中国五种蜉金龟幼虫形态记述(鞘翅目,金龟科,蜉金龟亚科)

基于3龄幼虫首次描述了中国5种蜉金龟幼虫的形态特征,分别是:方胸蜉金龟 Aphodius quadratus Reiche、黄缘蜉金龟 A.sublimbatus Motschulsky、直蜉金龟 A.rectus Motschulsky、游荡蜉金龟 A.erraticus(Linnaeus)(补充描记).文中列出了中国蜉金龟幼虫的分种检索表.主要鉴别特征是:头部、内唇和臀节等.     

山西嗡蜣螂属一新种及波鳃金龟属二新种记述（鞘翅目：金龟总科）

本文记述山西省金龟科嗡蜣螂属１新种：中华嗡蜣螂Ｏｎｔｈｏｐｈａｇｕｓ ｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及鳃金龟科婆鳃金龟属２新种：五台婆鳃金龟Ｂｒａｈｍｉｎａ ｗｕｔａｉｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;粗婆鳃金龟Ｂｒａｈｍｉｎａ ｒｕｉｄａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于中科院动物研究所及山西省农科院植保研究所。     

山西嗡蜣螂属一新种及婆鳃金龟属二新种记述(鞘翅目:金龟总科)

本文记述山西省金龟科嗡蜣螂属１新种：中华嗡蜣螂Ｏｎｔｈｏｐｈａｇｕｓｓｉｎｉｃｕｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及鳃金龟科婆鳃金龟属２新种：五台婆鳃金龟Ｂｒａｈｍｉｎａｗｕｔａｉｅｎｓｉｓ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．;粗婆鳃金龟Ｂｒａｈｍｉｎａｒｕｉｄａ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存于中科院动物研究所及山西省农科院植保研究所。     

五种鳃金龟幼虫描述（鞘翅目）

对日胸突鳃金龟Hoplosternus japonicus Harold,坦狭肋鳃金龟Holotrichia tonkinensis Moser,白云鳃金龟替代亚种Polyphylla alba vicaria Semenov,大皱鳃金龟Trematodes grandis Semenov和二色希鳃金龟Hilyotrogus bicoloreus(Heyden)5种幼虫首次进行了形态描述,绘制了特征图,并编制了幼虫分类检索表。     

中国蜉金龟属一新种记述(鞘翅目:蜉金龟科)

报道采自新疆东昆仑山蜉金龟属Ａｐｈｏｄｉｕｓ Ｉｌｌｉｇｅｒ １新种——卡尔洞蜉金龟Ａｐｈｏｄｉｕｓ（Ｖｏｌｉｎｕｘ） ｋａｒｄｏｎｅｎｓｉｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ．。模式标本保存在新疆大学生物系     

中国正鳃金龟属暨四新种记述(鞘翅目:鳃金龟科)

本文记述中国新纪录正鳃金龟属Malaisius Arrow(1941)及4个新种——云南松正鳃金龟Malaisius pinae,介正鳃金龟M.intermedius,背黑正鳃金龟M.melanodiscus及闽正鳃金龟M.fujianensls。结合4新种之特征,重新描述了本属属征,指出正鳃金龟属与歪鳃金龟属Cyphochilus Waterheuse近缘。     

中国叶甲亚科三种幼虫形态学研究(鞘翅目,叶甲科)

对叶甲亚科3种幼虫进行了形态学研究,这3种幼虫为：菜无缘叶甲Colaphellus bowringii Baly、小猿叶甲Phaedon brassicae Baly和印度柱胸叶甲Agrosteomela indica Gistle,同时给出了各个种的背面整体图、头部和足的形态图。另外,对叶甲亚科的幼虫形态进行了描述,总结出了叶甲亚科的3种幼虫类型,并对该亚科的演化进行了初步探讨。     

索鳃金龟属四新种记述（鞘翅目：鳃金龟科）

本文记述了索鳃金龟属ＳｏｐｈｒｏｐｓＦａｉｒｍａｉｒｅ４新种,无距索鳃金龟Ｓ．ａｃｄｌｃａｒｉｕｍ,细体索鳃金龟Ｓ．ｓｔｅｎｏｃｏｒｐｕｓ,粉臀索鳃金龟,Ｓ．ｐｒｕｉｎｏｓｉｐｙｇａ和漾濞索鳃金龟Ｓ．ｙａｎｇｂｉｅｎｓｉｓ。模式标本保存在沈阳农业大学植保系昆虫标本室。     

中国花金龟科一新种记述(鞘翅目:金龟总科)

本文记述花金龟科背角花金龟属(Neophaedimus)一新种,标本采自我国江苏、浙江。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。 栗色背角花金龟Neophaedimus castaneus新种 体型较狭长,光亮,沥褐或沥红色,前胸背板无黄斑(图1),臀板、腹面和腿节内侧多是沥红色。     

Two Newly Recorded Coprophagid Species from Korea (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae and Aphodiidae)

A species of Scarabaeidae, Panelus parvulus Waterhouse and a species of Aphodiidae, Aphodius fossor (Linné) are newly recorded from Korea. The diagnosis and photographs of them are provided.     

