Total protease activity at pH 7 and 10.3 of 23 commercial grade enzymes was determined. The type and amount of enzymatic activity varied widely among the products. The wide variation in pH 7.0/pH 10.3 proteolytic activity ratios among products indicated that the products studied contained differing levels of alkaline and neutral proteases. Antisera were prepared against the purified enzyme in detergent grade Enzyme AP, neutral protease from B. megaterium, detergent grade ALK Enzyme, and Thermolysin. The commercial (unpurified) products were classified as neutral subtilopeptidase A and subtilopeptidase B from three Bacillus species using these antisera. It was concluded that standard immunochemical techniques provide rapid and sensitive methods for the preliminary identification of sources and types of proteases present in commercial enzyme products.     

哮喘豚鼠肺内SP受体分布的免疫组织化学研究

为探讨哮喘豚鼠肺内SP受体（SPR）的表达[及分布,将豚鼠分成哮喘组和对照组,利用SPR特异性抗血清,免疫组织化学ABC法,葡萄糖氧化酶-DAB-镍染色和计算机图象分析技术。结果显示;与对照组相比,哮喘豚鼠肺内支气管至终末细支气管SPR免疫反应（SPR-IR）阳性产物显浓密,以平滑肌层和粘膜层为。此外,在哮喘组豚鼠而不是对照组豚鼠的呼吸性细支气管壁也有SPR-IR阳性分布。结果表明：SPR表达上调在哮喘的发病过程中起一定作用。     

MB/光化学处理对人IgGFT-IR谱和活性的影响初步分析

亚甲基蓝（ｍｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅｂｌｕｅ,ＭＢ）与可见光结合最近在临床上被尝试用来灭活单袋血浆中的病毒,它具有高效,安全,简便,毒性很低等特点。可大大降低因输血造成的病毒病传播的可能性。亚甲基蓝作为光敏染料不可逆的插入病毒核酸,诱导断裂缺口产生,导致病毒功能和遗传结构基础破坏,作者同时观察了血浆中丙种免疫球蛋白在光化学处理前后的二级结构改变。通过傅立叶转换红外光谱分析结果显示,ＭＢ／光处理后的丙种免疫球蛋白在处理前后没有明显的结构改变,二级结构基本保持完整。     

缙云山大头茶幼苗种群构件结构及与环境因子的多元分析

基于构件理论,采用灰色关联度分析技术,对四川缙云山１９８９年风灾迹地林窗内大头茶（Ｇｏｒｄｏｎｉａａｃｕｍｅｎａｔａ）幼苗种群构件结构及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明,四川缙云山大头茶幼苗种群构件结构主要分为一级枝、二级枝、当年生枝、空间结构、叶片等几大部分,分别可以以一级枝数或茎粗或长度、二级枝数或基粗或长度、当年生枝数、３年生一级枝数、总叶数等的变化特征来表达其动态特点。前四者间的相关性亦很高,后者（包括主茎上叶面积）和主茎上第一一级枝离地面高、主茎上第一叶距地高为比较稳定的特征,受其它生态因子作用影响不十分显著。相对而言,土壤全Ｎ、全Ｐ、全Ｋ、有机质含量及其ｐＨ值是比较关键的环境因子;而海拔高度和林自大小及地形坡度却比较次要。灰色关联度分析不失为一种比较简捷而有效的分析植物种群构件结构特征间及与环境因子间关系的方法。关键词     

AN ELECTRICAL TESTING METHOD FOR THE DETECTION OF LISTERIA SPECIES IN CONFECTIONERY PRODUCTS

An electrical testing method for the detection of Listeria spp. in confectionery products and associated raw materials was developed in which samples can be negatively screened within 48h. The method involves a 24h resuscitation in Listeria enrichment broth followed by a 24h test in a Bactometer M128 using a broth (Claremont broth) developed from Oxford agar. The comparative study involved analysis of 511 samples (chocolate, dairy, cereal, nut and fruit products) tested by the Interim Australian Standard method (AS) and the Bactometer method (BM). The sensitivity and specificity of the BM for samples §1 Listeria/g was 100% and 99.8%, respectively, when compared to the AS method. When samples containing < 1 Listeria/g sample were added to the analysis, the sensitivity and specificity marginally dropped (98.3% and 99.6%). The electrical capacitance method is rapid and easy to perform, with a negative result being available within 48h making it a viable tool in a positive release QA program in food manufacturing factories.     

Laccase-catalyzed carbon–nitrogen bond formation: coupling and derivatization of unprotected <Emphasis Type="SmallCaps">l</Emphasis>-phenylalanine with different <Emphasis Type="Italic">para</Emphasis>-hydroquinones

Unprotected l-phenylalanine was derivatized by an innovative enzymatic method by means of laccases from Pycnoporus cinnabarinus and Myceliophthora thermophila. During the incubation of l-phenylalanine with para-hydroquinones using laccase as biocatalyst, one or two main products were formed. Dependent on the substitution grade of the hydroquinones mono- and diaminated products were detected. Differences of the used laccases are discussed. The described reactions are of interest for the derivatization of amino acids and a synthesis of pharmacological-active amino acid structures in the field of white biotechnology.     

天然产物中的糖含量测定方法正确性的研究

通过蒽酮-硫酸法和苯酚-硫酸法,采用不同的标准单糖以及不同的单糖组成比来测定天然产物中的糖含量,得到一种比较准确性高的方法,即按多糖中单糖组成比为标准来测定。     

从蝉壳制备壳聚糖

以蝉壳为原料制备甲壳素和壳聚糖,研究并提出了适合蝉壳的脱色条件,所得产物为白色片状,脱乙酰度大于９０％。     

SENSORY PROFILES OF THE MOST COMMON SALMON PRODUCTS ON THE DANISH MARKET

The sensory profiles of the most common chilled and frozen salmon products available to consumers on the Danish market were studied. A sensory profiling was made on 12 salmon products varying in salmon species, origin, storage method and time. Samples stored in ice between 7 and 16 days, frozen for 1 month or stored in modified atmosphere for 5 days all had sensory profiles dominated by sea/seaweed odor, juicy and oily texture, fresh fish oil, and sweet and mushroom flavor. Marked differences in the sensory profiles of the frozen samples were found to correlate to differences in storage time. Frozen storage for 6 months resulted in firm texture, discolored appearance and rancid flavor. The samples stored in modified atmosphere for 7 days had a sensory profile with marked rancid and sour odor.