茄子耐盐种质资源遗传多样性的SRAP和ISSR分析

利用SRAP和ISSR分子标记,研究了14份耐盐茄子种质资源的遗传多样性,结果表明,2种标记均能揭示材料间较高的遗传多样性,其中ISSR标记多态性略高于SRAP标记。在SRAP分析中,每对引物组合可扩增出8-15条DNA片段,平均为12．12条：26对SRAP引物组合共扩增出315条DNA片段,其中263条具有多态性,多态性比率为83．49％;材料间遗传相似系数变化范围为0．212～0．923,平均值为0．755。在ISSR分析中,每个引物可获得5～16条DNA片段,平均为10．87条;15个ISSR引物共扩增出163条DNA片段,其中141条具有多态性,多态性比率为86．50％;材料间遗传相似系数变幅为0．333-0．957,平均值为0．736。聚类分析表明,2种标记都能将供试材料完全区分开来,聚类结果具有一定的相似性,但也存在明显差异。Mantel相关分析表明,SRAP分析与ISSR分析的相关性达到极显著性水平（r=0．904,P〈0．01）。     

小苍兰种质遗传多样性的ISSR分析

利用ISSR(Inter Simple Sequence Repeat)分子标记对12份小苍兰(Freesia refracta)种质进行了遗传多样性分析研究。从34条ISSR引物中筛选出了12条适宜的引物。这12条引物中每条引物可扩增出5~11条DNA片段,共扩增了96个条带,其中多态性片段62条,平均每条引物可产生5.2条多态性片段,多态性条带比率(PPB)为64.6%。经NTSYS-pc分析,12份小苍兰种质间的遗传距离(GD)的变化范围为0.123~0.907,平均为0.442。根据Nei’s相似系数建立了UPGMA聚类图,在相似系数为0.56时,可将紫色花系的小苍兰种质与其它种质分开,形成两个组。结果表明,ISSR分子标记可有效地分析小苍兰种质资源的遗传多样性和亲缘关系,为小苍兰的杂交育种和新品种保护提供理论基础。     

观光木种群遗传多样性的ISSR研究

使用单因素筛选和均匀设计实验建立并优化了观光木ISSR—PCtL的最佳反应体系．从100条ISSR引物中筛选出8条多态性好、扩增稳定的ISSR引物,106份材料共扩增出12l条条带,其中109条呈现多态性,多态位点百分率（PPB）达90．08％。扩增片段为250～2000bp,平均每个引物扩增出15条片段．说明观光木种群间存在丰富的遗传多样性。观光木种群间的Nei’s基因多样性指数（He）=0．3557,Shannon信息指数（I）=0．5276,种群间的分化系数（Gst）=0．6480,而种群内的He=0．1261,I=0．1939,Gst=0．3520,说明观光木种群间的遗传多样性是观光木遗传变异的主要来源。     

虎杖种质资源的分子标记研究

本文应用RAPD、ISSR和SRAP标记对26份虎杖种质资源遗传多样性进行检测.在22个引物中有17个引物(77.3%)扩增产物具多态性,多态性水平相对较高.22个引物共得到98条扩增DNA片段,其中90.8%具有多态性.每个多态性引物平均可扩增出5.24个多态性片段.聚类分析表明,利用BAPD、ISSR和SRAP技术相结合可将全部供试材料区分开,26份材料在Gs值0.54水平上全部聚为一类,以所有材料间的平均遗传相似遗传系数0.71为阈值,将其分为11类.虎杖种质资源在分子水平上确实存在较大遗传差异,RAPD、ISSR和SRAP标记可作为构建虎杖DNA指纹图谱的有效工具.     

应用RAPD和ISSR标记对24份花生栽培种材料进行遗传多样性分析

利用RAPD引物和ISSR引物分析我国24份花生栽培种材料的遗传多样性.结果表明:所选的RAPD引物和ISSR引物中分别有13条引物和10条引物扩增出了清晰并可重复的条带,共扩增出123条带和87条带,平均每条引物扩增出9.5条带和8.7条带,其中多态性带分别占条带总数的47.15％和57.47％,平均每条引物扩增出4...     

