转HAL1基因番茄的耐盐性

利用农杆菌介导的叶盘法,把HAL1 基因转入番茄,Southern杂交检测得到转基因植株.耐盐实验表明, T1代转基因番茄在150 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下仍有43%的发芽率,200 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下发芽率为6%,而对照种子在100和150 mmol/L的NaCl胁迫下发芽率分别为11.0%和0.转基因番茄的电解质相对外渗率小于对照,而根冠比和叶绿素含量大于对照,转HAL1基因显著提高了番茄的耐盐性.盐胁迫下Na 、K 的累积状况表明,转基因番茄根、茎、叶的K /Na 均有所提高,根系的SK/Na增大,茎、叶的RSK/Na和RLK/Na减小,说明根系对K /Na 离子的选择吸收和运输能力加强.不但选择吸收K /Na ,而且表现出整株水平上的有利于耐盐的K /Na 区域化分配.     

小黑杨花药培养植株转化胆碱氧化酶基因提高耐盐性

以小黑杨(Populus simonii ×P. nigra)花药培养植株无菌苗叶片为外植体, 通过根癌农杆菌(Agrob acteriumtumefaciens)介导法将胆碱氧化酶基因(codA)导入小黑杨中, 共获得4株转化株系, PCR扩增和Southern杂交检测结果全部 呈阳性, 表明codA基因已整合到小黑杨花药培养植株基因组中。荧光定量RT-PCR检测证明, codA基因在小黑杨花药培养植株中获得表达。耐盐实验结果显示, 各转基因株系在0.6%的NaCl浓度下能够生长, 而非转基因对照小黑杨受盐害严重, 说明codA基因的导入提高了转基因植株的耐盐性。     

转金属硫蛋白基因(MT1)烟草耐NaCl胁迫能力

为明确柽柳(Tamarix sp.)金属硫蛋白(MT1)基因过量表达对提高植物耐NaCl能力的作用,对转MT1因烟草进行分子检测和生理特性分析,结果表明具有卡那霉素抗性的转基因植株经RT-PCR Southern杂交均表现为阳性,说明外源MT1基因已整合到烟草基因组,并且得到了表达。金属硫蛋白基因的过量表达提高了转基因烟草植株的耐NaCl能力,表现为在含有150mmol/L和300mmol/L NaCl的MS培养基上,转基因植株的株高和鲜重均明显优于非转基因株系;在生理性状上表现为转基因植株丙二醛(MDA)含量明显低于非转基因株系,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性比非转基因株系明显增加。     

AtNHX5基因过量表达对拟南芥耐盐性的影响

为了研究AtNHX5基因在植物耐盐中的作用,构建了植物过量表达载体pROKⅡ-AtNHX5,并转化拟南芥。结果显示:(1)RT-PCR检测表明,转基因拟南芥中AtNHX5基因的表达大幅提高。(2)对转基因纯合株系进行耐盐性分析显示,AtNHX5过量表达提高了植株在种子萌发和苗期的耐盐性。(3)转基因植株在盐处理下的干重、鲜重以及地上部分Na+、K+含量均高于野生型对照。在200mmol/L NaCl处理下,以转基因株系a1-4为例,其地上部分单株鲜重、单株干重、K+含量分别是野生型的1.27、1.54、1.16倍,较野生型显著升高。研究表明,过量表达AtNHX5基因促进了盐胁迫下转基因植株对K+的吸收,转基因拟南芥的耐盐性明显提高。     

小黑杨花药培养植株转化胆碱氧化酶基因提高耐盐性

以小黑杨（Populus simonii×p．nigra）花药培养植株无菌苗叶片为外植体,通过根癌农杆菌（Agrobacterium tumefaciens）介导法将胆碱氧化酶基因（codA）导入小黑杨中,共获得4株转化株系,PCR扩增和Southern杂交检测结果全部呈阳性,表明codA基因已整合到小黑杨花药培养植株基因组中。荧光定量RT-PCR检测证明,codA基因在小黑杨花药培养植株中获得表达。耐盐实验结果显示,各转基因株系在0．6％的NaCl浓度下能够生长,而非转基因对照小黑杨受盐害严重,说明codA基因的导入提高了转基因植株的耐盐性。     

