HPV18 E7致癌蛋白的高效表达、纯化和鉴定

目的为进一步研究人乳头状瘤病毒18（Human papillomavirus18,HPV18）E7蛋白的结构与功能。方法构建HPV18 E7的谷胱甘肽S-转移酶融合蛋白质粒pGEX-6P-1-GST-HPV18 E7,重组质粒转入大肠埃希菌BL21进行可溶性融合蛋白的高效表达。结果柱上切除法去除GST标签,表达产物经glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和层析纯化,获得了SDS-PAGE和HPLC-ESI-MS纯度的HPV18 E7均质蛋白,非变性PAGE和凝胶过滤表明HPV18 E7以稳定的单体形式存在于水溶液中。高压液相色谱-电喷雾质谱（HPLC-ESI-MS）分析得到HPV18 E7精确分子量为12865．0 Da,与其理论值吻合。纯化蛋白经HPLC-ESI-MS／MS鉴定为目的产物,鉴定出的9个匹配肽段覆盖率为HPV18 E7整个氨基酸序列的96．5％。结论本文所建立的技术可以有效地大量制备HPV18 E7,为进一步研究其结构与功能和致癌机制奠定了重要的物质基础。     

A C-terminal hydrophobic,solvent-protected core and a flexible N-terminus are potentially required for human papillomavirus 18 E7 protein functionality

The oncogenic potential of the high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) relies on the expression of genes specifying the E7 and E6 proteins. To investigate further the variation in oligomeric structure that has been reported for different E7 proteins, an HPV-18 E7 cloned from a Hispanic woman with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia was purified to homogeneity most probably as a stable monomeric protein in aqueous solution. We determined that one zinc ion is present per HPV-18 E7 monomer by amino acid and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy analysis. Intrinsic fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic results indicate that the zinc ion is important for the correct folding and thermal stability of HPV-18 E7. Hydroxyl radical mediated protein footprinting coupled to mass spectrometry and other biochemical and biophysical data indicate that near the C-terminus, the four cysteines of the two Cys-X₂-Cys motifs that are coordinated to the zinc ion form a solvent inaccessible core. The N-terminal LXCXE pRb binding motif region is hydroxyl radical accessible and conformationally flexible. Both factors, the relative flexibility of the pRb binding motif at the N-terminus and the C-terminal metal-binding hydrophobic solvent-protected core, combine together and facilitate the biological functions of HPV-18 E7.     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E7变异株免疫原性研究

采用分子克隆技术,构建E7变异株重组质粒[pcDNA3．1-(by)E7]和E7标准株重组质粒【pcDNA3．1．(ys)-E7】,并将两种质粒分别皮下免疫Balb／c小鼠,免疫后于不同时间提取小鼠血清和制备脾淋巴细胞悬液,分别用ELISA法和MTT比色法检测特异性抗体和特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应。基因免疫后,ELISA法显示,HPVl6E7变异株和标准株均能诱导特异性抗E7抗体;MTTT比色法显示,E7标准株免疫组脾淋巴细胞在体外受到变异株E7蛋白的再次刺激后出现特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应,变异株E7免疫组脾淋巴细胞经过同样处理后,出现非特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果表明HPV16E7变异株能诱导特异性体液免疫应答而不能诱导特异性细胞免疫应答,HPVl6E7变异株无论在结构还是免疫原性上均与标准株有差异。由此推测,HPV16E7变异可能导致其逃逸机体自然感染或疫苗诱导的免疫应答。用基因免疫方法研究E7变异株免疫原性也为其它不能或难以进行体外培养的病毒变异研究提供借鉴。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E7变异株免疫原性研究

采用分子克隆技术,构建E7变异株重组质粒[pcDNA3.1-(by)E7]和E7标准株重组质粒[pcDNA3.1-(ys)-E7],并将两种质粒分别皮下免疫Balb/c小鼠,免疫后于不同时间提取小鼠血清和制备脾淋巴细胞悬液,分别用ELISA法和MTT比色法检测特异性抗体和特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应.基因免疫后,ELISA法显示,HPV16 E7变异株和标准株均能诱导特异性抗E7抗体;MTT比色法显示,E7标准株免疫组脾淋巴细胞在体外受到变异株E7蛋白的再次刺激后出现特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应,变异株E7免疫组脾淋巴细胞经过同样处理后,出现非特异性淋巴细胞增殖反应.结果表明HPV16E7变异株能诱导特异性体液免疫应答而不能诱导特异性细胞免疫应答,HPV16 E7变异株无论在结构还是免疫原性上均与标准株有差异.由此推测,HPV16E7变异可能导致其逃逸机体自然感染或疫苗诱导的免疫应答.用基因免疫方法研究E7变异株免疫原性也为其它不能或难以进行体外培养的病毒变异研究提供借鉴.     

