Jahnula species from North and Central America, including three new species

Three new species of loculoascomycetes collected from freshwater habitats in North America are described as new species of Jahnula (Jahnulales, Dothideomycetes). All three share these morphological features: hyaline to blackish translucent, membranous ascomata with subtending, wide, septate brown, spreading hyphae; peridia composed of large angular cells; hamathecium of septate pseudoparaphyses; 8-spored, clavate to cylindrical asci; and 1-septate, broadly fusiform, brown, multiguttulate ascospores. Four additional species, J. aquatica, J. bipolaris, J. potamophila, and J. seychellensis, are reported for the first time from the western hemisphere.     

Chaneya, a New Genus of Winged Fruit from the Tertiary of North America and Eastern Asia

A new genus is recognized on the basis of wind-dispersed fruits from the Eocene of western North America and Miocene of eastern Asia. The fruits consist of an accrescent hypogynous calyx of five obovate sepals and one or more globose fruit bodies. Although the fossils were formerly placed in the extant genera Porana (Convolvulaceae) and Astronium (Anacardiaceae), our investigation of numerous specimens from several floras in the western United States (e.g., Florissant, Green River, Clarno) and Canada (Whipsaw Creek, British Columbia) and the Yilan and Shanwang floras of China reveals unique characters that indicate that the fossils are a distinct genus, which we name Chaneya. Unlike Porana and Astronium, the fossil calyces have stomata that are longitudinally aligned, and early stages of fruit development show a gynoecium of five apocarpous carpels, of which only one or two usually enlarge at maturity. Precise systematic placement of the fossil genus is uncertain, but similarities to the extant Picrasma of the Simaroubaceae are suggestive of possible affinities. Two species are recognized: Chaneya tenuis (Lesq.) comb. nov., from the Eocene of western North America and northeastern China, and Chaneya kokangensis (Endo) comb. nov., from the Miocene of eastern Asia.     

含亚洲、欧洲、北美洲山毛榉病害病原菌的Neonectria coccinea复合群的物种概念(英文)

对包含亚洲、欧洲、北美洲山毛榉病害病原菌在内的Neonectria coccinea复合群中物种之间的系统演化关系以及物种概念进行了探讨。Neonectria faginata(曾处理为Neo.coccinea var.faginata)与狭义的Neo.coccinea和Neo.punicea有明显区别。系统树显示5个分支与Neo.coccinea群的关系较为接近,由于缺乏显著的形态差异,它们始终没有在物种的等级上区分。根据形态学、系统发育、寄主专化性和地理因素,采用多基因act、ITS、LSU、rpb1、tef1和tub序列分析的方法,对亚洲、欧洲、北美洲的相关材料进行了研究,结果表明,它们代表4个独立的物种,即Neo.coccinea,Neo.faginata,Neo.microconidia和Neo.punicea,对每个种进行了详尽的描述和图示。并为Sphaeria coccinea和Neonectria coccinea var.faginata指定了附加模式。     

Monogeneans from Pangasiidae (Siluriformes) in Southeast Asia: VI. Pangasitrema camillae n. g., n. sp. (Monogenea, Ancylodiscoididae), from Pangasius polyuranodon

The examination of gill parasites from Pangasius polyuranodon Bleeker, 1852 (Siluriformes, Pangasiidae) in Indonesia revealed the presence of a new species of Manogenea, belonging to a new genus: Pangasitrema camillae n. g., n. sp. (Ancylodiscoididae). Among Ancylodiscoididae, the genus has several distinguishing features: the reduced size of the haptor, the morphology and size of gripi, the absence of a ventral transversal bar and of a cuneus associated with dorsal gripi.     

New species and new records of the subgenus Amiota s. str. Loew (Diptera: Drosophilidae) from North America,East Asia and Oceania

Fifteen known and five new species of the subgenus Amiota (s. str.) from North America, East Asia and Oceania were surveyed and described: A. leucostoma Loew, A. minor (Malloch), A. subtusradiata quadrata Takada & Toda and A. communis Chen & Steyskal, n. sp. from North America; A. aquilotaurinternatta Takada et a/., A. delta Takada et al., A. dentata Okada, A. elongata Okada, A. flagellata Okada, A. kamui Chen & Toda, A. palpitera Okada, A. spinata Chen & Toda, A. subturcata Okada, A. angulisternita Chen & Liu, n. sp. and A. kitamura Chen & Liu, n. sp. from Liaoning and Taiwan, China; biturcata Chen, n. sp. and A. vulnerabla Chen & Zhang, n. sp. each from Hokkaido and Kyushu, Japan, A. sinuata Okada, A. kimurai Chen & Toda and A. nagatai Okada from Papua New Guinea.     