用基因枪法介导OSISAP1基因遗传转化洋葱

以洋葱栽培品种‘HG400B’的鳞茎盘胚性愈伤组织为受体,利用基因枪介导法将水稻锌指蛋白基因OSISAP1导入洋葱中。组织化学染色检测到GUS基因在胚性愈伤组织中的瞬间表达活性,PCR、Southern杂交和RT-PCR分析,证实OSISAP1基因已整合到洋葱基因组中并实现高水平表达,转化率约为10%。对获得的转基因植株进行NaC1和NaHCO_3胁迫处理,当总浓度为200 mmol/L、处理1周后,未转基因植株会黄化、枯萎、死亡,而转基因植株却有很强的抗性,能耐受400mmol/L浓度的胁迫,表明OSISAP1基因的导入提高了转基因植株的耐盐碱性。     

转油菜素内酯合成基因DET2烟草对NaCI胁迫的反应

通过农杆菌介导法,将含有油菜素内酯合成基因DET2的植物表达栽体pCAMBIA2301-DET2转入烟草,获得转基因烟草植株.用T1代转基因阳性株进行耐NaCl试验,结果显示,NaCl胁迫下转基因烟草、非转基因对照烟草的出苗率、幼苗鲜重、株高及根长均随NaCl浓度增加而下降.但在相同NaCl浓度下,转基因植株鲜重、株高及根长均明显高于非转基因对照烟草,并且转基因植株的丙二醛( MDA)含量低于非转基因植株,诱导蛋白基因P5CS表达高峰出现时间晚于非转基因植株.说明DET2的表达提高了烟草的耐NaCl能力.     

利用Cre/lox重组系统获得无选择标记的SKTI抗虫转基因烟草

将置于两个同向lox位点之间的Bar基因表达盒与大豆胰蛋白酶抑制剂SKTI基因表达盒融合后获得相应植物表达载体,转化烟草Wisconsin 38后获得对棉铃虫具有明显抗性的SKTI转基因植株。SKTI转基因植株通过叶盘二次转化法导入Cre基因,对再生植株叶盘进行Basta的抗性检测,检测Bar基因的删除情况。结果表明:绝大多数再生植株对应叶盘在含8 mg/L PPT的筛选培养基上无法再生,Bar基因被删除的效率在38%~100%之间。对Bar基因删除区域进行PCR及克隆测序后发现Bar基因表达盒被精确删除。对Bar基因删除植株开花自交获得的分离后代进行NPTⅡ抗性检测,5株NPTⅡ敏感植株分子检测显示均只含有SKTI基因而无Cre基因存在,为无选择标记基因的SKTI转基因植株。     

转甜瓜CmSAMDC基因拟南芥的获得及其耐盐性研究

该研究以哥伦比亚生态型野生拟南芥为材料,将甜瓜CmSAMDC基因构建到植物双元表达载体pCAMBIA1304上,采用农杆菌介导法转入拟南芥,在含有50mg/L潮霉素(Hyg)MS固体培养基上筛选转基因后代,并利用T3代转基因幼苗进行耐盐性分析。结果显示:(1)成功构建了植物超表达载体35S∷CmSAMDC,并经农杆菌介导法转化拟南芥,潮霉素抗性筛选后获得了转CmSAMDC基因拟南芥T3代植株。(2)转CmSAMDC基因拟南芥T3代幼苗在含100、150、200mmol/L NaCl培养基中,侧根长势比野生型植株更为健壮;在200mmol/L NaCl浇灌处理后,转CmSAMDC基因T3代植株仍能维持正常生长,而野生型植株的生长明显受到抑制;在400mmol/L NaCl浇灌处理后16d,野生型植株逐渐死亡,而转基因植株仍能继续存活;对盐胁迫后植株的脂质过氧化程度(MDA)测定显示,野生型植株MDA水平较转基因植株上升更为明显。研究表明,过表达甜瓜CmSAMDC基因增强了转基因拟南芥的耐盐性。     

