CO2激光辐照拟微绿球藻的当代生物学效应研究

采用CO₂激光（波长10.6μm,功率10 w,光束长74 cm）辐照拟微绿球藻（Nannochloropsis sp.YW0980）,辐照时间为30 s、60 s、90 s,通过测定藻色素、多糖、蛋白质及油脂含量,研究CO₂激光对藻的生物学效应。结果表明:30 s、60 s、90 s辐照条件下,对拟微绿球藻细胞生长及代谢产物均有一定的促进作用,其中CO₂激光60 s处理组有利于拟微绿球藻的生长及色素的积累,但30 s剂量下更有利于多糖、蛋白质及油脂含量的积累,分别比对照组提高了51.05%（胞外多糖）,289.45%（总多糖）、37.05%、172.16%。     

半导体激光辐照对拟微绿球藻的生物学效应

目的:研究半导体激光对拟微绿球藻的生物学效应,进而利用激光诱变筛选高产优质藻株.方法:采用半导体激光辐照拟微绿球藻,辐照时间为l 0min、20min、30min.结果:诱变后藻的代谢物产量均有提高.结论:l0min、20min、30min辐照条件下,对拟微绿球藻细胞生长及代谢产物均有不同程度的促进作用,其中10min辐照组有利于拟微绿球藻的生长及色素的积累,分别比对照组提高了45.06％、86.59％、56.06％;但在20min剂量下更有利于胞外多糖、总多糖、蛋白质及油脂含量的积累,分别比对照组提高了67.7％、51.89％、19.16％、69.78％.     

眼点拟微绿球藻生长的生态因子分析

眼点拟微绿球藻(Ｎａｎｎｏｃｈｌｏｒｏｐｓｉｓｏｃｕｌａｔａ)是重要的海水经济藻类,本文研究了温度,光强,盐度,碳因子对藻体生长的影响,并采用正交实验的方法研究了Ｎ,Ｐ,Ｆｅ三因子对其生长的影响。试验表明:眼点拟微绿球藻的生长适温范围０－３０℃,最适温度为２０℃;适光范围较广,喜强光,最适光强５ ０００－７ ０００ ｌｘ;在盐度为１３．７－３３．４范围生长率差别不明显,最适盐度为２６．９;碳源偏喜重碳酸盐。Ｎ浓度为１０μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１,Ｐ浓度为２μｍｏｌ．Ｌ－１,Ｆｅ浓度为０．２μｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１时对该藻生长最有利。     

氮源种类及浓度对眼点拟微绿球藻生长密度、油脂产率和二十碳五烯酸含量的影响

氮源是影响微藻生长和油脂积累的重要因素,文中通过单因素试验比较了NaNO3、CO(NH2)2、NH4Cl、CH3COONH4及其浓度对眼点拟微绿球藻生长密度、生长速率、油脂产率、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)含量的影响。结果表明：NH4+更易被眼点拟微绿球藻利用,能更好地促进微藻生长和油脂积累;氮浓度的增加有利于微藻的生长和藻油脂肪酸的去饱和,但不利于微藻油脂的积累。在实验考察的氮源种类和浓度范围内,CH3COONH4是促进眼点拟微绿球藻生长和油脂积累、EPA生成的适宜氮源,其适宜的浓度为5.29 mmol/L。     

眼点拟微绿球藻对抗生素的敏感性及其无菌藻株的培养

研究了5种抗生素在不同浓度下对眼点拟微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis ocutala)生长的影响。结果表明:浓度为50μg·mL^-1时,氯霉素对眼点拟微绿球藻生长的抑制作用最明显,抑制率高达85.30%,2d和4d的Ic₅₀分别为293.64μg·mL^-1和67.69μg·mL^-1。其次为青霉素、硫酸庆大霉素和硫酸卡那霉素,4d的抑制率分别为8.95%、7.62%和3.84%,其中硫酸庆大霉素2d的Ic₅₀为316.40μg·mL^-1。链霉素对藻细胞生长的抑制作用最轻,抑制率仅为3%。按照抗生素对眼点拟微绿球藻生长抑制作用,由强到弱依次加入50μg·mL^-1青霉素,50μg·mL^-1硫酸庆大霉素,100μg·mL^-1硫酸卡那霉素和50μg·mL^-1链霉素,获得了无菌藻株。     

