芫花酯乙和黄芫花提出液对EB病毒早期抗原的诱导和促进EB病毒对淋巴细胞转化的研究

本研究证明,用于妊娠引产的药物芫花酯乙和黄芫花提出液,能诱导Raji细胞内EB病毒的早期抗原(EA),并能促进EB病毒对淋巴细胞的转化作用。维生素甲衍生物7901能明显地抑制这两种药物诱导EA的作用。这些特性与已知的促癌物质TPA是一致的。     

EB病毒致胃癌形成的分子学机制研究进展

EB病毒是一种DNA肿瘤病毒,感染人类,可以引起鼻咽癌、Burkitt淋巴瘤,近年来EB病毒与胃癌的关系也逐渐得到了人们的重视。EB病毒在人原代胃上皮细胞和胃癌细胞系中促癌作用已得到证实,但是它致胃上皮细胞增殖及胃癌形成的分子学机制仍不十分清楚。本文综述了国内、外这方面的研究进展。     

人精液对RAJI细胞中EPSTEIN-BARR病毒早期抗原的诱导

在大戟科、瑞香科、豆科和其它科植物中,发现有些植物含有能诱导人伯基特淋巴瘤细胞——Raji细胞中EB病毒早期抗原的物质,并已证明其中有的是很强的促癌物质,如12-0-十四烷酰巴豆醇-13乙酸酯(TPA)、桐油提纯的HHPA、芫花和黄芫花等。某些人的精液也含有能激活EB病毒的物质。本文报告中国人的精液,以及人精液与从宫颈癌病人分离的细菌培养液,对EB病毒早期抗原的诱导作用和协同诱导作用。     

人乳头瘤病毒16E5突变与宫颈癌的研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒(Humanpapillomavirus)HPV是发生宫颈癌的必要条件,人乳头瘤病毒16E5癌基因突变与宫颈癌的发生有密切的相关性。人乳头瘤病毒E5是一种转化作用的癌蛋白,是细胞膜或内膜整合蛋白。人乳头瘤病毒E5在感染的细胞中表达。主要在感染细胞克隆早期的繁殖,扩张中起重要作用。它干预生长因子受体,干扰周期蛋白和周期蛋白激酶,促进病毒癌基因转化,抑制抑癌基因表达,激活启动子促进病毒繁殖,并通过多种机制促使损伤细胞,通过细胞周期,使宿主细胞增殖,分化延缓,恶性化。E5基因变异意味着功能有可能改变,可能机体或细胞对病毒变异株的免疫能力,与宫颈癌的发生和HPV的嗜上皮性有关,因此对人乳头瘤病毒16E5基因变异的研究对于人乳头瘤病毒16在宫颈癌发病中的作用有着不可忽略的意义。本文对人乳头瘤病毒16E5突变株在宫颈癌组织中的作用及其基因突变的研究现状进行分析。     

人乳头瘤病毒E7蛋白的研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）的早期基因E7编码一个具有生物活性的癌蛋白,E7蛋白与腺病毒EIA,SV40大于T抗原病毒癌蛋白有相似的结构与功能,本对有关E7蛋白结构与功能的研究进展进行综述。     

人乳头瘤病毒的免疫逃逸机制

人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)是一类通过性传播的环状双链DNA病毒,与宫颈癌、阴道癌、头颈部癌症、阴茎癌和肛门癌等许多癌症的发生有密切关系.该病毒的持续感染是危险的致癌因素.HPV持续感染宿主在于它能够逃避宿主的免疫攻击.现就近年来关于HPV的免疫逃逸机制的最新研究进展做一简要综述.     

人乳头瘤病毒的致瘤性及机制

高危型人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)可能引发多种癌症,公认的如宫颈癌和宫颈上皮内瘤变.近年来的研究表明,HPV还与头颈部鳞癌、食管癌及乳房癌等的发生密切相关.HPV引起头颈部鳞癌的机制在某种程度上与宫颈癌相似,但又有所不同.因此,阐明HPV的致癌机制对于HPV相关肿瘤的治疗具有重要意义.     