Immortalization of human myogenic progenitor cell clone retaining multipotentiality

Human myogenic cells have limited ability to proliferate in culture. Although forced expression of telomerase can immortalize some cell types, telomerase alone delays senescence of human primary cultured myogenic cells, but fails to immortalize them. In contrast, constitutive expression of both telomerase and the E7 gene from human papillomavirus type 16 immortalizes primary human myogenic cells. We have established an immortalized primary human myogenic cell line preserving multipotentiality by ectopic expression of telomerase and E7. The immortalized human myogenic cells exhibit the phenotypic characteristics of their primary parent, including an ability to undergo myogenic, osteogenic, and adipogenic terminal differentiation under appropriate culture conditions. The immortalized cells will be useful for both basic and applied studies aimed at human muscle disorders. Furthermore, immortalization by transduction of telomerase and E7 represents a useful method by which to expand human myogenic cells in vitro without compromising their ability to differentiate.     

转染人乳头瘤病毒16型E6E7重组基因及感染模型细胞建立

人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)是性传播疾病的主要病原之一,高危型人乳头瘤病毒感染和宫颈癌的关系已被肯定[1],在约50%~90%的宫颈癌组织中可检出HPV16 DNA。为了解与HPV相关疾病的的分子生物学致病基础,尚待深入研究其生物特性和病理特征,方能逐步解决临床简便易行的试验诊断方法和抗HPV感染的治疗问题。目前已经证实HPV16 E6/E7基因是转化基因,它们编码的蛋白可分别使抑癌蛋白P53和PRb失活,在宫颈癌的发生中起着重要作用[2],被认为是宫颈癌的始动因子。本文选择HPV16 E6E7作为研究对象,利用基因重组技术构建EGFP-…     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E5与IL-12联合基因疫苗的免疫活性

为了研制人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV16)防治性疫苗,分析了HPV16 E5与IL-12联合基因疫苗的免疫活性。将构建的pcDNA3.1(+)/E5与pcDNA3.1(+)/IL-12联合免疫BALB/c小鼠,以ELISA测定小鼠血清中抗HPV16 E5 IgG水平、小鼠脾细胞培养上清中IFN-γ和IL-4含量;MTT法检测脾淋巴细胞增殖反应。结果显示末次免疫后,联合基因疫苗组和单基因疫苗组血清IgG A450值分别明显高于pcDNA3.1(+)组、pcDNA3.1(+)/IL-12组和PBS组(P<0.01);且联合基因疫苗组显著高于单基因疫苗组(P<0.01)。联合基因疫苗组和单基因疫苗组的IFN-γ和IL-4含量分别均明显高于pcDNA3.1(+)组、pcDNA3.1(+)/IL-12组和PBS组IFN-γ和IL-4含量(P<0.01),且联合基因疫苗组含量显著高于单基因疫苗组(P<0.01)。联合基因疫苗组和单基因疫苗组脾淋巴细胞刺激指数(SI)分别显著高于pcDNA3.1(+)组、pcDNA3.1(+)/IL-12组和PBS组(P<0.01);联合基因疫苗组与单基因疫苗组比较,SI差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结果表明HPV16 E5单基因疫苗以及与IL-12联合基因疫苗均能刺激机体产生较强的免疫应答,且联合基因疫苗优于单基因疫苗。     