激光诱变微生物的遗传和刺激效应机理及育种研究 Ⅰ.CO_2激光对酒精酵母菌的诱变效应

本文选择甘蔗糖蜜酒精工业性生产用酿酒酵母菌SaccharomycescerevisiaeAS2.1189作为出发菌株,利用CO2激光对其进行辐照处理．制定出该菌最佳致死量的基础上,从A、B……E等5个不同照射剂量中,共挑取辐照菌639株．经糖蜜发酵后,对产乙醇含量进行了气相色谱分析．结果筛选出乙醇含量高于出发菌株5％～11％范围的辐照菌有5株;而低于10％～33％之间的为9株．表明CO2激光对该酵母菌产乙醇含量的高低有刺激效应．亦提示了CO2激光对酵母菌乙醇脱氢酶系的激活有刺激作用．     

CO_2激光照射对油菜种子活力指数的数学模拟

本试验采用多项式模拟方法 ,研究 CO2 激光对油菜种子活力指标的影响 ,分别得出了发芽种子的下胚轴长与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;发芽种子的胚根长与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;种子的发芽指数与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;萌动种子的过氧化氢酶活性与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;地上部鲜重与 CO2 激光照射时间 ;全株鲜重与 CO2 激光照射时间的数学模型。揭示了油菜种子活力与 CO2 激光照射时间的关系。     

CO_2激光辐射提高蔬菜种子活力的研究

本文总结了 CO2 激光辐射提高蔬菜种子活力的研究成果 ,适量 CO2 激光辐射蔬菜种子可增强种子活力 ,提高幼苗素质 ,增加产量 ,促进早熟 ,加强生理机能 ,改善解剖结构 ,提出一些需要解决的问题和对其进行的初步研究。     

CO_2激光与γ射线辐照花生的效应研究

ＣＯ￣２激光对花生的诱变效应跟￣５０Ｃｏ－γ射线对花生的诱变效应相仿,能诱发花生根尖细胞染色体畸变,且畸变率随辐照剂量的增加而上升;也能使花生的一些生物学特征发生变异,其变异性状能向继代遗传。     

五种微绿球藻产油和产多不饱和脂肪酸的研究

从5种微绿球藻中鉴别出4个高产油藻种和1个产油量很低的藻种。4种高产油微绿球藻在平台期油脂含量最高,占细胞干重的57%以上,其中三酰基甘油的含量占细胞干重的32.4%-45.2%。分析5种微绿球藻细胞的脂肪酸组成及4种高产油藻三酰基甘油中的脂肪酸组成,发现在高产油藻中,总的饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的比例达到95%以上,多不饱和脂肪酸在5%以下,而在产油量很低的微绿球藻中多不饱和脂肪酸比例达45%以上。高产油微绿球藻三酰基甘油的多不饱和脂肪酸含量在4%以下,是生物柴油的优质原料,而产油量低的微绿球藻可用于提取C20:5脂肪酸(EPA)。       

外源碳源和盐度对微拟球藻QA2生长和油脂积累的影响

微藻因生长速度快、含油量高、可作为生物柴油的优质原料而备受关注。本实验以一株海洋微拟球藻QA2为材料,研究了外源碳源的种类和浓度对其生长和油脂积累的影响。结果表明,以NaHCO3、CH3COONa和Na2CO3为外源碳源均能促进QA2藻株的生长,但以培养液中添加15mmol·L^-1CH3COONa对QA2藻株的生长和油脂积累的促进作用最为明显,总脂和脂肪酸的日产率分别是对照的2．73倍和5．67倍。同时利用叶绿素荧光技术研究了盐度对QA2光合作用的影响,表明QA2对盐度有较宽的适应范围,盐度在1．5％～6．0％范围内,不会对油脂产率造成明显的影响,但盐度增加能抑制QA2藻株PSII的电子传递,引起反应中心色素和捕光色素的降解,影响QA2的光合作用和生长,可见QA2培养的最适盐度应为3．0％。这为开放式规模培养微藻及其相关研究提供依据和参考。     

