吉林省延吉盆地早白垩世被子植物化石

吉林省延吉盆地大拉子组的被子植物化石约有10种。它们具有早白垩世较原始被子植物的形态特征,和北美早白垩世波托马克群的Ⅰ-Ⅱ带的植物分子相同,并与蒙古早白垩世(Neocomian)植物群有些接近,而与苏联、葡萄牙等地的早白垩世(Albian)的被子植物差别甚大,故大拉子组的时代可暂归于 Aptian。植物组合特征说明在早白垩世中期,北半球的欧亚和北美植物区系具有更为密切的关系。并从植物组合及沉积特征分析了古环境。     

河南汝阳盆地早白垩世腹足类及古环境意义

河南汝阳盆地上东沟组和郝岭组的腹足类主要由个体微小的Mesocochliopa,Scaevicochlea,Bithynia,Proauricula,Zaptychius,Physa,Gyraulus,Pseudarinia和口盖化石Reesidella multilaminate xiazhuangensis Pan and Zhu等组成,其中,Bithynia个体相对稍大,Gyraulus和口盖化石个体最为丰富。该腹足类动物群与北京西山的夏庄组,辽宁阜新的阜新组和内蒙古潮水盆地庙沟群的腹足类动物群很相似,应归入Mesocoshliopa cretacea-Zaptychius costatus-口盖化石Reesidella multilaminate xiazhuangensis Pan and Zhu种群中,其时代为早白垩世(Aptian—Albian期)。该腹足类动物群可能栖息于泥底而且水体很浅的河漫滩和河边水潭环境中。     

粤北塘村盆地早白垩世文明司组介形类化石

粤北塘村盆地文明司组的介形类化石计有8属20种,本文描述其中5属13种,称Cypridea epimeco-Mon-golocypris subin fidelis组合,它以早白垩世极度繁盛的Cypridea占绝对优势及全为小个体的Mongolocypris为代表,这个介形类组合可与湖南汝城文明司组的介形类进行对比,时代属早白垩世晚期Aptian期。     

浙江东部馆头组一些坚叶杉新种

本文报道的Pagiophyllum属4新种,是在对它们的角质层构造进行了研究的基础上建立的,标本产自浙东新昌县苏秦村附近的馆头组,共生的植物化石尚有Ruffordia goepperti, Zamiophyllum buchianum, Pseudofrenelopsis parceTflogoso, P. papillosa, Cupressinocladus elegans等;另在苏秦村南面镜岭的相当层位中还找到双壳类化石Plicotounio(P.)zheijiangensts。这些化石都表明馆头组的地质时代为早白垩世。     

西藏岗巴察且拉剖面白垩系孢粉组合

雅鲁藏布江以南的藏南特提斯喜玛拉雅白垩系一直备受关注,但迄今仍缺乏有关白垩纪孢粉组合序列的系统报导。本文详细研究报导了岗巴察且拉这一代表性剖面的孢粉化石。根据重要孢粉类群的分布和发生情况,从下部的门卡敦组向上经岗巴东山组、察且拉组和岗巴村口组共计产出2个孢粉组合及3个亚组合,由下向上依次为Microcachryidites antarcticus-Crybelosporites带和Gabonisporis-Crybelosporites pannuceus带。前者还可进一步的细分为3个亚带,自下而上分别为:Cicatricosisporites-Crybelosporites stylosus亚带、Cyclosporites hughesii亚带和Crybelosporites striatus亚带。根据孢粉类群的分布和发育特征以及沟鞭藻等化石,Microcachryidites antarcticus-Crybelosporites带的时代被推定为早白垩世Berriasian期—Albian期,Gabonisporis-Crybelosporites pannuceus带时代则为Cenomanian期至Coniacian期甚至Santonian期。前者的3个亚带的时代则分别为Berriasian期—Barremian期(Cicatricosisporites-Crybelosporites stylosus亚带)、Aptian期(Cyclosporites hughesii亚带)和Albian期(Crybelosporites striatus亚带)。上述组合可以与印度南部Cauvery等盆地孢粉组合很好的对比,与同期的澳大利亚组合则在早期(Microcachryidites antarcticus-Crybelosporites带)相似、后期具有差异。     

