一种自制T-载体的构建

TaqDNA聚合酶由于其具有非模板依赖型末端转移酶活性常使PCR产物的 3′末端形成一个dA突出。实验通过在pGEM 7Zf ( + )质粒的多克隆位点中插入少数新的酶识别位点 ,使其改造成为能被XcmI限制内切酶消化后可形成 3′末端具有一个dT突出的pGEMXT 载体 ,从而易于与具有 3′dA的PCR产物直接连接 ,并通过蓝白斑筛选而获得重组克隆。这种新构建的载体由于新添了相应的酶切位点还可用BamHI或HindIII单酶切出其中所插入的片断 ,方便了后续分析工作的进行。     

DNA片段的高效克隆

用Taq酶进行PCR扩增时,其PCR产物的3末端有一个附加的A碱基。因此,目前在克隆PCR产物时一般使用T－VCctor。但T—Vector的价格比较昂贵,而使用本试剂盒也可在短时间内使PCR产物与平滑末端载体进行高效连接。PCR产物与平滑末端的载体连接时,有必要除去3廉端的附加碱基,并使其5末端磷酸化。使用TaKaRaBKLKit（BllllltillgKillstiollLigstiollKit）可使这一连串的反应在短时间内完成。PCR产物的末端平滑化与磷酸化反应在一个反应体系内同时进行,一次反应后便可得到能够用于连接的DNA片段。用于连接反应的PCR产物无需进…     

平末端DNA随机连接构建重组质粒

目的:拼接DNA片段并克隆。方法:用T4DNA连接酶将DNA片段以平末端随机连接,随后用限制性内切酶切割,琼脂糖电泳分离酶切产物,挑选特定片段纯化回收,与线性化的载体质粒连接,转化大肠杆菌感受态细胞。结果:通过以上步骤,成功拼接了不同DNA片段,构建了含有目的拼接片段的重组质粒。结论:该方法简便、易行、可靠,可作为拼接、克隆DNA的备选方案,在分子生物学研究和基因工程中应用。     

PCR产物末端性质的分析研究

利用PCR、UT-PCR、克隆及测序等技术,对强直性肌营养不良基因（MT-PK）3′-非翻译区分别用Taq,Taq＋Pwo DNA聚合酶进行了扩增、克隆和测序,研究了PCR产物末端组成情况,并比较了上述两种DNA聚合酶对PCR产物末端的影响.结果在用Taq DNA聚合酶扩增的PCR产物主要得到3′端突出1个A（占67.3％,35/52）;在Taq＋Pwo DNA聚合酶扩增的PCR产物末端中得到3′端+A的仅占17.4％,而－1的占34.8％,与前者显著不同.表明PCR扩增产物的末端是复杂多样的.     

绿色木霉纤维素酶CBHII基因的分子克隆

本文以噬菌体lambda EMBL3 DNA为载体,通过克隆绿色木酶(Trichoderma viride)高分子量基因组DNA的部分酶解片段,并将重组分子进行体外包装后侵染Escherichia.coli K802,由此构建了绿色木霉基因文库。以李氏木霉(Trichoderma reesei)纤维素酶CBHII基因的末端片段为探针,用轮迥噬菌斑原位杂交从文库中筛选出CBHII基因的阳性克隆5个,随机取其中3个克隆用上述探针作斑点杂交,结果进一步证明克隆了全长或近全长的绿色木霉CBHII基因,用李氏木霉CBHI基因的末端片段探针作斑点杂交,结果提示CBHI与CBHII基因的末端序列之间无同源性存在。从斑点杂交的阳性克隆中提取DNA,酶切鉴定插入片段的长度,并克隆于质粒pUC19,Southern杂交结果证明获得了含绿色木霉CBHII基因的重组质粒pCBHII-14。     

限制性酶切片段的TA法直接克隆与测序

报道了一种粘性末端的限制性酶切片段的直接克隆和测序的方法。对限制性酶切片段的粘性末端先用T4洲A聚合酶处理,变为平末端,然后用Taq^TM DNA聚合酶在其3′末端加上A腺苷,即可利用T／A克隆载体进行直接克隆测序。利用这种简单而快速的方法,对2个RFLP探针Psr680的限制性酶切片段(1．65kb和0．65kb)进行了测序,表明这种方法可以替代利用相应载体进行相应酶切等处理的粘性末端连接克隆测序的方法。     