采用原位杂交及电镜检测CR2转染小鼠细胞的EB病毒感染

EB病毒不能感染小鼠是因为小鼠CR2受体构像与人的不同,通过对小鼠CR2受体进行定点空变,然后将野生型和突变型小鼠CR2／1（MCR2／1）及人CR2（hCR2）用基因转移技术导入小鼠鼻咽上皮细胞系（TMNE）进行表达,观察转染阳性细胞是否具有结合EB病毒的能力,EBER－1杂交结果显示,只有转染hCR2和空变型MCR2（mtMCR2)的TMNE细胞可以感染EB病毒,但是前感染EB病毒的阳性率比后高的高得多。电镜结果也进一步证实EB病毒可以感染这两种细胞,这为进一步研究EB病毒进入细胞的机制及建立EB病毒相关的鼻咽癌动物模型奠定了良好的基础。     

人乳头瘤病毒重组细胞模型应用的研究进展

人乳头瘤病毒（Human papillomavirus,HPV）为双链环状小DNA病毒，它不仅能引起黏膜上皮的良性增生，也可以导致癌症如宫颈癌、阴茎癌、口咽癌的发生。HPV重组细胞模型的建立及其分化培养，可以应用于HPV早期感染、HPV感染对宿主细胞生命周期影响的研究，也可进一步诱导，用于深入研究DNA损伤修复途径对病毒复制的影响、以及HPV整合机制。本文将主要围绕HPV重组细胞模型的建立、分化培养的方法以及重组细胞模型的应用进行综述。     

人乳头瘤病毒与肿瘤

人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)感染是全球最常见的性传播感染之一。根据致癌潜力,该病毒被分为高危型和低危型两种。HPV16和18是最常见的高危型,也是引起宫颈癌(uterus cervical carcinoma, UCC)的病原体。近来报道的头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma,HNSCC),包括鼻咽癌、口咽癌、喉癌,尤其是口咽部的扁桃体鳞状细胞癌的发生也与高危型HPV有一定的关联。由HPV引起的癌症尚无特殊的治疗方法,青春期男、女孩可接种HPV疫苗以预防相关的肿瘤发生。     

ARTIFICIAL HYBRIDIZATION IN HAWAIIAN WIKSTROEMIA (THYMELAEACEAE)

Crosses were performed within and between 19 Hawaiian populations of the mostly dioecious woody shrub Wikstroemia. These populations are from a variety of habitats on the six major islands and are morphologically diverse. The populations are referrable to eight of the 12 species recognized by Peterson. Almost all hybrid combinations produced seeds, and seed-set was not significantly different among three categories of hybrids (within population, between populations on the same island, and between populations on different islands). F₁s from many of the crosses were vigorous and fertile, leading to the conclusion that these populations are not reproductively isolated from each other and the assumption that they are genetically very similar. Natural hybridization was difficult to detect because the species described by Peterson intergrade morphologically and ecologically. The crossability and interfertility of populations of Wikstroemia may be explained by one or more of the following hypotheses: 1) recency of colonization, 2) the founder effect, 3) lack of selection for barriers to interbreeding, and 4) gross morphological changes without associated large genetic changes.     

A THEORY OF THE GENESIS OF BREAST DUCT PAPILLOMA

While it is not the intent to argue that papilloma never develops in the conventionally accepted manner (proliferative growth from the wall of a pre-existing cavity) a new, perhaps alternative, genesis is suggested. The concept is that, beginning with the usual lobular structure of the breast, first by hyperplasia and then by coalescence of alveoli, seen earliest at the periphery of the lobule, spaces appear between the content of the lobule and the wall. By confluence of these spaces a larger cystic cavity is formed. Coalescence of alveoli through the body of the central mass, in the same way as at the periphery, develops the familiar pattern of “papilloma.” Following the earlier hyperplasia, regressive changes appear and may go on to complete disintegration of the papillary mass, leaving a smooth-walled cavity.     

GENETIC EVIDENCE FOR MULTIPLE ORIGINS OF DIOECY IN THE HAWAIIAN SHRUB WIKSTROEMIA (THYMELAEACEAE)

Dioecy is unusually common in the Hawaiian Islands, yet little is known about the evolutionary biology of this breeding system. A native shrub, Wikstroemia, has an unusually diverse array of breeding systems: two forms of dioecy, cryptic and morphological dioecy, as well as hermaphroditism (perfect flowers). The existence of two forms of dioecy is significant for three reasons: 1) the presence of cryptic unisexuals that are functionally unisexual, but retain the appearance of hermaphroditism in both sexes, is strong evidence for the ancestral status of hermaphroditism; 2) the production of nonfunctional pollen, by female cryptic unisexuals, is a new instance of a phenomenon which has previously been reported for a few other species; 3) the two forms of dioecy are morphological markers which are useful in hybridization studies for tracing the genetic basis of their inheritance. Crosses were made between cryptically unisexual individuals (C), between morphologically unisexual individuals (M), and between the two types of unisexuality. The offspring of crosses between individuals with the same sex type usually resulted in offspring with that sex type, but most of the progeny of between-sex type crosses were, unexpectedly, perfect-flowered hermaphrodites. These results show that genetic control of sex determination is not homologous in all populations, suggesting that dioecy has evolved at least twice in Hawaiian Wikstroemia. The genetic data further suggest that males are the heterozygous sex.     