赤道几内亚里奥姆尼盆地K-1井白垩纪生物地层

赤道几内亚境内西部里奥姆尼(Rio Muni)盆地K-1井白垩纪地层含丰富的沟鞭藻类,孢粉,钙质超微和介形类等化石,自下而上可以划分出3个生物组合带,A带含孢粉Classopollis-Cicatricosisporites-Inaperturopollenites-Afropollis组合和介形类Hourcqia,Petrobrasia等,时代属于Aptian—Albian期。B带含孢粉Schizaeoisporites-Ephedripites-Jugella-Tricolpites组合,沟鞭藻类Dinogymnium,Oligosphaeridium,Impletosphaeridium,Florentinia,以及钙质超微化石Eiffelithus eximius,Lithastrinus grillii,Eprolithus moratus等,时代为Cenomanian—Santonian期。C带含孢粉Polypodiaceae-Psophosphaera-Proteacidites-Tricolpopollenites组合,沟鞭藻类Peridiniaceae,Dinogymnium,Tenua,Spiniferites,和钙质超微化石Micula concave,Arkangelskiella cymbiformis等,时代为Campanian—Maastrichtian期。     

甘肃平凉安国镇白垩系六盘山群的孢粉植物群

对甘肃—宁夏交界处六盘山群一个露头剖面进行了孢粉分析,从和尚铺组、李洼峡组、马东山组和乃家河组中获得了孢粉化石。这些材料表明,六盘山群的孢粉植物群中白垩纪分子丰度高、分异度大,时代可能为晚Aptian—早、中Albian。孢粉反映当时的气候条件中性偏干,其中和尚铺组和乃家河组比李洼峡组和马东山组要更干一些。根据孢粉资料,六盘山群的和尚铺组至乃家河组的沉积可与盆地主体的志丹群的上部即泾川组对比,三桥组则可能相当于罗汉洞组。陕甘宁盆地西部边缘区缺少相当于志丹群宜君组至环河华池组的早白垩世早期的沉积。     

北京京西盆地早白垩世同翅目化石一新属(同翅目:蜡蝉总科)

记述了北京京西盆地早白垩世卢尚坟组同翅目一新属新种翅痣白恶蜡蝉Cretocixius stigmatosus gen.et sp.nov,化石采自卢尚坟组昆虫的典型产地卢尚坟村,时代属早白垩世巴列姆期（Barremian Stage),归卢尚坟昆虫群;在分类上属蜡蝉总科拉蜡蝉科。模式标本保存于北京林业大学。     

吉林延边早白垩世大拉子组植物化石新类型--星学异麻黄

报道产自吉林省延边早白垩世大拉子组植物化石新类型——星学异麻黄(Alloephedra xingxuei gen.et sp.nov.)。大拉子组的时代处于早白垩世的阿普特期-阿尔必期(Aptian-Albian)。化石标本保存了植物的茎枝、雌球花及种子;该种的茎枝分节,节间具细纵槽纹,叶退化,雌球花单个着生于小枝顶部,种子成对且种子顶部宿存珠孔管等特征与现存麻黄科植物最为相近,因此可能属于麻黄科。     

京西盆地早白垩世中生黏蚊一新属新种 (双翅目:中生黏蚊科)(英文)

记述了京西盆地早白垩世中生黏蚊一新属新种———京西华夏中生黏蚊Huaxiasciophilitesjingxiensisgen .etsp .nov.。新属区别于其它属的特征为 :Sc具分支 ;r m长于Rs基部之长 ;Rs明显呈波纹状 ;径室较小。化石采自卢尚坟村卢尚坟组昆虫的典型剖面 ,时代属早白垩世巴列姆期 (BarremianStage) ,归卢尚坟昆虫群。对其系统发育及在地史上的分布进行了初步探讨。模式标本保存于北京林业大学。     

中国浙江新昌化石木研究

本文介绍了发现于中国东南沿海地区浙江省新昌县中生代地层中的一种化石木新种———新昌南洋杉型木 (AraucarioxylonxinchangenseDuansp .nov .)。这种化石木保存在早白垩世馆头组中、下部的紫红色泥砂岩中 ,分布在新昌县城西部 ,南北绵延 2 5公里、东西宽约 2公里的狭长地区。由于在化石木产区曾发现过多种植物化石 ,因而确定了该区在早白垩世时期处于我国的欧洲 中国植物区内 ,属亚热带 热带气候区 ,种种迹象表明此时气候有些干旱。同区发现的松柏目叶化石 ,其气孔构造与南洋杉科有一定的亲缘关系 ,这一点似乎与化石木之属可以对应。     

Carbon isotopic abundances in Mesozoic and Cenozoic fossil plants: Palaeoecological implications

