山西省辛安泉泉域大型藻类的研究

1995~2003年间,对山西省辛安泉域的藻类植物进行了4次采集,共采得藻类植物标本71号,已鉴定出的大型藻类植物36种,隶属6门, 11科, 18属。其中,以绿藻门的种类最多,有4科8属19种;其次是蓝藻门,有2科5属11种;再次为黄藻门,有2科2属3种;排在最后的是红藻门,硅藻门和轮藻门,分别仅有1科1属1种。群落主要包括4类,即刚毛藻群落(Cladophora community),无隔藻群落(Vaucheria community),水绵-双星藻群落(Spirogyra-Zygnema community)和轮藻群落(Chara community)。     

用灰关联法分析环境因子对辛安泉泉溪大型藻类的影响

研究了环境因子对辛安泉泉域泉溪大型藻类的影响。2009年7月~2010年4月对标本进行了4次采集（每个季节一次）,对每个采样点的环境因子水温,pH,电导,溶氧,流速,水体最大深度和宽度进行了监测和记录,同时对标本进行了显微观察和鉴定。经鉴定,该泉域共有大型藻类植物42种。采用灰关联分析法分析了以上环境因子对泉溪大型藻类植物种类数的影响。结果表明,影响的关键因子为水温和流速。分析结果与前人文献相一致。因此,表明将灰关联分析法应用于藻类生态环境研究方面是可行的。     

娘子关泉域藻类植物的初步研究

1984～2000年间,对娘子关泉域的藻类植物进行了15次采集,共采得藻类植物标本200余号。经鉴定,有107种,隶属7门,32科,49属。其中,以绿藻门的种类最多,有13科,19属,45种。其次是裸藻门,有2科,7属,26种。排在最后的是轮藻门,有1科,1属,3种。群落主要包括8类,即刚毛藻-红毛菜群落(Cladophora Bangia community),刚毛藻群落(Cladophora community),拖拉藻-轮藻群落(Chara Thorea community),弯枝藻-拖拉藻群落(Composopogon-Thorea community),水绵-双星藻群落(Spirogyra Zygnema community),无隔藻群落(Vaucheria community),串珠藻群落(Batrachospermum community)和泡状饶氏藻群落(Jaoa community)。其中,有的群落类型已趋于消失或消失,许多种类已成为濒危物种,其原因主要是人为因素造成藻类植物生存环境的改变或破坏。本文也提出了相应的保护对策。     

山西省辛安泉泉域弧形串珠藻物候期的研究

对山西省辛安泉泉域弧形串珠藻的物候期进行了研究。2005年1月至10月对标本进行了4次采集（每个季节1次）,同时对每个采样点的环境因子如气温,水温,流速,pH,溶氧,电导进行了监测和记录。在显微镜下对弧形串珠藻的10个主要形态特征进行了观察和测量。研究结果表明,所有的环境因子都有不同程度的季节变化,而且弧形串珠藻的某些形态特征也表现出了明显的季节变化,在春季生长良好,夏季生长相对较差。同时将环境因子对其的影响也作了相关性分析,结果表明,尽管弧形串珠藻的生长发育在一定程度上受环境的影响,但最主要的影响因素还是其自身的生物发育规律。     

海草与其附生藻类之间的相互作用

海草床是滨海湿地中重要的生态系统,近年来世界范围内出现大面积的海草床衰退,水体富营养化引发附生藻类的大量繁殖是其中的一个主要原因。本文综述了近20年来关于海草与其附生藻类之间相互作用的研究进展,包括海草床中附生藻类的地位及其积极作用,附生藻类与海草的物质交换关系,附生藻类对海草的影响（主要是光利用限制和营养物质利用限制）。对海草床中海草-附生藻类群落复杂的生态关系提出了研究展望,包括海草与其附生藻类的物质交换机制,海草与其附生藻类对营养物质利用的竞争关系,附生藻类生物量分别对海草可利用光和光合作用能力的削弱关系,海草与附生藻类对海草床初级生产力的贡献随环境因子的变化关系,通过原位观测数据的积累建立海草生长与生物作用的模型等。     

