初始装液比例对赖氨酸产量的影响分析

L-赖氨酸发酵过程中合理且充分供氧是提高发酵产量主要途径之一。大型发酵罐的供氧主要取决搅拌、通气量和装液比例等。通过分析初始装液比例对赖氨酸发酵的影响,发现不同初始装液比例的发酵规律。结果表明,合适的初始装液比例(55%)在相同发酵周期内可以有效提高产量13.54%。     

Streptomyces sp.FIM-16-06产他克莫司摇瓶发酵条件的优化

采用单因素试验和正交试验研究发酵培养基组成,优化Streptomyces sp. FIM-16-06产他克莫司的发酵条件,探讨摇瓶发酵的主要影响因子初始p H、装液量、转速等发酵参数的影响。确定了适宜的发酵培养基和发酵参数:6. 0%玉米淀粉、2. 0%黄豆粉、2. 0%葡萄糖和0. 5%玉米浆,初始pH 7. 5,装液量50 m L/500 m L三角瓶,种子菌龄48 h,接种量10%,摇床转速250 r/min,发酵温度27℃,发酵周期7 d。优化后的发酵水平较原生产工艺提高60%以上。他克莫司的优化发酵工艺为其工业化生产奠定了基础。     

Optimization of the nutrient medium makeup for the biosynthesis of bleomycine antibiotic using a mathematical method of experimental design]

The fermentation medium for bleomycin biosynthesis was optimized with the help of a mathematical method for experiment modelling. With the use of the schemes of orthogonal latin squares the optimal concentrations of the sources of nitrogen, carbon and mineral salts were determined and the negative effect of cupric sulphate on the antibiotic biosynthesis was shown. The antibiotic production on the developed medium was 3.7 times higher than that on the initial medium.     

茴香酸产生菌发酵条件的优化

为提高微生物降解反式茴脑获得茴香酸的产量,对假单胞菌Pseudomonas sp.NT2的发酵参数进行优化,以提高降解过程的转化率。利用单因素试验考察碳氮源种类及浓度、反式茴脑添加量、发酵温度、接种量、初始pH以及装液量对茴香酸生成量、反式茴脑降解率的影响,通过Plackett-Burman试验和最陡爬坡试验确定影响茴香酸生成量的显著因素并获取中心点,最后采用Box-Behnken模型进行响应面优化得到最佳发酵条件并验证。结果表明氯化铵浓度、初始pH和装液量是显著影响因素,最佳发酵条件为:柠檬酸钠10 g/L,氯化铵1.26 g/L,反式茴脑添加量1%,发酵温度30℃,接种量4%,初始pH 7.9,装液量42 mL/250 mL。优化后茴香酸生成量为7.24 g/L,为优化前的3.5倍,茴香酸摩尔生成率为80.72%,反式茴脑降解率为89.81%,分别比优化前提高了270.28%和97.78%。综上,假单胞菌NT2是生物转化生产茴香酸的潜力菌株。响应面优化可以显著提高反式茴脑的降解率和茴香酸产量,这为大规模生产茴香酸奠定了基础。     

EFFECT OF FERMENTATION PARAMETERS ON BIO-ALCOHOLS PRODUCTION FROM GLYCEROL USING IMMOBILIZED Clostridium pasteurianum: AN OPTIMIZATION STUDY

This article addresses the issue of effect of fermentation parameters for conversion of glycerol (in both pure and crude form) into three value-added products, namely, ethanol, butanol, and 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PDO), by immobilized Clostridium pasteurianum and thereby addresses the statistical optimization of this process. The analysis of effect of different process parameters such as agitation rate, fermentation temperature, medium pH, and initial glycerol concentration indicated that medium pH was the most critical factor for total alcohols production in case of pure glycerol as fermentation substrate. On the other hand, initial glycerol concentration was the most significant factor for fermentation with crude glycerol. An interesting observation was that the optimized set of fermentation parameters was found to be independent of the type of glycerol (either pure or crude) used. At optimum conditions of agitation rate (200 rpm), initial glycerol concentration (25 g/L), fermentation temperature (30°C), and medium pH (7.0), the total alcohols production was almost equal in anaerobic shake flasks and 2-L bioreactor. This essentially means that at optimum process parameters, the scale of operation does not affect the output of the process. The immobilized cells could be reused for multiple cycles for both pure and crude glycerol fermentation.     