拟南芥抗盐突变体的RAPD分析

以筛选得到可以稳定遗传的抗盐单基因突变体2^#和15^#以及野生型拟南芥为材料进行RAPD分析,150条引物中有3条引物在突变体之间扩增出多态性,不仅证明了DNA水平突变的发生,而且表明它们之间遗传背景相似,是一系列抗盐性不同的近似等位基因系。1条引物在突变体的扩增产物比在野生型的扩增产物多出一个大小约为1200bp的片段,初步认为该片段与抗盐的主效基因有关。     

分子标记鉴定常山胡柚优良基因型的初步研究

本研究利用RAPD和ISSR分子标记对常山胡柚的优良基因型进行鉴定,并探讨常山胡柚的起源。从100个RAPD引物中筛选出12个多态性引物用于正式扩增,共得到117条DNA带,其中多态性DNA带64条,占扩增片段的54．7%;从105个ISSR引物中筛选出11个多态性引物用于正式扩增,共得到94条DNA带,其中多态性DNA带58条,占扩增片段的61．7%。RAPD和ISSR分析揭示了常山胡柚及其近缘种的一些特异性条带。ISSR共产生了15条特异条带,RAPD共产生12特异性条带。实验数据用AMOVA软件计算遗传距离,用NTSYS-pc软件构建UPGMA聚类树状图。结果显示,所有的基因型及不同种之间均能够彼此区分,分析得到的指纹图谱对常山胡柚种和基因型的鉴定具有潜在的应用价值,可用于优良基因型的鉴定。聚类分析结果显示常山胡柚和甜柚聚为一枝,确定了甜柚是杂交亲本之一,但是常山胡柚和柚的遗传距离较远,说明常山胡柚可能是甜橙、柚和柑桔属其他种的多重自然杂交的结果。     

矮化早熟高粱突变体的RAPD分析

以随机扩增多态DNA(RandomAmplifiedPolymorphicDNA,RAPD)标记方法对航天搭载得到的矮化早熟高粱突变体进行遗传特性分析,利用适合玉米的引物对高粱进行引物筛选,从31种随机引物中共扩增出4条多态性片段,反映出突变体的遗传差异性。     

ISSR分子标记检测大麻遗传多样性的初步分析

目的:利用ISSR分子标记技术初步检测和分析中国云南和内蒙地区毒品原植物大麻的遗传多样性。方法:用CTAR法提取大麻基因组DNA,设计10个ISSR引物,扩增产物采用6%中性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳-硝酸银染色法检测,根据出现的条带数目和片段大小等分析大麻的多样性。结果:从10个ISSR引物中筛选出的4个引物用于2个地区的大麻基因组DNA扩增,PCR产物可以检测到51条重复性较好、带型清晰的DNA片段,其多态性总体比率为78.43%。云南地区和内蒙地区大麻样品可分别获得43和33条带,其中多态性条带分别为33条(76.74%)和21条(63.64%)。结论:ISSR分子标记技术揭示了大麻具有较高的遗传多样性,对于鉴别犯罪现场大麻检材的产地及种属来源具有一定的价值。     

基于ISSR标记的烤烟种质遗传多样性研究

利用ISSR标记分析了24份代表性烤烟种质的遗传多样性。从100个ISSR引物中筛选出10个引物,通过聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳可以检测到208条稳定的条带,片段大小介于200~2 400 bp之间,条带数在7~37条之间;扩增片段中多态性带141条,平均多态性比率(PPB)为67.79%。 通过UPGMA聚类分析,24个烤烟品种分为5类,最大一类有12个材料,主要衍生于Coker319。品种间遗传相似指数(GS)范围为0.66~0.85,表明其遗传多样性较低,需要拓宽烤烟种质的遗传基础。同时,利用2个多态性好的ISSR引物可以将这24份烤烟材料区分开,每个品种都有各自独特的指纹图谱,表明ISSR标记适于烟草品种鉴定和遗传多样性研究。     

Deciphering genetic diversity analysis of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) using RAPD and ISSR markers

The existence of genetic diversity in Crocus sativus has globally remained a mystery till date. The study investigated PCR based DNA amplification profile of saffron using ISSR and RAPD based primers. A total of 38 amplicons were generated by ISSR primers in the range from 7 to 12 with an average of 9.50 bands per primer. 20 bands were found to be polymorphic and 18 were monomorphic with an average percentage of polymorphism as 52.48%. RAPD based amplification revealed a total 161 amplicons, 107 as polymorphic and 54 as monomorphic with an average percentage of polymorphism as 66.44%. Cumulative results of RAPD and ISSR demonstrated that Nei-Li’s similarity index ranged between 0.70 and 0.97. The results of AMOVA has revealed 9% of variance among populations and 91% of variance within populations, Φ PT was found as 0.089, which indicates existence of genetic differences though limited. In conclusion, the results indicate that saffron accessions are minimally genetically differentiated, which could be capitalized in future breeding programmes to ameliorate this precious crop.     