海草附生藻类生物量的主要影响因子

海草叶片上的附生藻类负荷量很大程度上决定了其对海草影响的强度及利弊的方向,它是各种非生物因子及生物因子相互作用的结果.总结了近20a来海草附生藻类生物量控制因子的研究进展,归纳得出影响海草附生藻类生物量的因子主要有生物因子中海草自身的生理特性和食草动物的摄食作用、化学因子中的营养盐浓度、物理因子中的可利用光强度和水流等.其中,作为主要上行效应的营养盐浓度以及作为主要下行效应的摄食作用对海草附生藻类生物量起十分重要的调节作用.最后,对未来的研究提出了展望:①上行效应及下行效应对于调节海草-附生藻类群落结构的相对重要性及其定量分析;②在各种因子单独作用以及联合作用下附生藻类生物量的变化规律;③海草释放化感物质调节附生藻类生长的机制;④附生藻类对海草生长的综合作用机制.     

福建红树林区大型藻类的生态学研究

主要研究中国福建省红树林区大型藻类分布、优势种的生物量和林冠下藻种的垂直分布特点。结果表明:福建红树林区的大型藻类有24属42种,其中蓝藻8属15种、红藻3属7种、绿藻13属20种。优势种中鹧鸪菜(Caloglossa leprieurii)和节附链藻(Catenella impudica)的生物量在6月分别为2.22～8.44g/m~2 DW和2.69g/m~2 DW,在12月分别为0.15～0.20g/m~2 DW和2.12g/m~2 DW。红树林中树干上附着生长的大型藻类的垂直分布自下而上可分成6个带:1.无隔藻(Vaucheria sp.)带;2、节附链藻带;3.侧枝鹧鸪菜-混合卷枝藻(Caloglossa ogasawaraensis-Bostrychia mixta)带;4.鹧鸪菜带;5.硬毛藻-岸生根枝藻(Chaetomorpha macrotona-Rhizoclonium riparium)带;6.绿球藻(Chlorococcum sp.)带。     

大型浅水湖泊太湖藻类浊度与非藻类浊度的变异规律

为探究大型浅水湖泊中沉水植物对浊度的影响,对大型浅水湖泊——太湖(有草区和无草区)进行了为期1年的野外调查,将浊度分为藻类浊度(Turb_Alg)和非藻类浊度(Turb_NonAlg),分析其变异规律及其对总浊度(Turb_Tot)贡献率的差异。结果显示:(1)太湖水体中Turb_NonAlg(年均值为2.45/m)为主要的浊度组分,占总浊度(2.88/m)的83%,春季时高达89%;(2)有草区Turb_NonAlg(2.52/m)和无草区的(2.37/m)差异不显著(P>0.05);(3)在相同TP范围内,有草区Turb_Alg (0.21/m)和无草区的(0.32/m)无明显差异(P>0.05),在夏季时甚至略高于后者。研究表明,在大型浅水湖泊中,沉水植物对水体浊度的抑制效果有限,对非藻类浊度和藻类浊度均未起到有效的控制作用。因此,在相同营养条件下,大型浅水湖泊更易发生稳态转换,且发生转换后恢复原始状态的难度也可能更大。     

5种藻类金属硫蛋白的初步研究

用镉／血红蛋白饱和法测定海带、裙带菜、石莼、甘紫菜和石花菜等5种藻类MT的含量,结果表明：5种藻每g湿藻分别含2．5mg、5mg、4．8mg、2．6mg、2．4mg类MT;经CdCl2诱导后,类MT含量有不同程度的增加,分别变成5．2mg、8．8mg、10．0mg、4．0mg、3．2mg,其中石莼的诱导效果最显著,类MT的含量为每g湿藻含10．0mg类MT,是未经诱导的2．1倍。石莼、裙带莱和海带都是生产类MT的廉价材料。     