了哥王(Wikstroemia indica)的生态生物学特征

对了哥王的生态生物学特征研究表明 ,了哥王分布区气候条件温暖湿润 ,生境主要为草坡和开旷林地 .了哥王耐贫瘠 ,是一种阳生性灌木 ,其光合速率平均为 7.33μmolCO2 ·m-2 ·s-1.其竞争力明显弱于同在灌草丛中分布的桃金娘 .因而在灌草丛阶段的演替过程中 ,其种群减少 ,桃金娘种群增长 .了哥王体内加权平均养分含量为N 0 .6 6 7% ,P 0 .0 81% ,K 0 .5 4 0 % ,Ca 0 .776 % ,Mg 0 .2 5 9% .种群生物量分析表明 ,荒坡上野生了哥王生物量较低 ,仅 0 .0 2 73t·hm2 .若要大量开发了哥王资源 ,需要人工种植以提高生产量 .     

应用PCR对尖锐湿疣和外耳道乳头状瘤中HPV DNA的分型检测

从手术切除的24例女性和12例男性尖锐湿疣新鲜标本中,以及42例女性尖锐湿疣、16例男性外耳道乳头状瘤和4例女性假性湿疣的石蜡包埋标本中,提取组织的基因组DNA,用人工合成的人乳头瘤病毒6.11和16型E6区特异性寡聚核苷酸引物,通过PCR进行HPV DNA的分型检测。结果66例女性尖锐湿疣中,感染HPV6型者4例,感染11型者12例,6+11型混合感染者49例;阴性1例,总检出率达98.4％。4例女性假性湿疣中1例为HPV6型感染,阳性率25％。16例男性外耳道乳头状瘤中HPV6+11型感染者5例,6+16型感染者3例,6+11+16型多重感染者8例,阳性率100％。12例男性尖锐湿疣中,HPV11型感染者7例,6+11型4例,阴性1例,总阳性率91.6％。还对细胞学上空泡化和非典型空泡化尖锐湿疣标本的HPV感染做了比较,未发现差异。     

诱导Epstein—Barr病毒早期抗原表达的中草药和植物的筛选

应用Raji细胞筛选了268个科的1693种中草药和植物,共发现18个科的52种有诱导Epstein-Barr(EB)病毒早期抗原表达的作用,大戟科和瑞香科最多,分别有25种和7种,其中甘遂、芫花、黄芫花、了哥王、苦杏仁、怀牛膝和巴豆等是常用药物。本文还讨论了这些中草药和植物在体内对EB病毒的激活及其与鼻咽癌发生的关系。     

Character of Leaf Epidermis and Their Systematic Significance of Daphne and Wikstroemia (Thymelaeaceae)

Fifty six species (varieties) of Daphne, forty five species (varieties) of Wikstroemia and twelve species of outgroups from Thymelaeaceae, with ten phenotypic characters were selected, to study the leaf epidermal microfeatures by using light microscopy, Results reveal that Daphne and Wikstromia are consistent in most of leaf features. The epidermal cell are polygonal and irregular in shape. The patterns of anticlinal wall are straight, curved and U shape. The cell sizes range in 30-40μm × 10-20μm. Some species have singly hair on surface. Stomatal distribution is random, size range in 20-36μm × 17-25μm, most are broadly elliptical and narrowly elliptical, stomatal frequency are 100-250S/mm2, and the anomocytic stomatal type is dominate. It is apparently that many stomatal and epidermal features in Daphne and Wikstromia are crossed, and no distinguishable features are suitable for separating this two genera. Results from epidermal characters analysis don’t support monophyletic status of Daphne and Wikstroemia. Eriosolena should not be include in the genus Daphne as the special papillae only found in Eriosolena composita rather than in other genera of Thymeleaceae. In compare with other genera, Rhamnoneuron, Eriosolena, Stelleropsis, Daphnopsis and Edgeworthia in Thymelaeoideae, Daphne and Wikstroemia might be derived and originated latter based on the stomatal features.     