Flocculant interaction with native antibiotic solutions. The effect of flocculants on the quality indices of native solutions as dependent on a number of factors]

Flocculants had a significant effect on the characteristics of the fermentation broth filtrates of some antibiotics. They decreased the filtrate turbidity, concentration of the organic ballast, etc. The size of the floccules depended on a number of factors, including the fluocculant concentration, agitation rate, concentration of the dispersing phase in the initial filtrate. The optimal concentration of the flocculant was defined not only by the type of the antibiotic-producing organism but also by composition of the nutrient medium used for the biosynthesis. Floccculant treatment provided a significant increase in the quality of the fermentation broth filtrates with respect to the main parameters: levels of proteins, pigments, emulgation capacity.     

Effect of phosphate on the biosynthesis of nourseothricin by Streptomyces noursei JA 3890b

The results present evidence for the important role of phosphate-mediated regulation of the nourseothricin biosynthesis by the processes of phosphate limitation and release of phosphate. Also, higher initial concentrations of phosphate were found to have a strong inhibitory effect on the biosynthesis of nourseothricin. It is concluded that the initial phosphate concentration was the primary target for the biometrical optimization of the fermentation medium. The presence of zinc ions neutralized the negative effect of high initial concentrations of phosphate which was also strongly influenced by the regime of sterilization.     

Biosynthesis of Cobalamine,Erythromycin and Chlortetracycline by Streptomyces Species

Attempts were devoted to use Streptomyces aureofaciens and Streptomyces erythreus, the antibiotics producers as sources for the biosynthesis of cobalamine. The constituents of the fermentation medium and the strain play an important role in the biosynthesis of vitamin B₁₂. The same strain produced different amounts of antibiotic and vitamin on the two different constitutive media. The increase of the phosphorus concentration in the fermentation medium—within limits—increased the vitamin B₁₂ biosynthesis. The optimal concentration of phosphorus favourable for the synthesis of cobalamine was inhibitive for the antibiotic production. The phosphorus level in the fermentation medium plays an important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate and consequently on the biosynthesis of antibiotics. Low concentration of 5,6-dimethylbenzimidazole (cobalamine precursor) in the presence of suitable phosphorus induced the microorganism to increase its biosynthetic potentiality for the vitamin B₁₂ production.     

Effect of the aeration and agitation states on tetracycline biosynthesis in semiproduction-capacity apparatus]

The results of the experiments on determination of the effect of aeration and agitation conditions on biosynthesis of tetracycline in the apparatus of semi-production capacity are discussed. It was shown that the antibiotic production level was not connected with the rate of oxygen solution expressed in the sulphite numbers, i.e. this parameter cannot be used as a scaling-up criterion. Accumulation of the antibiotic in the fermentation broth depended on the volume of the air supplied for aeration. It was determined that the level of CO2 dissolved in the fermentation broth did not reach the values having an inhibitory effect on the biosynthetic process.     

Effect of culture parameters on tobramycin biosynthesis

The effect of temperature, aeration and active acidity of the medium on biosynthesis of tobramycin was studied. The optimal temperature conditions (37 degrees C) were developed. It was shown that biosynthesis of tobramycin depended on the aeration conditions, especially at the beginning of the fermentation process. The initial pH 4.9-6.35 and 6.35-7.1 were found to be optimal for the growth of the tobramycin-producing organism and biosynthesis of the antibiotic, respectively.     

Effects of nutrients on the production of AK-111-81 macrolide antibiotic by Streptomyces hygroscopicus

The influence of different carbon and nitrogen sources on the production of AK-111-81 nonpolyenic macrolide antibiotic by Streptomyces hygroscopicus 111-81 was studied. Substitution of glucose with lactose or glycerol significantly affected maximal antibiotic AK-111-81 productivity as the growth rate was close to that of the basal fermentation medium. Addition of ammonium succinate to the fermentation medium markedly increased the antibiotic productivity as the growth rate was low. Divalent ions as Mn2+, Cu2+, Fe2+ stimulated AK-111-81 antibiotic biosynthesis. These results allow us to develop a new fermentation medium showing 6-fold increase of AK-111-81 antibiotic formation compared with the basal fermentation medium.     