大型丝状藻类对城市河流甲烷排放的影响研究进展

温室气体排放导致的全球变暖受到广泛关注.近期研究发现,经由河流系统排放的二氧化碳（CO₂）和甲烷（CH₄）可部分抵消陆地生态系统的碳固定量,从而使人们开始重新思考河流对于全球碳平衡和温室气体排放清单的影响.作为城市河流系统中重要的初级生产者,大型丝状藻类通过改变水-沉积物界面物理、化学以及生物等环境因子,深刻影响着河流生态系统的碳循环过程.本文从3个方面阐述大型丝状藻类对于城市河流中CH₄排放的影响:城市化对河流生态系统及其CH₄排放通量的影响;大型丝状藻类对自然河流系统中CH₄产生与排放过程的影响;大型丝状藻类对城市河流系统初级生产力及CH₄产生过程的影响.最后对目前存在的问题和今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

山西省的淡水红藻

报道山西省的淡水红藻植物,共计有15种,隶属于6目,7科,9属,即紫球藻Porphyridium purpureum (Bory) Drew et Ross,暗紫红毛菜Bangia atropurpurea (Roth) Agardh,细弱弯枝藻Compsopogon tenellus Ling et Xie,弯枝藻C．coeruleus (Balbis ex C．Agardh)Momagne,灌木状拟弯枝藻Copsopogonopsis fruticosa (Jao) Seto,异孢奥杜藻Audouinella heterospora Xie et Ling,硬枝奥杜藻A．chalybea (Roth) Bory,矮小奥杜藻A．pygmaea (Ktitzing) Weber-van Bosse,棘刺红索藻Thorea hispida (Thore) Desvaux,鸭形串珠藻Batrachospermum anatinum Sirodot,胶串珠藻B．gelatinosum (Linnaeus) De Candolle,弧形串珠藻B．arcuatum Kylin,绞扭串珠藻B．intortum Jao,细连珠藻Sirodotia tenuissima (Collins) Skuja ex Flint和胭脂藻Hildenbrandia rivularis (Leibmann)Agardh．     

世界希斯藻属Sheathia地理分布与环境因子的关系

文章以全球116组希斯藻属Sheathia样本数据为研究对象, 采用单因素方差分析、相关性分析、逐步回归分析、主成分分析和线性判别分析多种统计分析方法, 分析了不同种类地理分布与纬度、经度、海拔高度、水温、流速和pH六种环境因子之间的差异性及相互关系。根据单因素方差分析和线性判别分析结果可知, Sheathia arcuata、S. boryana、S. confusa、S. dispersa、S. longipedicellata和Remainder的地理分布和生长环境有显著性差异。由相关分析、逐步回归分析和主成分分析结果可知, 海拔高度、水温、流速和pH是影响希斯藻属Sheathia地理分布的重要环境因子。文章从种水平上分析了影响希斯藻属Sheathia地理分布的重要环境因子, 为丰富淡水红藻的地理分布数据, 进一步保护生境特殊的淡水红藻类群提供更多的科学依据。     

Varying foraging strategies of Labridae in seagrass habitats: Herbivory in temperate seagrass meadows?

The diets of five species of Labridae in south-western Australia were examined to determine whether: (1) grazing of seagrass and epiphytic algae is a prominent feature of the food web within the deeper seagrass meadows of this temperate region; (2) levels of grazing differ among different seagrass systems; and diets differ among these closely-related species. Fish were collected seasonally from three seagrass habitats mainly comprising either Posidonia sinuosa, Posidonia coriacea or Amphibolis griffithii between the summer of 1996/97 and spring of 1997. Consumption of considerable amounts of algae and seagrass by Odax acroptilus and seagrass by Haletta semifasciata indicates that macrophyte grazing by fish is a component of the trophic dynamics of south-western Australian seagrass meadows. O. acroptilus and H. semifasciata were both omnivorous, feeding on a range of epifauna, infauna and flora, whereas Siphonognathus radiatus, Neoodax balteatus and Notolabrus parilus were carnivorous, feeding predominantly on motile epifauna, such as molluscs and crustaceans. The level of macrophyte grazing is likely to be underestimated in temperate offshore meadows of P. sinuosa and A. griffithii where omnivorous labrids, monacanthids and terapontids are abundant. Stable isotope data for O. acroptilus from the study region suggest that animal prey is more important to tissue maintenance than macrophyte material. Macrophytes may be grazed to acquire attached animal prey or for fulfilling energy requirements. Based on the distribution of prey, it appears that species in A. griffithii meadows forage within and below the seagrass canopy, whilst species in P. sinuosa meadows are likely to forage towards the basal area of this seagrass.     