一步法快速构建多片段连接的同源臂载体

目的：建立一种简便、高效,可一步完成多个片段连接,从而构建含同源臂的载体的方法。方法：按照酶切后可产生前后片段相匹配的粘性末端接头的原则设计PCR引物,在目的片段两端均引入BsaⅠ酶切位点。以G160基因为例,PCR扩增打靶用左右同源臂片段、示踪基因CMV-EGFP片段、载体骨架pMD19－T等4个片段,纯化后一起加入一个反应管中,并加入BsaⅠ限制性内切酶和T7DNA连接酶及相应缓冲液,进行酶切、酶连接共10～50个循环反应,一步构建含同源臂载体的质粒;产物经高温处理后,直接转化感受态细胞,并进行重组子PCR鉴定;对pMD19－T载体进行优化,突变载体上的BsaⅠ酶切位点,把示踪基因CMV-EGFP片段引入pHSG298－T载体,再选择不同的G160基因同源臂片段组合对构建系统进行验证。结果：重组质粒酶切和PCR结果表明,应用一步法可成功连接多个片段来构建含同源臂及示踪基因的克隆载体;用优化后的pMD19－T－O载体体系,在2d内即完成了6种各含4个片段的载体的构建。结论：多个基因片段一步无缝连接的方法简便、易行、可靠,不仅可快速构建某类载体系统,还可对基因进行精确的点突变,该系统可用于快速构建基因打靶载体。     

牛β-乳球蛋白基因的克隆及其调控外源基因表达的研究

目的制备乳腺生物反应器所必需的乳腺特异性表达的调控序列,并验证其指导外源基因表达的能力.方法用PCR法从奶牛染色体上分5段扩增出了全长8.2Kb的牛β-乳球蛋白基因,包括1.8Kb的5′侧翼区、1.7Kb的3′侧翼区及4.7Kb的gDNA区.扩增出的各片段克隆到T-载体上,酶切鉴定及序列分析均证实了所扩增片段的正确性.将五个片段与荧光素酶cDNA拼接成荧光素酶瞬时表达载体并在小鼠乳腺中瞬时表达.结果注射荧光素酶瞬时表达载体的小鼠乳汁中明显测出了荧光素酶活性.结论所克隆的牛β-乳球蛋白基因表达调控序列能够指导外源基因在小鼠乳腺中表达.     

“A—T”平末端连接提高目的基因片段的克隆效率

在分子生物学中,基因片段的克隆是常用技术之一。将目的片段克隆于特定的载体目前有多种策略,包括粘末端连接、粘－平末端连接以及平末端连接等。其中以粘末端的连接效率为最高,而以平末端连接效率最低。在某些情况下,由于载体缺乏可利用的限制性内切酶酶切位点,而不...     

一种通用高效的复杂载体构建的新方法

文章报道了一种简便、通用、高效的复杂载体构建方法。此法是在PCR引物设计时,在目的片段5′端加上随机设计的接头,利用PCR克隆目的片段,再用T4 DNA聚合酶3′→5′外切酶活性处理PCR克隆目的片段,产生多个首尾相匹配的粘性末端,进行多片段定向连接、转化、重组子鉴定。以7片段拼接的水稻单交换质体定点整合表达载体pRSMGA的构建为例,应用上述方法构建只需做两次连接、转化,且其重组、转化效率高。数10次实验证明：这是一种简便、通用、高效的复杂构建载体的方法,该法至今尚未见报道。      

Cyclin D3 maintains growth-inhibitory activity of C/EBPalpha by stabilizing C/EBPalpha-cdk2 and C/EBPalpha-Brm complexes