Process optimization and modeling for the cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis striata via response surface methodology

The aim of this study was to determine the optimal physical process conditions for the cultivation of locally isolated strains of Nannochloropsis sp. and Tetraselmis striata to achieve maximum growth rate. It was essential to evaluate biomass production at different agitation rates, light intensities, and temperature levels. Central composite design and response surface methodology were applied to design the experiments and optimize the cultivation process for Nannochloropsis sp. and T. striata. The specific growth rate of 0.250 d^?1 was obtained for Nannochloropsis sp. cells under the light intensity of 54 μmol photons · m^?2 · s^?1, at the agitation rate of 151 rpm in 24.5°C. The optimal physical process conditions for T. striata were obtained under the light intensity of 56 μmol photons · m^?2 · s^?1 in 25.5°C at the agitation rate of 151 rpm in 25.5°C, resulting in a specific growth rate of 0.226 d^?1. The predicted values were justified by the verification tests. Good agreement between the predicted values and the experimental values confirmed the validity of the models for the cultivation of microalgal strains. In this article, the noteworthy result was that temperature was a dominant factor in obtaining high chl‐a content for Nannochloropsis sp., whereas the growth of T. striata strongly depended on light exposure.     

提高CO_2浓度对两种亚热带树苗叶片水分状况的影响

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的主要优势乔木树种黧蒴和荷木的幼苗 ,盆栽于自然光照和人工调节 CO2 浓度为 50 0μl· L- 1或空气 CO2 ( 340μl· L- 1)的气罩中 3个月 .在各自生长条件下测定 ,高 CO2 下生长的黧蒴和荷木叶片平均气孔导度分别降低 1 3%和2 0 % ,蒸腾速率下降 2 0 %和 1 8% ,水分利用效率提高 1倍以上 ,不同 CO2 浓度下的植物叶片气孔导度和蒸腾速率日进程曲线也有明显差异 .处理后将幼苗置于自然条件下观测其后效应 ,第 7d时处理间的气孔导度和蒸腾速率皆无明显差异     

A Modular Flat Panel Photobioreactor (MFPP) for indoor mass cultivation of Nannochloropsis sp. under artificial illumination

Nannochloropsis sp. was grown in a Modular FlatPanel Photobioreactor (MFPP) consisting of sixalveolar panels each with 20.5 L culture volume and3.4 m² illuminated surface area. The panelsformed a closely-packed unit with illuminationprovided by banks of fluorescent tubes placed betweenthe panels. The whole unit was contained in athermoregulated cabinet. Continuous illumination ofone side of the panels with 115 molphoton m^-2 s^-1 attained a mean volumetricproductivity of 0.61 g (d. wt) L^-1 24 h^-1,increasing to 0.97 g (d. wt) L^-1 24 h^-1 whenthe same irradiance was provided on both sides of thepanels. With 230 mol photon m^-2 s^-1 onone side of the panel, a mean productivity of 0.85 g(d. wt) L^-1 24 h^-1 was achieved, whichreached 1.45 g (d. wt) L^-1 24 h^-1 when bothsides were illuminated. Increasing the amount of lightprovided to the culture (either by increasingirradiance or the illuminated surface area) decreasedpigment and enhanced the total fatty acid content, butdid not change significantly the content ofeicosapentaenoic acid. A MFPP of the presentdimensions could produce sufficient microalgae tosupport a hatchery producing 6 million sea breamfingerlings annually.     

Response of growth and fatty acid compositions of Nannochloropsis sp. to environmental factors under elevated CO2 concentration

Nannochloropsis sp. was grown with different levels of nitrate, phosphate, salinity and temperature with CO₂ at 2,800 μl l⁻¹. Increased levels of NaNO₃ and KH₂PO₄ raised protein and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) contents but decreased carbohydrate, total lipid and total fatty acids (TFA) contents. Nannochloropsis sp. grew well at salinities from 22 to 49 g l⁻¹, and lowering salinity enhanced TFA and PUFAs contents. TFA contents increased with the increasing temperature but PUFAs contents decreased. The highest eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5ω3) content based on the dry mass was above 3% under low N (150 μM NaNO₃) or high N (3000 μM NaNO₃) condition. Excessive nitrate, low salinity and temperature are thus favorable factors for improving EPA yields in Nannochloropsis sp.     