Floral morphogenesis of Wikstroemia delavayi (Thymelaeaceae) and its phylogenetic implication

Floral morphogenesis of Wikstroemia delavayi Lecomte was investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared with its allied groups. Initiation and early development of floral parts in W. delavayi followed unidirectional sequences from the abaxial side to the adaxial side. Because the floral parts grew faster at the adaxial side than at the abaxial one in following development, the zygomorphic pattern in the early development changed and finally became an almost actinomorphic form at anthesis. The disc was initiated from the abaxial base of the floral tube and itslobes were alternate with lower whorl stamens. According to this initiatial and developmental pattern, it is reasonable to interpret the disc as a part of the androecium rather than a modification of the receptacle. The located position and development of the disc was correlative with the development of other floral organs, which might provide insight to delimit Wikstroemia and Daphne based on different floral developmental pattern that might exist between the two genera. The developmental process of W. delavayi indicated that the syncarpous and uniloculate gynoecium was in fact bicarpellate, which consisted of a fertile carpel and a sterile one. It was pseudomonomerous. Even though the ovary in both Wikstroemia and Daphne was uniloculate, the location of the ventral bundles in the ovary was obviously different from each other according to data to date. In this respect, further investigation is undertaken between the two genera.     

澜沧荛花(瑞香科)的花部形态发生yh及其系统学意义(英文)

通过扫描电镜对澜沧荛花Wikstroemiadelavayi花部的形态发生过程进行了观察和分析 ,旨在为该属的系统学研究提供花部发育形态学资料。澜沧荛花花部的发生和早期发育呈远轴面向近轴面的顺序 ,但这一式样由于近轴面的器官在早期发育之后生长加速发生了转变。因此 ,花开放时所表现的所谓辐射对称 ,显然是由同一轮器官的异率生长所导致的次生现象。花盘发生于花萼筒基部的远轴面上 ,与花萼、雄蕊的发生间隔时间较长。花盘原基在下轮雄蕊着生处凹陷或间断 ,与之相对应 ,花盘裂片与下轮雄蕊呈互生。由此 ,花盘显然不是花托的一部分 ,也不是象花萼、雄蕊和心皮一样的独立结构 ,将其解释为雄蕊群的一部分更合理。花盘的发生和早期发育及其着生位置同其他花部器官的发生和发育式样具有明显的相关性 ,这种相关性对进一步阐明瑞香属Daphne和荛花属Wikstroemia的系统发育关系具有一定意义。根据对雌蕊群的发生和发育过程观察 ,该种的子房是由一个近轴面的可育心皮和一个远轴面的不育心皮融合而成的单室子房 ,为假单心皮雌蕊。尽管荛花属和瑞香属均属于单室子房 ,但澜沧荛花的子房维管束中的腹束排列于中轴位置 ,而目前资料显示瑞香属植物的腹束接近于侧膜位置 ,这方面仍需进一步研究     

澜沧荛花(瑞香科)的花部形态发生 及其系统学意义

通过扫描电镜对澜沧荛花Wikstroemia delavayi花部的形态发生过程进行了观察和分析,旨在为该属的系统学研究提供花部发育形态学资料。澜沧尧花花部的发生和早期发育呈远轴面向近轴面的顺序,但这一式样由于近轴面的器官在早期发育之后生长加速发生了转变。因此,花开放时所表现的所谓辐射对称,显然是由同一轮器官的异率生长所导致的次生现象。花盘发生于花萼筒基部的远轴面上,与花萼、雄蕊的发生间隔时间较长。花盘原基在下轮雄蕊着生处凹陷或间断,与之相对应,花盘裂片与下轮雄蕊呈互生。由此,花盘显然不是花托的一部分,也不是象花萼、雄蕊和心皮一样的独立结构,将其解释为雄蕊群的一部分更合理。花盘的发生和早期发育及其着生位置同其他花部器官的发生和发育式样具有明显的相关性,这种相关性对进一步阐明瑞香属Daphne和荛花属Wikstroemia的系统发育关系具有—定意义。根据对雌蕊群的发生和发育过程观察,该种的子房是由一个近轴面的可育心皮和一个远轴面的不育心皮融合而成的单室子房,为假单心皮雌蕊。尽管荛花属和瑞香属均属于单室产房,但澜沧荛花的子房维管束中的腹束排列于中轴位置,而目前资料显示瑞香属植物的腹束接近于侧膜位置,这方面仍需进一步研究。