C/EBPα arrests proliferation of young livers by inhibition of cdk2. In old mice, C/EBPα inhibits growth by repression of E2F-dependent promoters through the C/EBPα-Brm complex. In this paper, we show that cyclin D3-cdk4/cdk6 supports the ability of C/EBPα to inhibit liver proliferation in both age groups. Although cyclin D3-cdk4/cdk6 kinases are involved in the promotion of growth, they are expressed in terminally differentiated cells, suggesting that they have additional functions in these settings. We demonstrate that C/EBPα represents a target for phosphorylation by cyclin D3-cdk4/cdk6 complexes in differentiated liver cells and in differentiated adipocytes. Cyclin D3-cdk4/cdk6 specifically phosphorylate C/EBPα at Ser193 in vitro and in the liver and support growth-inhibitory C/EBPα-cdk2 and C/EBPα-Brm complexes. We found that cyclin D3 is increased in old livers and activates cdk4/cdk6, resulting in stabilization of the C/EBPα-Brm complex. Old livers fail to reduce the activity of cyclin D3-cdk4/cdk6 after partial hepatectomy, leading to high levels of C/EBPα-Brm complexes after partial hepatectomy, which correlate with weak proliferation. We examined the role of cyclin D3 in the stabilization of C/EBPα-cdk2 and C/EBPα-Brm by using 3T3-L1 differentiated cells. In these cells, cyclin D3 is increased during differentiation and phosphorylates C/EBPα at Ser193, leading to the formation of growth-inhibitory C/EBPα-cdk2 and C/EBPα-Brm complexes. The inhibition of cyclin D3 blocks the formation of these complexes. Thus, these studies provide a new function of cyclin D3, which is to support the growth-inhibitory activity of C/EBPα.     

Short-patch correction of C/C mismatches in human cells

We examined whether the human nucleotide excision repair complex, which is specialized on the removal of bulky DNA adducts, also displays a correcting activity on base mismatches. The cytosine/cytosine (C/C) lesion was used as a model substrate to monitor the correction of base mismatches in human cells. Fibroblasts with different repair capabilities were transfected with shuttle vectors that contain a site-directed C/C mismatch in the replication origin, accompanied by an additional C/C mismatch in one of the flanking sequences that are not essential for replication. Analysis of the vector progeny obtained from these doubly modified substrates revealed that C/C mismatches were eliminated before DNA synthesis not only in the repair-proficient background, but also when the target cells carried a genetic defect in long-patch mismatch repair, in nucleotide excision repair, or when both pathways were deleted. Furthermore, cells deficient for long-patch mismatch repair as well as a cell line that combines mismatch and nucleotide excision repair defects were able to correct multiple C/C mispairs, placed at distances of 21–44 nt, in an independent manner, such that the removal of each lesion led to individual repair patches. These results support the existence of a concurrent short-patch mechanism that rectifies C/C mismatches.     

NMR characterization of three-disulfide variants of lysozyme, C64A/C80A, C76A/C94A, and C30A/C115A--a marginally stable state in folded proteins

Our earlier NMR study showed that a two-disulfide variant of hen lysozyme containing intra-alpha-domain disulfide bridges, C6-C127 and C30-C115, is partially folded, with the alpha domain tightly folded to the nativelike conformation and the beta domain flexible or unfolded. With a view that the formation of a third disulfide bridge is a key for the accomplishment of the overall chain fold, three-dimensional structures of three-disulfide variants of hen lysozyme lacking one disulfide bridge (C64A/C80A, C76A/C94A, and C30A/C115A) were studied in detail using NMR spectroscopy. Amide hydrogen exchange rates were measured to estimate the degree of conformational fluctuation in a residue-specific manner. The structure of C76A/C94A was found to be quite similar to that of the wild type, except for the peptide segment of residues 74-78. The structure of C64A/C80A was considerably disordered in the entire region of the loop (residues 62-79). Further, it was found that a network of hydrogen bonds within the beta sheet and the 3(10) helix in the beta domain were disrupted and fluctuating. In C30A/C115A, the D helix was unstructured and the interface of the B helix with the D helix was significantly perturbed. However, the structural disorder generated in the hydrophobic core of the alpha domain was prevented by the C helix from propagating toward the beta domain. A marginally stable state in folded proteins is discussed based on the structures remaining in each three-disulfide variant.     

用T-A载体克隆技术构建丙肝病毒C+E1区真核表达质粒pSVL-HCV/C+E1

用ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｎｄＩＩ将丙肝病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１ＤＮＡ片段从其克隆载体ｐＧＥＭ３ｚｆ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１上切下,经Ｔａｑ酶补齐３’末端后插入到载体ｐＳＶＬ－Ｔ中,构建成丙肝病毒Ｃ＋Ｅ１真核表达载体ｐＳＶＬ－ＨＣＶ／Ｃ＋Ｅ１。本实验中重组效率达６４．７％（１１／１７）,正向插入为５０％（２／４）。