Antibiotic activity of lectins from marine algae against marine vibrios

Saline and aqueous ethanol extracts of marine algae and the lectins from two red algal species were assayed for their antibiotic activity against marine vibrios. Experimental studies were also carried out on the influence of environmental factors on such activity, using batch cultures. The results indicated that many of the saline extracts of the algal species were active and that the activity was selective against those vibrios assayed. The algal extracts were active against Vibrio pelagius and the fish pathogen V. vulnificus, but inactive against V. neresis. Algal lectins from Eucheuma serra (ESA) and Galaxaura marginata (GMA) strongly inhibited V. vulnificus but were inactive against the other two vibrios. The antibacterial activity of algal extracts was inhibited by pretreatment with various sugars and glycoprotein. Extracts of the two red algae, E. serra and Pterocladia capillacea, in saline and aqueous ethanol, inhibited markedly the growth rate of V. vulnificus at very low concentrations. Culture results indicated that metabolites active against V. vulnificus were invariably produced in P. capillacea over a wide range of temperature, light intensity, and nutritional conditions. Enhanced antibacterial activity occurred when P. capillacea was grown under higher irradiance, severe nutrient stress and moderate temperature (20 °C), reflecting the specific antibiotic characteristics of this alga. The strong antibiotic activity of lectins towards fish pathogenic bacteria reveals one of the important roles played by algal lectins, as well as the potential high economic value of those marine algae assayed for aquaculture and for biomedical purposes.     

Epilithic bacterial and algal colonization in a stream run, riffle, and pool: a test of biomass covariation

Epilithic bacterial and algal biomass were compared among a run, riffle, and pool along an open-canopy section of a third-order, temperate stream. Epilithic biofilms were sampled after 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 35 days colonization on unglazed ceramic tiles that were attached to plastic trays (n = 3) placed across each of the three habitats (i.e., run, riffle, pool). The diverse habitats and sampling regime were selected to provide a range in algal biomass so that potential covariation between epilithic bacterial and algal biomass could be assessed. There were significant differences among habitats and among trays within each habitat for both chlorophyll a and AFDM. Chlorophyll a and AFDM increased in the run and pool throughout the colonization period. In the riffle, chlorophyll a and AFDM increased rapidly early in colonization, then decreased. Epilithic bacterial biomass increased rapidly with no significant differences among the three habitats throughout colonization. Further, bacterial biomass did not correlate with either chlorophyll a or AFDM in any of the three habitats or on any of the sampling days. These results suggest that epilithic algal and bacterial biomass may be regulated by independent controls in some stream environments.     

山西植物区系的初步分析

本文着重论述山西植物区系地理成份与外界的联系,并根据山西植物区系成份与邻近植物区系共有种的分析,研究与其它植物区系的亲密程度,探索其发生的历史、现代分布规律和分化趋势。其目的不仅要在理论上探讨山西植物区系的性质、分类地位和起源,而且要在生产上为进一步开发利用、引种驯化、发展国民经济、促进多种经营,提供可靠的科学依据。     

Migration from plant to plant: an important factor controlling densities of the epiphytic cladoceran <Emphasis Type="Italic">Alona</Emphasis> (Chydoridae,Anomopoda) on lake vegetation

We investigated seasonal changes in the density of epiphytic cladocerans Alona spp. (Chydoridae, Anomopoda) in two habitats, emergent and submerged aquatic plants, in Lake Suwa, Japan, from April to August 1998 and from April to November 2000. Alona had a density peak in early June on reeds (emergent) and in late June on Potamogeton malaianus (submerged). In summer, Alona density remained low in both habitats. Although density was positively correlated with the abundance of epiphytic algae, the birth rate was constant and no correlation between algal abundance and clutch size was detected. In a field experiment using ropes as an artificial substrate covered with high and low densities of epiphytic algae as food, more Alona attached to the ropes with the high density of algae. These results suggest that Alona may select food-rich habitats and migrate seasonally, and that migration is an important factor in the population dynamics of epiphytic chydorid cladocerans such as Alona. In Lake Suwa, Alona may migrate from the reed zone to the submerged macrophyte zone in June.