Carbon isotopic abundances have been measured for more than one hundred samples of fossil plants ranging in age from middle Triassic to late Tertiary. Most of the plant fossils were identified at the specific or generic level and were selected as representing a variety of continental environments, including xeric and humid habitats. Material analysed included numerous fragments of flowers, seeds, fruits, leaves and wood, as well as a single amorphous lignite sample. The analyses performed for the plant fragments indicate relatively constant isotopic compositions during this time interval, with plant δ¹³C values ranging between -28 and -20%. These values are within the range for living terrestrial plants with C₃, photosynthesis, although values more positive than -23% are rare in C₃ plants and typically found in plants growing under environmental stress. Lower δ¹³C values might have been expected owing to the much higher CO₂, levels of the Cretaceous atmosphere that have been inferred from marine carbonates. No fossils with values indicating C₄, photosynthesis were discovered. Fossil plants from inferred mesic environments showed δ¹³C values ranging between -26.7 and -24.1%. Highest δ¹³C values in angiosperms (up to -20.1%) were measured for Late Cretaceous combretaceous flowers from Portugal. Some cheirolepidiaceous conifers from the Early Cretaceous also showed high δ¹³C values. Values measured for Pseudofrenelopsis varians and Glenrosa taxensis were -21.9%, and values of gymnosperm wood, probably of cheirolepidiaceous affinity, were -19.0%. These high values are in accordance with inferred ecological conditions for the fossil plants. They may suggest a tendency for C₄,-like photosynthesis, although the data are equivocal. Higher values (-17.3%) clearly falling outside the C₃, range were, however, obtained from a single lignite fragment of Late Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) age. The nature of this plant fragment is unknown, but the result suggests that C₄-like photosynthesis was present at least in some latest Cretaceous vegetation. A hadrosaurian dinosaur with well-preserved collagen-like organic matter from the same deposit showed δ¹³C values around-16%, which also suggests the presence of CAM or even C₄ plants in the latest Cretaceous. □Carbon isotopic abundances, δ¹³C values, dinosaurs, plants, photosynthetic pathways, Mesozoic.     

中国浙江新昌化石木研究

本文介绍了发现于中国东南沿海地区浙江省新昌县中生代地层中的一种化石木新种——新昌南洋杉型木 (Araucarioxylon xinchangense Duan sp. nov.)。这种化石木保存在早白垩世馆头组中、下部的紫红色泥砂岩中,分布在新昌县城西部,南北绵延25公里、东西宽约2公里的狭长地区。由于在化石木产区曾发现过多种植物化石,因而确定了该区在早白垩世时期处于我国的欧洲 中国植物区内,属亚热带 热带气候区,种种迹象表明此时气候有些干旱。同区发现的松柏目叶化石,其气孔构造与南洋杉科有一定的亲缘关系,这一点似乎与化石木之属可以对应。     

辽西早白垩世义县组Ruffordia和Nageiopsis的发现及其地层意义

报道辽西义县组两种颇具地层意义的植物化石。Ruffordia goeppertii(Dunker)Seward和Nageiopsis exgr.samioides(Fontaine)berry,根据植物化石认为义县组的时代应属于早白垩世。     

Leaf cuticle ultrastructure of Pseudofrenelopsis dalatzensis (Chow et Tsao) Cao ex Zhou (Cheirolepidiaceae) from the Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation of Jilin,China

The cheirolepidiaceous conifer Pseudofrenelopsis dalatzensis from the Lower Cretaceous Dalazi Formation, Jilin Province, Northeast China is studied in detail based on abundant material. The gross morphology of vegetative shoots shows a greater variation than previously known. Additional information of microstructure is that the adaxial cuticle from the free part of leaves is also papillate as the abaxial cuticle. The excellent preservation of cuticles allows for the first time in this family to four distinct types of cuticle in ultrastructural level: subsidiary cells, guard cells, epidermal cells with and without papillae. Based on 30 measurements the statistic approach on each type of cell cuticle, i.e. not only the total thickness of the cuticle but also details and proportions of all different layers. A key is provided using a combination of 7 significant ultrastructural characters. These results seem to be very promising for the identity of each taxon within the Cheirolepidiaceae family. The cuticular ultrastructure of this family is characterized by having a cuticle proper A composed of A1 wavy polylamellate layer and A2 granular layer, above the cuticular layer B with B1 fibrillate and B2 granular layers. The importance of ultrastructural characters at different levels of taxonomy and palaeoecology is also discussed.     