红松ISSR-PCR实验系统影响因素

本文探讨了红松(Pinus koraiensis Sieb.et Zucc.)ISSR实验中的各种影响因素,分别对红松的鲜叶、干叶、胚和胚乳4种材料进行了DNA的提取和PCR扩增,证明4种取样方式都是可行的.另外分析了模板的纯度和浓度、dNTP浓度以及TaqDNA聚合酶的浓度等对ISSR-PCR扩增的影响;尝试了不同的退火温度、延伸时间和循环次数,筛选出17个扩增稳定且多态性丰富的ISSR引物;建立了红松ISSR的最佳反应体系,为进行红松种群间遗传分化的研究奠定基础.     

蚬壳花椒ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立及优化

通过单因素试验及正交设计方法对影响蚬壳花椒ISSR-PCR扩增的主要因素(模板DNA、Mg2+的浓度、引物、dNTPs,TaqDNA聚合酶的用量以及退火温度)进行优化,以建立蚬壳花椒ISSR-PCR反应的最佳体系。结果表明:最佳反应体系(20μL)为模板DNA 60ng、MgCl2 2.5mmol/L、dNTPs 0.15mmol/L、引物0.6μmol/L、TaqDNA聚合酶2.4U。在此基础上,从100条引物中筛选出18条扩增稳定、多态性好的ISSR引物并经过10份蚬壳花椒种质检验,证明该体系具有扩增条带清晰、稳定、重复性好等优点。该反应体系的建立为蚬壳花椒种质资源分类、遗传多样性分析提供了更客观可靠的方法。     

红松ISSR-PCR 实验系统影响因素

本文探讨了红松(Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc.) ISSR实验中的各种影响因素,分别对红松的鲜叶、干叶、胚和胚乳4种材料进行了DNA的提取和PCR扩增,证明4种取样方式都是可行的。另外分析了模板的纯度和浓度、dNTP浓度以及TaqDNA聚合酶的浓度等对ISSR-PCR扩增的影响;尝试了不同的退火温度、延伸时间和循环次数, 筛选出17个扩增稳定且多态性丰富的ISSR引物;建立了红松ISSR的最佳反应体系,为进行红松种群间遗传分化的研究奠定基础。     

观赏南瓜及葫芦种质资源遗传多样性分子评价

利用RAPD和ISSR标记对28份观赏南瓜及葫芦种质资源进行遗传多样性分子评价。结果表明:12个RAPD引物和13个ISSR引物分别扩增出89条和93条清晰谱带,平均每个引物分别扩增出6.1条和6.2条多态性谱带,多态性比率分别为82%和86%。RAPD和ISSR标记检测供试材料的遗传相似性系数(GS)范围分别为0.31～0.99和0.33～0.99,ISSR(平均GS值0.68)检测多态性效果高于RAPD(平均GS值0.73)。利用UPGMA法基于RAPD与ISSR混合聚类,将28份观赏南瓜及葫芦种质分为3类,类群的划分与果实形状明显相关:第Ⅰ类群包括15份种质,为扁圆形、卵圆形、圆球形或圆筒状的早熟或晚熟果实;第Ⅱ类群包括11份种质,为汤匙形、梨形、扁球形或皇冠形的早中熟果实;第Ⅲ类群包括2份种质,为葫芦形的晚熟果实。     

不同地域银杏大蚕蛾的遗传多样性

银杏大蚕蛾Dictyoploca japonica Moore是一种重要的林业害虫,近年来在我国局部地区暴发且有逐步蔓延的趋势。利用ISSR技术对10个不同地域的银杏大蚕蛾的基因组DNA进行遗传多样性分析。结果表明:所采用的35个随机引物中,有20个引物扩增出清晰且重复性好的条带,扩增总片断数为299条,其中有250个位点具有多态性,多态性位点比率为83·61%,不同地域银杏大蚕蛾间的遗传距离(D)在0·2315~0·4147之间。根据D值,由UPGMA聚类分析软件绘制了分子进化树,发现不同地域银杏大蚕蛾已发生种群分化。     