人乳头瘤病毒16型E7基因的体外扩增及其克隆和序列分析

人乳头瘤病毒１６型Ｅ７基因是转化基因。作者设计了一对ＰＣＲ引物,在引物的５′端分别引入ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ酶切序列,以ＨＰＶ１６ＤＮＡ为模板成功地扩增出Ｅ７基因。通过ＥｃｏＲＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ双酶切位点将Ｅ７基因定向克隆入ｐＵＣ１８载体,经过ＰＣＲ、酶切分析和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交鉴定得到Ｅ７重组克隆ｐＨＳＥ７、ＤＮＡ序列分析表明所克隆的Ｅ７基因与已发表的ＨＰＶ１６Ｅ７基因序列完全一致且读框正确。     

应用TDI-FP技术分析宫颈癌组织HPV16 E7基因A647G点突变

模板指导的末端碱基掺入反应结合荧光偏振检测技术(template direct dye-terminator incorporation with fluorescence- polarization,TDI-FP) 是SNP检测新技术. 应用TDI-FP方法分析中国陕西HPV16阳性宫颈组织HPV16 E7基因第647位核苷酸A→G热点突变(即A647G),首先在HPV16阳性的91例宫颈癌及49例正常/宫颈炎妇女宫颈DNA标本中,PCR扩增含647位点在内的HPV16 E7部分基因, 然后将紧邻647位点5′端的寡核苷酸探针与PCR产物内的模板杂交,并延伸一个与647位点碱基互补的荧光标记碱基：TAMRA-ddTTP或R110-ddCTP. 用荧光偏振仪读取荧光偏振 (FP) 值,根据升高的相应FP值判断647位点碱基. 结果表明,宫颈组织HPV16 E7 A647G的总体检出率为35.71% (50/140). 宫颈癌组的A→G突变率为42.86% (39/91),显著高于正常/宫颈炎组22.45% (11/49) 的突变率 (x2 = 5.778, P = 0.016),两组间的OR值为2.59 (95% CI = 1.17~5.71). 提示TDI-FP 可用于HPV有意义点突变的分析;我国陕西地区妇女HPV 16 A647G突变率及其对宫颈癌的警示性与其他地区相比有明显差异,该地区携带此突变病毒株的妇女患宫颈癌的风险可能较高     

Generation of a human melanocyte cell line by introduction of HPV16 E6 and E7 genes

Summary Availability of a standard human melanocyte cell line with unlimited growth potential and otherwise normal melanocytic properties will greatly facilitate research in melanocyte biology and in vitro studies on the etiology of pigmentary disorders and melanoma. Using a retroviral vector, E6 and E7 open reading frames of human papilloma virus type 16 (HPV 16) have been introduced into cultured normal human melanocytes. Cells selected by increased resistance to geneticin conveyed by the vector and expressing E6E7 mRNA have been cloned to ensure genetic homogeneity. Since their establishment as primary cells, cloned PIG1 cells have undergone more than twice the amount of population doublings of senescent parental cells. Moreover, in passage numbers when parental cells had become senescent, proliferation of clonal cells was retained at levels exceeding those of normal human melanocytes in third passage by 100%. Further characterization has revealed that the cells remain dependent on tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) for growth and do not proliferate in soft agar nor form tumors in nude mice. The antigenic profile of the cells was slightly altered as compared to parental cells, but was incomparable to that of M14 melanoma cells. Importantly, PIG1 cells contain more melanin pigment than parental cells.     

人乳头瘤病毒16型L1和L2基因表达产物的鉴定

目的:构建人乳头瘤病毒(human papillomavirus,HPV)16型晚期基因L1及L2的原核表达质粒,并验证目的蛋白的表达.方法:用限制性酶切及连接的方法构建原核表达质粒pET3a-16 L1和pET3a-16 L2,通过SDS-PAGE及Westen blot检测目的融合蛋白的表达.结果:在大肠菌中诱导表达的L1蛋白分子量约为57 KD,L2蛋白分子量约为90 KD.结论:该实验结果为HPV16型预防性基因工程亚单位疫苗的研制和诊断试剂的研究开发奠定了基础.     

