Strain-dependent induction by heat shock of resistance to ultraviolet light inEscherichia coli

Heat shock induces resistance to killing by ultraviolet light inEscherichia coli JE1011. When cells growing at 30°C were transferred to 42°C, maximum resistance to ultraviolet radition was reached after 30–45 min, but no change in heat resistance occurred. The effect was dependent on growth or protien synthesis. In contrast,E. coli B becomes more sensitive to the radiation and more heat resistant after a similar treatment. Thus, ultraviolet resistance and thermal resistance are not induced together in these two strains and may arise by independent mechanisms. It is also possible that thelon gene is involved in the effect of heat shock on ultraviolet resistance.     

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) specifically potentiates c-MYC-mediated transcription independently of the canonical heat shock response

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热休克因子1活性的调控机制

热休克因子1(HSF1)是调控热休克蛋白(HSPs)表达的核心转录因子,可被热应激、氧化应激、缺氧/血、pH下降等刺激因素激活,与靶基因的热休克元件特异性结合,增强HSPs表达,发挥内源性保护作用.HSF1活性的调控发生在HSF1三聚化、转位入核、结合DNA和调节转录等多个环节,受到分子伴侣蛋白、磷酸化作用、氧化-还原等机制共同调控,其复杂而精确的调控对于应激应答、生长发育等过程有重要意义.     

Heat shock protein 25 or inducible heat shock protein 70 activates heat shock factor 1: dephosphorylation on serine 307 through inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation

The expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) is known to be increased via activation of heat shock factor 1 (HSF1), and excess expression of HSPs exerts feedback inhibition of HSF1. However, the molecular mechanism to modulate such relationships between HSPs and HSF1 is not clear. In the present study, we show that stable transfection of either Hsp25 or inducible Hsp70 (Hsp70i) increased expression of endogenous HSPs such as HSP25 and HSP70i through HSF1 activation. However, these phenomena were abolished when the dominant negative Hsf1 mutant was transfected to HSP25 or HSP70i overexpressed cells. Moreover, the increased HSF1 activity by either HSP25 or HSP70i was found to result from dephosphorylation of HSF1 on serine 307 that increased the stability of HSF1. Either HSP25 or HSP70i inhibited ERK1/2 phosphorylation because of increased MKP1 phosphorylation by direct interaction of these HSPs with MKP1. Treatment of HOS and NCI-H358 cells, which showed high expressions of endogenous HSF1, with small interfering RNA (siRNA) of either HSP27 (siHSP27)or HSP70i (siHSP70i) inhibited both HSP27 and HSP70i proteins; this was because of increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and serine phosphorylation of HSF1. The results, therefore, suggested that when the HSF1 protein level was high in cancer cells, excess expression of HSP27 or HSP70i strongly facilitates the expression of HSP proteins through HSF1 activation, resulting in severe radio- or chemoresistance.     

热休克转录因子1的抗炎症作用

热休克转录因子1(heat shock factor 1, HSF1)是调节细胞保护性应激蛋白--热休克蛋白表达的主要转录因子,可被热应激、氧化应激等多种理化因素激活.近年研究表明,HSF1具有抗炎症作用:HSF1可抑制TNFα、IL-1β、M-CSF等致炎因子表达,促进IL-10等抗炎因子表达,并降低NF-κB、AP-1等致炎转录因子的活性.HSF1上调热休克蛋白和抑制炎症的双重活性,提示其很可能是联系应激反应和炎症反应的重要因子.     

CHIP interacts with heat shock factor 1 during heat stress

Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is a major transactivator of heat shock genes in response to stress and mediates cell protection against various harmful conditions. In this study, we identified the interaction of CHIP (carboxyl terminus of the heat shock cognate protein 70-interacting protein) with the N-terminus of HSF1. Using GST full-down assay, we found that CHIP directly interacts with C-terminal deleted HSF1 (a.a. 1-290) but not with full-length HSF1 under non-stressed conditions. Interestingly, interaction of CHIP with full-length HSF1 was induced by heat shock treatment. The structural change of HSF1 was observed under heat stressed conditions by CD spectra. These observations demonstrate the direct interaction between HSF1 and CHIP and this interaction requires conformational change of HSF1 by heat stress.     

Specific protection from phenocopy induction by heat shock

Mild heat treatments applied to whole animals or cell cultures of Drosophila prior to lethal heat shocks result in increased survival and protection against phenocopy induction. The optimal condition for the preliminary mild heat treatment is that which induces the synthesis of heat-shock proteins but does not turn off the protein synthesis that is in progress. Recovery of protein synthesis but not RNA synthesis following a drastic heat shock is much enhanced by the pretreatments. The results suggest that the protection for survival and against phenocopy induction is due to storage of messenger RNA.