The evolution of parental behaviour in Scarabaeinae (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae): an experimental approach

ABSTRACT.

• 1 Dung beetle lifestyles are reviewed. Most Scarabaeinae lay their eggs in dung masses that are packed into underground chambers, but Coprini and Scarabaeini typically lay their eggs in free-standing brood balls and it is in these tribes that parental care of the brood has evolved.
• 2 Brood balls are constructed by aggregating fragments of dung. This technique is derived from the method of gathering dung at the surface. Larvae developing in brood balls are better protected against dehydration and parasite attack. The repair technique of Scarabaeine larvae preadapts them to life in brood balls.
• 3 Parental care by Copris lunaris depends on appropriate responses by the female to the brood, and it has the selective advantage of protecting the brood against parasites. Preadaptations for parental care in‘non-brooding’Coprini are discussed.
• 4 Variations in the basic Copris nesting behaviour are summarized. Similar variations can occur spontaneously in C.lunaris and can also be released by unusual circumstances.
• 5 C.lunaris females could in principle cooperate but certain factors have prevented this social evolution. The significance of the transient cooperation with the male beetle is discussed.

     

Dung burial strategies in some South African coprine and onitine dung beetles (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae)

ABSTRACT.

• 1 The dung colonization and dung burial behaviour of twelve crepuscular/nocturnal tunnelling (paracoprid) species of beetles were examined in order to identify mechanisms which might facilitate resource (dung) partitioning. The species were selected from a diverse assemblage of dung beetles, the members of which coexist in the sandy-soil regions of Natal, South Africa.
• 2 The pattern of dung colonization in relation to dung age was examined in the field using baited pitfall traps. Some species, e.g. Onitis deceptor Peringuey, Catharsius tricornutus De Geer and Copris elphenor Klug, showed a marked preference for fresh dung (1–2 days old) whereas other species, e.g. O. viridulus Boheman and Copris fallaciosus Gillet, preferred older dung (3–7 days old).
• 3 Two distinct patterns of dung burial were recognized. In the Coprini, dung burial was complete within 24–48h of pad colonization, and the level of dung burial was similar in the laboratory and in the field. In the Onitini, dung burial occurred progressively over a 12-day period, although the timing of initiation of dung burial varied between species: in O. deceptor nearly all individuals had begun burial within 2 days of pad colonization, whereas only 20% of O. viridulus had commenced dung burial by that time. However, nearly all O. viridulus had buried substantial quantities of dung by day 12.
• 4 The mass of dung buried per pair by the larger coprine beetles (100–300 g) and onitine beetles (400–1000 g) suggests that there is potential for inter- and intraspecific competition, even in pads colonized by relatively few beetles. The colonization and use of dung of different ages are discussed as means of resource partitioning in relation to the relative abilities of species to compete for dung.

     

Duration and benefits of biparental brood care in the dung beetle Onthophagus vacca (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae)

Abstract.

• 1 Single males, single females or pairs of dung beetles, Onthophagus vacca, were released on artificial small (100 g) or large (1000 g) dung pats in the laboratory. Emigrating beetles were trapped at 12 h intervals, and the number and size of the brood chambers were recorded after each replicate.
• 2 Emigration of males was delayed if females were present in the same dung pats, whereas emigration times of females were independent of the presence or absence of males.
• 3 A residency of 60 h proved to be a threshold value. Females emigrating before this time did not breed, whereas those emigrating later had built at least two brood chambers.
• 4 Females paired with males built more brood chambers than single females.
• 5 The reproductive success of pairs was not influenced by the size of the dung pats.

     

Nesting of Afrotropical Oniticellus (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae) and its evolutionary trend from soil to dung

Abstract. 1. Oniticellus egregius Klug constructs brood ovoids of dung in the soil immediately under the edge of animal droppings. Each successive brood ovoid is enveloped within a soil shell. After completion of brood construction, loose earth is cleared from around the broods to produce a brood chamber. The immatures are then abandoned as eggs or first instar larvae.
2. O.planatus Castelnau and O.formosus Chevrolat usually construct brood balls of dung within animal droppings. Each brood is progressively enlarged by the addition of further dung after egg-laying. This enlargement is slight in O.planatus and marked in O.formosus. Parental females of both species remain in the brood chambers during development of the immatures which are abandoned principally as pupae.
3. Under very moist experimental conditions, O.planatus buries dung and constructs broods shallowly in the soil. Such nests are frequently connected to the pad by a short tunnel.
4. From a consideration of behavioural patterns it is suggested that the specialized nesting habits of these species have been derived from those of dung-burying ancestors similar to the modern genus, Euoniticellus, through reduction and loss of tunnelling in the soil.