Epithelium and fibroblast-like phenotypes derived from HPV16 E6/E7-immortalized human gingival keratinocytes following chronic ethanol treatment

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) may be critical for neoplastic progression and its eventual tumorigenicity of epithelia. In this context, we investigated whether EMT and EMT-associated features occurred after chronic ethanol treatment of human gingival keratinocytes immortalized with the E6/E7 oncogenes of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16. Following a nine-week treatment of cells with 30 mM ethanol in keratinocyte growth medium, they were cultured in normal DMEM with 10% serum. These cell populations were able to proliferate in this medium gradually exhibiting elongated morphology indicating that these cells underwent EMT. Control cells without ethanol treatment did not survive subcultures in DMEM. Upon long-term subcultures of ethanol-treated cells, two phenotypes were obtained exhibiting epithelium-like and spindle-shape fibroblast-like morphology (respectively, termed as EPI and FIB cells), the latter indicating EMT. In comparison to EPI cells, the phenotypic transition to FIB cells was concomitant with a decrease in the expression of keratins, desmoplakins and a complete loss of K14. Moreover, FIB cell transition strongly correlates with an increase in the expression of vimentin and simple epithelial keratin K18. These alterations in FIB cells were associated with the ability of these cells to exhibit anchorage-independent growth, while EPI cells exhibited anchorage-dependent growth. Concerning the transformation stage, FIB cells represent a progressively more advanced transformed phenotype which may reflect an early step during HPV- and ethanol-dependent multi-step carcinogenesis.     

Immortalization with telomerase of the Nestin-positive cells of the human pancreas

Cells expressing the neuronal stem cell marker Nestin are present in the human pancreas but the biological role of these cells has yet to be resolved. We report here the establishment with the catalytic subunit of human telomerase (hTERT) of a line of normal human cells representing this cell type. Primary human cells derived from the ducts of the pancreas were transduced with an hTERT cDNA. The infected cells became positive for telomerase, failed to senesce, and were still proliferating after more than 150 doublings. The immortalized cells were positive for the expression of Nestin (at both the mRNA and protein levels) and were found to be free of cancer-associated changes: diploid and expressing wild type p16(INK4a), p53, and K-Ras. An established line of normal human cells representing this cell type should be of great value to help define the biological properties of this novel cell type.     

人乳头瘤病毒16型亚基因DNA体外转化功能的细胞学研究

利用HZIP16和HZIP16K(见材料和方法)质粒,将人乳头瘤病毒16型(HPV-16)的全早期区基因及其开放读码框架(ORF)E6-E7分别转入ψ2细胞,所产生的重组病毒能诱导NIH3T3细胞发生转化。转化细胞具有恶性细胞的生物学和形态学特征,可在0.3％软琼脂中形成集落,可使裸鼠致瘤。Southern blot证明,HPV-16 E6-E7 ORFs序列以整合形式存在于转化细胞和裸鼠肿瘤细胞DNA中,表明HPV-16 DNA具有体外诱导NIH3T3细胞恶性转化的作用,E6-E7 ORFs是诱导细胞转化的关键基因。     

Normal Human Fibroblasts Immortalized by Introduction of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 (HPV-16) E6-E7 Genes

This report demonstrates that normal human fibroblasts can be immortalized by the introduction of HPV-16 E6-E7 genes. We designed zinc-inducible expression plasmids with HPV-16 E6, E7 or both. Each plasmid was introduced into normal human fibroblasts (TIG-3 cells) using lipofection methods. Only trans-fectants with the HPV-16 E6-E7 zinc-inducible expression plasmid, which were cultured in medium supplemented with 100 μM ZnSO₄, overcame crisis and could be cultured over 200 population doubling levels (PDLs). These cell lines showed the reactivation of telomerase after crisis, and morphological alterations were also observed.     

新疆维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌组织中乳头瘤病毒16型E6基因的克隆和序列分析

为了分析新疆南部地区维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌组织中HPV16型E6基因结构特点，从中国新疆南部地区维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌活检组织标本中提取DNA，以宫颈癌活检组织标本DNA为模板进行PCR扩增，获得HPV16 E6基因，将其克隆到pUCm-T载体上，并对其进行基因全序列分析.PCR检测结果显示宫颈癌组织中HPV16 E6阳性率为82.35%（14/17）；测序结果显示，新疆株HPV16 E6基因全长456 bp，大小与德国标准株一致.E6基因的第247位碱基发生T→G突变，并由此引起所编码的氨基酸亦发生改变.上述结果表明，中国新疆南部地区维吾尔族妇女宫颈癌患者组织中HPV16 E6的基因结构与德国标准株HPV16 E6基因之间存在差异.