华根霉合成活性脂肪酶液态发酵菌体形态调控的研究

华根霉(CCTCC M201021)膜结合脂肪酶在非水相中具有突出的催化酯合成的能力,在生物香料、生物柴油生产等工业应用中具有良好的前景.与许多丝状真茵形态影响其初级及次级代谢产物的生产相类似,华根霉在液态发酵中也会形成不同的茵体形态,显著影响合成活性膜结合脂肪酶的发酵水平.本研究以华根霉菌体形态及脂肪酶合成活性为指标...     

Occurence of a Phosphodiesterase in the Insoluble Fractions from Wheat Seedlings

The volume of carbon dioxide evolved in a shaking apparatus was measured at fixed intervals, and it was confirmed that the fermentation of dry yeast generally depends on three factors and that they are represented with an initial fermenting activity, a power which recovers fermenting activity, and a maximum fermenting activity. This expression of fermenting power was compared with usual expressions and it was proved to be more reasonable, particularly, for deciding the initial fermenting activity.     

Fermentative production of spiramycins

Fermentative production of spiramycins by Streptomyces ambofaciens has been performed using fermentation media of different chemical compositions. Medium I was selected from nine media as the best for production of high titres of spiramycins. Biochemical changes which occurred during fermentative production of spiramycins revealed that adjustment of the initial pH value of the medium was very important. The initial pH value of the fermentation medium which allowed the organism to produce a good yield of antibiotic was 6.5. The fermentation period affected the formation of spiramycins, and the maximum incubation period required for the fermentation process was 120 h. The role of inoculum on spiramycin yield showed that it was better to inoculate the fermentation medium with vegetative cells of Streptomyces ambofaciens rather with spores. The carbon source influenced spiramycin biosynthesis: dextrin was the best carbon source and stimulated the organism to form high titres of antibiotics. The best concentrations of dextrin and glucose for increased antibiotic yields were 25 and 15 gl^?1, respectively. Organic sources in the fermentation medium were more efficient than inorganic nitrogen sources for spiramycin formation. Fodder yeast was the best organic nitrogen source in fermentative production of spiramycins. The maximal concentrations of fodder yeast, soybean meal, peptone, Ca(NO₃)₂ and NH₄NO₃ for increased antibiotic yield were 6.5, 6.0, 4.0, 10.0 and 4.0 gl^?1, respectively.     

Optimization of fermentation medium and conditions for mycelial growth and water-soluble exo-polysaccharides production by Isaria farinosa B05

The optimal fermentation medium and conditions for mycelial growth and water-soluble exo-polysaccharides production by Isaria farinosa B05 were investigated. The medium components and fermentation conditions were optimized according to the one at a time method, while the concentration of medium components was determined by the orthogonal matrix method. The results showed that the optimal fermentation medium was as follows: sucrose 3.5% (w/v), peptone 0.5%, yeast extract 0.2%, K(2)HPO(4) 0.1%, and MgSO(4) 0.05%. The suitable fermentation conditions were as follows: initial pH 7.0, temperature 25 degrees C, medium volume 75 mL/250 mL, inoculum volume 5% (v/v), time 5d. In such optimal nutrition and environmental conditions, the maximal mycelial yield was 2.124 g/100 mL after 4 day's fermentation, while maximal water-soluble exo-polysaccharides production reached 2.144 g/L after 5 day's fermentation.     

Determining the conditions for stimulation of levorin biosynthesis in the presence of succinic acid

Conditions promoting the stimulating effect of succinic acid on biosynthesis of levorin were determined. The optimal concentration of succinate was shown to be equal to 0.05-0.3 per cent and the best time for the addition was before inoculation. The most pronounced stimulating effect was observed when the initial pH value of the fermentation medium was equal to 7.0. The important role of ammonium nitrogen in manifestation of the succinic acid stimulating effect on biosynthesis of levorin was suggested.     

