普通小麦×根茎冰草×黑麦三属杂种自交可育性的细胞学机理

普通小麦（ＴｒｉｔｉｃｕｍａｅｔｉｖｕｍＬ．,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝４２;ＡＡＢＢＤＤ）和根茎冰草（ＡｇｒｏｐｙｒｏｎｍｉｃｈｎｏｉＲｅｓｈｅｖ．,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝２８;ＰＰＰＰ）间的Ｆ１杂种（２ｎ＝５ｘ＝３５：ＡＢＤＰＰ）与两个黑麦（ＳｅｃａｌｅｃｅｒｅａｌｅＬ．,２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１４;ＲＲ）品种杂交,产生了自交可育的三属杂种。经细胞学研究表明,这种自交可育性是由于在某些细胞中通过两种方式发生了第一次减数分裂的失败,即单价染色体在赤道板发生分裂和单价染色体在一极的聚集,从而异致了有功能的雌、雄配子的形成。有功能配子的形成受染色体配对频率、基因型和环境状况的影响。冰草属的Ｐ染色体组存在染色体分离的控制基因,从而引起含有冰草属的杂种能够形成有功能的配子且自交可育。     

柿树减数分裂和小孢子形成过程的观察

研究了柿树品种“禅寺丸”（２ｎ＝６ｘ＝９０）的减数分裂和小孢子形成过程。同源染色体配对和分离基本正常,中期Ⅰ构型为４５Ⅱ,但出现似多价体（次级配对）,观察发现了不减数分裂现象。不减数发生的第１次分裂,第２次分裂时可见２个ｎ＝９０的子核。未减数子核在四分体期形成二分体,小孢子期形成大型花粉粒。观察结果提示了柿树多倍体由未减数配子受精产生的可能性。     

单倍体为什么有的有育性,有的没有育性

所谓单倍体是指体细胞中含有本物种配子染色体数目的个体。根据染色体组,可把单倍体划分为二倍体的单倍体和偶数多倍体的单倍体。１由二倍体形成的单倍体这种单倍体体细胞中只含有一个染色体组［如玉米（２ｎ＝２０）,水稻（２ｎ＝２４）］的单倍体。这种单倍体减数分裂...     

雄配子体选择的遗传分化效应及其在植物改良中的应用

在植物世代交替的生活史中,配子体是产生配子和具有单倍数染色体的植物体,并且有自己的遗传表达信息.在配子产生的过程中以及配子结合之前,适者生存的法则对配子发挥着选择作用,只有最适应外界环境条件的配子才能通过竞争性受精并产生合子.雄配子体选择是影响植物遗传分化、演变和遗传多样性的重要因素,被认为是生物进化的有力动力.此外,由于植物基因组中约有2/3的基因表达交错发生在配子体阶段和孢子体阶段,因此雄配子体选择的结果会影响到下一代孢子体的表现型.在育种实践中,利用雄配子体选择对植物进行遗传改良,具有提高选择机率和缩短育种年限等优点.本文主要概述雄配子体选择与孢子体表型的关刎系、遗传分化效应及其在植物遗传改良中的应用,以期为雄配子选择相关研究提供参考     

白斑隐蛛（Nurscia albofasciata）的组型分析

以胚胎细胞为材料,利用滴片和火焰干燥法制备了白班隐蛛的染色体,结果表明：白斑隐蛛的染色体数目,雌蛛２ｎ＝３２,雄蛛２ｎ＝３０,性别决定机制为Ｘ１Ｘ２Ｏ型,还从白斑隐蛛在分类学位置讨论了蜘蛛染色体进化的机制。     

普通白菜未减数雄配子形成的细胞学机制

以自然产生2n配子的二倍体普通白菜为材料,采用常规压片法研究2n雄配子发生的细胞学机制.结果表明,白菜未减数雄配子的形成途径有两条:(1)通过近平行型纺锤体形成二分体,从而产生2个未减数配子;(2)通过三极型纺锤体形成三分体,从而产生2个正常减数n配子和1个未减数2n配子,三极型纺锤体比平行型纺锤体能产生更高频率的未减数配子.2n花粉大小为n花粉的1.5倍,其频率不超过9%.     

单倍体水稻植株染色体加倍的方法

最近几年来,通过花药诱导或其它手段而进行的单倍体生产已经为获得纯合子品系(homozygous lines)提供了一种快速的方法.在水稻中,通过雄配子发生而再生的植株其绝大多数是双倍体和单倍体,但偶尔也有多倍体和非整倍体单倍体所占的百分率随品种杂交方式及培养基组成或花药的预处理而发生改变     

新疆北鲵染色体组型的初步观察

本文报道了新疆北鲵的染色体组型，２ｎ＝６６，核型公式为２ｎ＝１０Ｍ＋２ＳＴ＋１６Ｔ＋３８ｍ，由１４对大染色体和１９对微小染色体组成。在雌，雄个体间未发现有异型性染色体。核型分析结果表明，新疆北鲵是小鲵科中较原始的种类。     

山茶属17个种的核形态学研究

研究了山茶属的９个组１７个种的细胞核形态结构,它们的间期核和分裂前期染色体的构形均为球形前染色体形和中间形。体细胞分裂中期的染色体构形,即核型分别为：红山茶组：１．贵州红山茶２ｎ＝９０＝６２ｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋２２ｓｍ＋６ｓｔ。２．南山茶２ｎ＝３０＝２３ｍ（４ｓａｔ）＋５ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ,３．木果红山茶２ｎ＝６０＝３２ｍ（１ｓａｔ）＋２４ｓｍ（２ｓａｔ）＋４ｓｔ;茶组;４．大理茶２ｎ＝３０＝２３ｍ＋７ｓｍ     

被子植物的每个性母细胞究竟能产生多少个配子?

答现以雌、雄配子的形成过程分别加以说明。雄配子的形成过程是:雄蕊的花药中分化出造孢组织,进一步分化成花粉母细胞(2n),     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.