朝鲜碱茅ISSR-PCR反应体系的建立与优化

为进一步开展朝鲜碱茅种质资源遗传多样性的研究,以野生朝鲜碱茅(Puccinellia chinampoensis)为材料,通过单因子试验对ISSR-PCR反应进行优化。确立最佳的PCR反应体系:在20μL反应体系中,含有模板DNA 40 ng,dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L,引物0.8μmol/L,TaqDNA聚合酶1 U,MgCl22.5 mmol/L和10×PCR Buffer(Mg2+free)2μL。此外,还筛选到10条扩增稳定、条带丰富的候选引物,并确定了各自的最佳退火温度。     

Genetic similarity among cultivars of Phyllostachys pubescens

Phyllostachys pubescens is the most important economic bamboo species in China, which grows widely in the South of China. There are more than ten cultivars in this species but their genetic relationship still remains unknown. We used both amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) techniques to determine genetic similarity among ten cultivars of P. pubescens and two related species. Eight hundred and twenty seven bands, in which 495 are polymorphic, were detected using 15 pairs of AFLP primers whereas total 231 bands, in which 154 bands are polymorphic, were scored using 16 ISSR primers. Statistic analysis showed that the genetic similarity matrices obtained from these two sets of molecular markers had a significant correlation (R = 0.959, P = 0.013). The dendrogram generated with AFLP and ISSR markers could clearly genetically identify ten cultivars of P. pubescens that had high similarity with genetic distances ranging from 0.023 to 0.108, and could be divided into three groups based on their genetic variation and similarity. Our results suggest that these molecular markers are useful to genetically classify cultivars or varieties of a species, particularly a bamboo species.     

Assessment of genetic diversity in dent and popcorn (Zea mays L.) inbred lines using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification

Popcorn (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown in the United States are derived from narrow-based germplasm, and standard RFLP analysis detects relatively little polymorphism. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) amplification, a novel technique based on PCR amplification of inter-microsatellite sequences to target multiple loci in the genome, was employed to investigate its potential for detection of polymorphism among nineteen popcorn and eight dent corn inbred lines. ISSR yielded an average of 54 bands/primer/inbred line, with over 98% of the bands repeatable across DNA extractions and separate PCR runs. Ten primers based on di- and tri-nucleotide tandem repeats revealed 73% and 87% polymorphism among popcorn and dent corn lines, respectively, with an overall 95% polymorphism rate. Principal component and cluster analyses resulted in grouping of dent and popcorn lines corresponding to their heterotic breeding pools. ISSR amplification, in addition to being both simple and cost and time efficient, provides for rapid production of highly polymorphic markers which appear to correspond to known pedigree information. Therefore, the ISSR technique may have great potential for identifying polymorphism in species with narrow-based germplasm, and for use in DNA marker-assisted breeding approaches.     

Single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) methods reveal subsequent increase in genetic variations in micropropagated plants of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f. maintained for three consecutive regenerations

The genetic fidelity of in vitro-raised plants of three successive regenerations of Nepenthes khasiana Hook. f. was assessed using three different single primer amplification reaction (SPAR) methods, viz., random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and direct amplification of minisatellite DNA region (DAMD) markers. Out of 80 RAPD primers screened, 14 primers reflected a genetic variation of 4.1% in the first regeneration which was increased to 9.4% in the third regeneration. In the case of ISSR, out of 36 primers screened for assessment of genetic homogeneity of the regenerated plantlets, 12 primers showed an increase of genetic variation from 4.3% to 10% from the first to the third regenerations. In DAMD profiling, 15 primers were used for the evaluation of genetic fidelity where 8.47% of polymorphism was observed in the first regeneration which was increased to 13.33% in the third regeneration. The cumulative analysis reflected a genetic variation of 5.65% in the first regeneration which increased subsequently to 7.77% in the second regeneration and 10.87% in the third regeneration. The present study demonstrates SPAR technique to be an efficient tool for the assessment of clonal fidelity of in vitro-raised plants.