一株病原拮抗野生菌株的筛选、鉴定及其发酵工艺优化

为获得广谱抗菌功能野生菌株并提高其发酵产物中抗菌物质的含量。采用管碟法和菌丝生长速率法筛选功能菌株,ITS序列分析鉴定功能菌株,通过响应面法和正交设计优化发酵生产抗菌物质的工艺。筛选到一株强效、广谱抗菌功能菌株,鉴定为Cerrena sp.,其发酵产物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、白色念珠菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和水稻纹枯病菌有显著拮抗作用。该菌株的摇甁发酵配方及培养条件为：马铃薯13.99 g/L,蔗糖 41.58 g/L,VB1 0.027 g/L,麸皮7 g/L,KH₂PO₄ 2 g/L,MgSO₄·7H₂O 2 g/L;摇床温度28 ℃、发酵周期10 d、种龄4 d、接种量8%、初始pH为5.0、装液量110 ml/250 ml。该菌株有明显抑菌活性,发酵工艺优化后抗菌活性提高了30.37%,为该菌株今后的应用、抗菌剂的分离提纯和产业化提供了实验依据。     

Criteria for evaluating calcium carbonate from the point of view of chlortetracycline biosynthesis]

Calcium carbonate is added to fermentation media in biosynthesis of tetracyclines for providing definite pH values and binding tetracycline into insoluble complexes. Seven different samples were studied with respect to their physical properties, such as the microscopic size of the particles, their form, capacity for agglomeration, specific volume, rate of the particle precipitation and chemical properties, such as purity, buffer capacity, effect on the medium pH before and after sterilization. The above properties were studied in comparison with activity chlortetracycline biosynthesis. Microfine calcium carbonate proved to be the best from the point of view of productivity of Str. aureofaciens. With its use the activity of the culture fluid increased by 20 per cent as compared to the other samples. The titration curve of the sample had the lowest bend.     

Growth-Biosynthesis Relationships in Erythromycin Fermentation

The relationship of erythromycin biosynthesis to growth appears to vary with the fermentation medium in which the microorganism is grown. In a medium containing a complex nitrogen source, antibiotic production occurred only when growth was halted, whereas in a glycine-containing synthetic medium the two parameters increased at nearly the same time. An autostimulation of antibiotic production through addition of erythromycin is reported. Also described is the use of a labeled precursor as an index of biosynthesis rates during short periods of time.     

Effects of l-lysine and d-lysine on ɛ-Poly-l-lysine biosynthesis and their metabolites by Streptomyces ahygroscopicus GIM8

?-Poly-l-lysine (?-PL), produced by Streptomyces or Kitasatospora strains, is a homo-poly-amino acid of l-lysine, which is used as a safe food preservative. In this study, the effects of l-lysine and its isomer, d-lysine, on ?-PL biosynthesis and their metabolites by the ?-PL-producing strain Streptomyces ahygroscopicus GIM8 were determined. The results indicated that l-lysine added into the fermentation medium in the production phase mainly served as a precursor for ?-PL biosynthesis during the flask culture phase, leading to greater ?-PL production. At an optimum level of 3 mM l-lysine, a ?-PL yield of 1.16 g/L was attained, with a 41.4% increment relative to the control of 0.78 g/L. Regarding d-lysine, the production of ?-PL increased by increasing its concentrations up to 6 mM in the initial fermentation medium. Interestingly, ?-PL production (1.20 g/L) with the addition of 3 mM d-lysine into the initial fermentation medium in flasks was higher than that of the initial addition of 3 mM L-lysine (1.06 g/L). The mechanism by which d-lysine improves ?-PL biosynthesis involves its utilization that leads to greater biomass. After S. ahygroscopicus GIM8 was cultivated in the defined medium with L-lysine, several key metabolites, including 5-aminovalerate, pipecolate, and l-2-aminoadipate formed in the cells, whereas only l-2-aminoadipate was observed after d-lysine metabolism. This result indicates that l-lysine and d-lysine undergo different metabolic pathways in the cells. Undoubtedly, the results of this study are expected to aid the understanding of ?-PL biosynthesis and serve as reference for the formulation of an alternative approach to improve ?-PL productivity using l-lysine as an additional substrate in the fermentation medium.