Desulfurization of light gas oil in immobilized-cell systems of Gordona sp. CYKS1 and Nocardia sp. CYKS2

Desulfurizations of a model oil (hexadecane containing dibenzothiophene (DBT)) and a diesel oil by immobilized DBT-desulfurizing bacterial strains, Gordona sp. CYKS1 and Nocardia sp. CYKS2, were carried out. Celite bead was used as a biosupport for cell immobilization. Seven-eight cycles of repeated-batch desulfurization were conducted for each strain. Each batch reaction was carried out for 24 h. In the case of model oil treatment with strain CYKS1, about 4.0 mM of DBT in hexadecane (0.13 g sulfur l(oil)(-1)) was desulfurized during the first batch, while 0.25 g sulfur l(oil)(-1) during the final eighth batch. The mean desulfurization rate increased from 0.24 for the first batch to 0.48 mg sulfur l(dispersion)(-1) h(-1) for the final batch. The sulfur content in the light gas oil was decreased from 3 to 2.1 g l(oil)(-1) by strain CYKS1 in the first batch. The mean desulfurization rate was 1.81 mg sulfur l(dispersion)(-1) h(-1), which decreased slightly when the batch reaction was repeated. No significant changes in desulfurization rate were observed with strain CYKS2 when the batch reaction was repeated. When the immobilized cells were stored at 4 degrees C in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) for 10 days, the residual desulfurization activity was about 50 approximately 70% of the initial value.     

Arthrobacter sp.2PR降解2-羟基吡啶动力学及降解特性研究

从辽河口石油污染土壤中筛选到一株能够以2-羟基吡啶作为唯一碳源、氮源和能源进行生长的菌株2PR,基于形态学观察、16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定菌株2PR属于节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)。菌株2PR生长和降解2-羟基吡啶的最适条件是30℃,pH为7.0。当2-羟基吡啶初始浓度为6.0mg/ml时,120h菌株2PR对2-羟基吡啶的降解效率为94.48%,初始2-羟基吡啶浓度为8.0mg/ml时,156h的降解效率为89.21%。对2-羟基吡啶降解动力学过程进行模拟,结果显示菌株2PR生长和降解过程符合logisitic模型,该模型为环境中2-羟基吡啶的生物降解提供了理论参考。休止细胞反应和中间代谢产物检测表明,菌株2PR在降解2-羟基吡啶的过程中生成了蓝色化合物4,5,4',5'-tetrahydroxy-3,3'-diazadiphenoquinone-(2,2')。推测该菌株降解2-羟基吡啶的途径可能是首先由双加氧酶催化生成2,3,6-三羟基吡啶,后者会自发形成蓝色中间代谢产物,2,3,6-三羟基吡啶发生开环反应,最终被完全降解。菌株2PR是已报道菌株中2-羟基吡啶耐受能力和降解能力最强的菌株,在污染物生物修复方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

人类活动对亚热带森林大气CO_2浓度及两种木本植物碳水化合物含量的影响

研究了包括旅游、宗教活动及工厂废气等不同类型的人类活动对亚热带森林大气CO2 浓度及两种木本植物荷木和马尾松碳水化合物代谢的影响 .结果表明 ,人类不同形式的活动不但影响了CO2 日进程变化 ,而且使CO2 的垂直分布发生了改变 .与对照相比 ,人类活动引起森林大气 (5～ 1 5m)CO2 上升了 4～ 1 1 μl·L- 1 .马尾松和荷木叶片的可溶性糖和非结构性碳水化合物随人类活动的加强而下降 ,其下降趋势与CO2 上升趋势基本一致 .树木上层 (1 5m)叶片的可溶性糖和淀粉受影响较明显 ,纤维素含量受人类干扰相对较小 .荷木和马尾松的碳水化合物代谢对人类活动的响应不同