黑龙江晚白垩世化石木及其古环境研究

描述了3种出自黑龙江省嘉荫县晚自垩世的化石木:嘉荫柏型木(Cupressinoxylon jiayinense WangR.F.,Wang Y.F.et Chen Y.Z.)、柳杉型木(Taxodioxylon cryptomeria Schonfeld)和黑龙江原始云杉型木(Protopiceoxylon amurense DU N.Z.)。它们分别与现存的柏木属(Cupressus)、柳杉属(Cryptomeria)和油杉属(Keteleeria)有较近的亲缘关系。综合化石本研究与其现存近缘3属的地理分布区的环境分析和已有的植物叶大化石及孢粉的研究成果,黑龙江嘉荫地区晚自垩世的植被类型为针阔叶混交林,植物群由松柏类和阔叶树种组成,大多数是亚热带-暖温带分子,少量是温带分子。同时,嘉荫柏型木中真菌菌丝的侵入生长指示湿热生境的存在。上述证据表明黑龙江省嘉荫县晚自垩世为温暖、湿润的亚热带-暖温带气候。     

Fossil Woods from Late Cretaceous of Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China,and Their Palaeoenviromental Implications

Three species of fossil coniferous woods, Cupressinoxylon jiayinense Wang R. F., Wang Y. F. et Chen Y. Z., Taxodioxylon cryptomeria Schonfeld and Protopiceoxylon amurense Du N. Z. from late Cretaceous of Heilongjiang Province,Northeast China, were described. Their wood structural characters showed their affinities to the extant Cupressus, Cryptomeria and Keteleeria respectively. The data from fossil woods, fossil foliage and pollen assemblage of late Cretaceous in the same region showed that the flora consists of conifers and broad-leaved trees and most elements were subtropic or warm-temperate, only a few of them were temperate vegetation. At the same time, the occurrence of fungi filaments in the wood of Cupressinoxylon fiayinense might suggest a type of humid and warm environment. All of these evidences indicated that a humid warm temperate or subtropic paleoclimate had existed in Heilongjiang Province during Late Cretaceous.     

Chinese Cretaceous larva exposes a southern Californian living fossil (Insecta,Coleoptera, Eucnemidae)

Palaeoxenus sinensis Chang, Muona & Teräväinen sp. nov. (Coleoptera, Eucnemidae) is described on the basis of a Cretaceous larva found from the Yixian Formation in Huangbanjigou, Liaoning Province, China. The only previously known member of this clade is a southern Californian endemic, Dohrn's elegant eucnemid beetle (Palaeoxenus dohrni), a species that develops in conifers, especially the incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens). The new find proves that the highly specialized main eucnemid lineages had evolved 123 Mya, before the main radiation of the angiosperms and probably as an adaptation to development in gymnosperms.     

Cyathea cranhamii sp. nov. (Cyatheaceae), anatomically preserved tree fern sori from the Lower Cretaceous of Vancouver Island, British Columbia

Permineralized cyatheaceous sori occur among remains of conifers, fungi, and other plants in newly discovered calcareous concretions from Early Cretaceous (Barremian) marine sediments of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Sori are superficially attached in two rows to narrow pinnules and display a globose sphaeropteroid indusium. Annulate sporangia with multicellular stalks diverge from a basal, vascularized receptacle. The nearly vertical uniseriate annulus is not interrupted by the stalk. The sporangia bear 64 trilete spores with perispore sculpturing that ranges from irregular granulate/echinate to prominent rodlets. These specimens, described as Cyathea cranhamii sp. nov., are the first anatomically preserved tree fern sori from the fossil record. They represent the most ancient evidence for fertile structures of the Cyatheaceae and demonstrate that essentially modern species of cyatheaceous tree ferns had evolved by the Early Cretaceous.     

A new species of Baiera from the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota of southeastern Jilin,China

The Early Cretaceous Yingzuilazi Formation is exposed in the Baishan Basin, Baishan region of the southeastern Jilin Province, China. So far, no reports on fossil plants from this formation have been published. During recent field excursions, abundant faunal remains belonging to the Early Cretaceous Lycoptera–Ephemeropsis–Eosestheria assemblage of the Jehol Biota and numerous fossil plants were collected from the lacustrine beds of the lower part of this formation. A new species of Ginkgoales from this formation, Baiera baishanensis n. sp., is described based upon the leaf morphology and epidermal characters. This is the first report about fossil plants from the Yinzuilazi Formation, the easternmost distribution area of the Jehol Biota. The discovery of the new species extends significantly the stratigraphic and geographic distribution of Baiera in the Early Cretaceous Jehol Biota as well as the Eurasia. It also shows that Baiera was a common member of Ginkgophytes once lived in the Early Cretaceous deciduous forest of Northeast China. The new species also improves our knowledge on understanding the leaf morphology, epidermal features, and diversity of Baiera during the Early Cretaceous. Analysis of the epidermal characters of the new species and other associated plants reveals that the plants grew in a warm and humid climate in the temperate zone. The presence of some deciduous plants, including gingkgoaleans, czekanowskialeans, and some conifers, demonstrates a climate with seasonal fluctuations and precipitation.