Tributyltin in Seafood from Asia,Australia, Europe,and North America: Assessment of Human Health Risks

This study reports concentrations of tributyltin in seafood collected from eight sites around the world and assesses potential human health risks. Samples of fish, crustaceans, cephalopods ( i.e., squid), and bivalve molluscs were purchased from markets in two Asian cities, one Australian city, three European cities, and two North American cities. Samples were then analyzed for tributyltin, and the chemical concentrations observed were used to calculate potential human health risks from consumption of market-bought seafood. TBT residues in marketable seafood were consistent worldwide, averaging 185?ng/g dry weight. For different reasons, pelagic fish and bivalve molluscs tended to have slightly higher residues than squid, demersal fish (sole/flounder) and crusta-cea. TBT concentrations in seafood from France and Korea were at least twice as high as those from the other countries. Based on average per capita seafood consumption rates for each country, the amounts of TBT ingested did not exceed proposed thresholds for chronic effects, suggesting negligible risks to the average consumer.     

Corticioid basidiomycetes associated with bark beetles,including seven new Entomocorticium species from North America and Cylindrobasidium ipidophilum,comb. nov

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - Seven new Entomocorticium species (Peniophoraceae) are described based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses. Along with the type species (E. dendroctoni),...     

亚欧美栗疫病菌群体的遗传多样性

从 12 0个随机引物中筛选出条带清晰、主带明显、重复性好的 9个引物 ,对来自不同地域和寄主的 7个群体的 14 2个栗疫病菌菌株进行 RAPD分析。 9个引物共扩增出条带 12 4条 ,其中多态性条带 111条 ,多态性比率为 89.5 2 %。利用 Popgen3.2软件对供试群体进行遗传多样性分析和 UPGMA聚类。结果表明 ,中国地区 4个群体间的遗传相似性较大 ,与美国、意大利和日本群体间的相似性较小 ;美国和意大利群体间的遗传相似性较大 ,且它们与日本群体间的相似性大于与中国群体间的相似性。病原菌群体的遗传变异率为 0 .2 35 1,其中在地区水平上 ,82 .34%由群体内的变异引起 ,17.6 6 %由群体间的差异引起 ,群体间的基因流动值为 2 .3311;而在寄主水平上 ,则 79.4 2 %由群体内的变异引起 ,2 0 .5 8%由群体间的差异引起 ,群体间的基因流动值为 1.92 97     

Paleogene fossil fruits of Stephania (Menispermaceae) from North America and East Asia

Stephania Loureiro is a large genus within Menispermaceae, with approximately 60 extant species naturally distributed in tropical to subtropical areas in Asia and Africa, and a few in Oceania. This genus possesses highly characteristic endocarps that facilitate identification of extant and fossil specimens. Here, we report some well-preserved fossil fruits of Stephania from North America and East Asia. The specimens indicate the endocarps were bony or woody with an obovate to obovate-rotund outline and a horseshoe-shaped locule. The endocarp length varies from 4.7 to 8.3 mm, and width from 3.7 to 7.0 mm. The endocarp has a clear foramen in the central area and is surrounded by a keel with ribs running along the dorsal surface. Only one lateral crest develops on each side of the endocarp. Two new species are recognized: Stephania wilfii Han & Manchester sp. nov. from the Paleocene to Eocene of Wyoming (USA), and Stephania jacquesii Han & Manchester sp. nov. disjunct between the late Eocene of Oregon (USA) and the late Oligocene of Guangxi Province (China). In addition, on the basis of more detailed morphological comparative analyses, we transfer the fossils formerly treated as Diploclisia auriformis (Hollick) Manchester from the early Eocene of London Clay, and the middle Eocene of Alaska and Oregon to Stephania auriformis (Hollick) Han & Manchester comb. nov. These fossil materials indicate a broader biogeographic distribution for the ancestors of extant Stephania lineages. This finding enhances our knowledge of the taxonomic and morphological diversity of Stephania and provides new evidence concerning its phytogeographic history.     

中国与北美大陆的高卢蜜环菌系统发育分析

在中国和北美大陆分别收集53和15株高卢蜜环菌Armillaria gallica菌株,并用ISSR（inter-simple sequence repeat）分子标记对这些菌株进行了亲缘关系及系统发育分析。结果表明：中国和北美大陆的A. gallica因地理隔离产生明显的遗传分异,在系统发育树上分别形成了各自的进化分支;北美大陆的分支内部遗传分化尚不明显,而中国的进化分支遗传分化程度相对较大且更为古老,中国菌株可能是两个大陆A. gallica的祖先株系。