共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
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普通小麦×根茎冰草×黑麦三属杂种自交可育性的细胞学机理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
普通小麦(TriticumaetivumL.,2n=6x=42;AABBDD)和根茎冰草(AgropyronmichnoiReshev.,2n=4x=28;PPPP)间的F1杂种(2n=5x=35:ABDPP)与两个黑麦(SecalecerealeL.,2n=2x=14;RR)品种杂交,产生了自交可育的三属杂种。经细胞学研究表明,这种自交可育性是由于在某些细胞中通过两种方式发生了第一次减数分裂的失败,即单价染色体在赤道板发生分裂和单价染色体在一极的聚集,从而异致了有功能的雌、雄配子的形成。有功能配子的形成受染色体配对频率、基因型和环境状况的影响。冰草属的P染色体组存在染色体分离的控制基因,从而引起含有冰草属的杂种能够形成有功能的配子且自交可育。 相似文献
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柿树减数分裂和小孢子形成过程的观察 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了柿树品种“禅寺丸”(2n=6x=90)的减数分裂和小孢子形成过程。同源染色体配对和分离基本正常,中期Ⅰ构型为45Ⅱ,但出现似多价体(次级配对),观察发现了不减数分裂现象。不减数发生的第1次分裂,第2次分裂时可见2个n=90的子核。未减数子核在四分体期形成二分体,小孢子期形成大型花粉粒。观察结果提示了柿树多倍体由未减数配子受精产生的可能性。 相似文献
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所谓单倍体是指体细胞中含有本物种配子染色体数目的个体。根据染色体组,可把单倍体划分为二倍体的单倍体和偶数多倍体的单倍体。1由二倍体形成的单倍体这种单倍体体细胞中只含有一个染色体组[如玉米(2n=20),水稻(2n=24)]的单倍体。这种单倍体减数分裂... 相似文献
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雄配子体选择的遗传分化效应及其在植物改良中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
王石华 《基因组学与应用生物学》2009,28(5)
在植物世代交替的生活史中,配子体是产生配子和具有单倍数染色体的植物体,并且有自己的遗传表达信息.在配子产生的过程中以及配子结合之前,适者生存的法则对配子发挥着选择作用,只有最适应外界环境条件的配子才能通过竞争性受精并产生合子.雄配子体选择是影响植物遗传分化、演变和遗传多样性的重要因素,被认为是生物进化的有力动力.此外,由于植物基因组中约有2/3的基因表达交错发生在配子体阶段和孢子体阶段,因此雄配子体选择的结果会影响到下一代孢子体的表现型.在育种实践中,利用雄配子体选择对植物进行遗传改良,具有提高选择机率和缩短育种年限等优点.本文主要概述雄配子体选择与孢子体表型的关刎系、遗传分化效应及其在植物遗传改良中的应用,以期为雄配子选择相关研究提供参考 相似文献
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白斑隐蛛(Nurscia albofasciata)的组型分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以胚胎细胞为材料,利用滴片和火焰干燥法制备了白班隐蛛的染色体,结果表明:白斑隐蛛的染色体数目,雌蛛2n=32,雄蛛2n=30,性别决定机制为X1X2O型,还从白斑隐蛛在分类学位置讨论了蜘蛛染色体进化的机制。 相似文献
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单倍体水稻植株染色体加倍的方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
最近几年来,通过花药诱导或其它手段而进行的单倍体生产已经为获得纯合子品系(homozygous lines)提供了一种快速的方法.在水稻中,通过雄配子发生而再生的植株其绝大多数是双倍体和单倍体,但偶尔也有多倍体和非整倍体单倍体所占的百分率随品种杂交方式及培养基组成或花药的预处理而发生改变 相似文献
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新疆北鲵染色体组型的初步观察 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
本文报道了新疆北鲵的染色体组型,2n=66,核型公式为2n=10M+2ST+16T+38m,由14对大染色体和19对微小染色体组成。在雌,雄个体间未发现有异型性染色体。核型分析结果表明,新疆北鲵是小鲵科中较原始的种类。 相似文献
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山茶属17个种的核形态学研究 总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8
研究了山茶属的9个组17个种的细胞核形态结构,它们的间期核和分裂前期染色体的构形均为球形前染色体形和中间形。体细胞分裂中期的染色体构形,即核型分别为:红山茶组:1.贵州红山茶2n=90=62m(2sat)+22sm+6st。2.南山茶2n=30=23m(4sat)+5sm+2st,3.木果红山茶2n=60=32m(1sat)+24sm(2sat)+4st;茶组;4.大理茶2n=30=23m+7sm 相似文献
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答现以雌、雄配子的形成过程分别加以说明。雄配子的形成过程是:雄蕊的花药中分化出造孢组织,进一步分化成花粉母细胞(2n), 相似文献
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Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis
It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis. 相似文献
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RICHARD E. NORRIS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1991,106(1):1-40
Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera. 相似文献
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JOAN VALUÈS MONTSERRAT TORRELL NÚRIA GARCIA JACAS 《Botanical journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》2001,137(4):399-407
Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted. 相似文献
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肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV
RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV
RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV
RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV
X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV
C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细 相似文献
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H.-R. GREGORIUS 《Biological journal of the Linnean Society. Linnean Society of London》1984,23(2-3):157-165
For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment. 相似文献