转果聚糖蔗糖转移酶基因(Sac B)美丽胡枝子的获得

采用农杆菌介导的遗传转化方法,将来自枯草杆菌的果聚糖蔗糖转移酶基因(Sac B) 导入美丽胡枝子,以提高胡枝子抵御干旱胁迫和盐胁迫的能力。以美丽胡枝子子叶节为外植体,通过与含有植物双元表达载体pKP的农杆菌LBA4404 共培养,将Sac B 基因导入美丽胡枝子基因组。经卡那霉素筛选后,共获得62 株卡那霉素抗性植株。经PCR特异性扩增和PCR-Southern杂交,证明有5株再生植株基因组DNA 中整合了Sac B 基因。通过RT-PCR分析,结果表明SacB 基因均获得表达。经过200 mmol/L NaCl和5% PEG模拟胁迫,发现转基因植株美丽胡枝子中,可溶性糖含量在任何时候均高于未转化植株,并比对照拥有更高的抗干旱胁迫和盐胁迫能力。     

AtNHX1基因对荞麦的遗传转化及抗盐再生植株的获得

通过农杆菌介导法将拟南芥液泡膜Na⁺/H⁺反向转运蛋白基因AtNHX1转入荞麦中,在2.0mg/L 6-BA、0.1mg/L IAA、1mg/L KT、50mg/L卡那霉素和500mg/L头孢霉素的MS培养基上进行选择培养,从来源于864块外植体的36块抗性愈伤组织中共获得426棵再生植株（转化频率为4.17%）。经PCR、Southern印迹分析、RT-PCR和Northern检测,初步证实AtNHX1基因已整合至荞麦基因组中。用200mmol/L的盐水对转基因植株和对照植株进行胁迫处理6周,转基因植株能够生存,而对照植株死亡。用不同浓度的NaCl溶液处理转基因植株和对照植株,发现Na⁺及脯氨酸含量在转基因植株中的积累水平显著高于对照植株,而K⁺的含量在转基因植株中的积累水平低于对照植株。次生代谢产物黄酮类化合物芦丁在转基因植株根、茎和叶片中的含量也比对照植株明显要高。这些结果表明利用基因工程手段提高作物的耐盐性是可行的。     

AtNHX1基因对荞麦的遗传转化及抗盐再生植株的获得

通过农杆菌介导法将拟南芥液泡膜Na⁺/H⁺反向转运蛋白基因AtNHX1转入荞麦中,在2.0mg/L 6-BA、0.1mg/L IAA、1mg/L KT、50mg/L卡那霉素和500mg/L头孢霉素的MS培养基上进行选择培养,从来源于864块外植体的36块抗性愈伤组织中共获得426棵再生植株（转化频率为4.17%）。经PCR、Southern印迹分析、RT-PCR和Northern检测,初步证实AtNHX1基因已整合至荞麦基因组中。用200mmol/L的盐水对转基因植株和对照植株进行胁迫处理6周,转基因植株能够生存,而对照植株死亡。用不同浓度的NaCl溶液处理转基因植株和对照植株,发现Na⁺及脯氨酸含量在转基因植株中的积累水平显著高于对照植株,而K⁺的含量在转基因植株中的积累水平低于对照植株。次生代谢产物黄酮类化合物芦丁在转基因植株根、茎和叶片中的含量也比对照植株明显要高。这些结果表明利用基因工程手段提高作物的耐盐性是可行的。     

Functional analysis of a novel male fertility CYP86MF gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis makino)

In our earlier work, a cytochrome P450 CYP86MF gene was isolated from floral bud of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. ssp. chinensis Makino, syn. B. rapa L.) by mRNA differential display PCR (DD-PCR) and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). To unravel the biological function of CYP86MF gene, the antisense fragment from the CYP86MF gene was transferred into Chinese cabbage pak-choi (B. campestris ssp. chinensis var. communis Tsen et Lee). Out of 22 plants transformed with the antisense gene constructed from the CYP86MF, 20 reached to flowering stage. Morphological investigations showed that the transgenic plants developed the normal floral organ. However, they remained self-infertile, even when artificial self-pollination was performed in the bud stage. Pollen germination test indicated that the pollen from the transgenic line TB-2 could not germinate normally. Further physiological, biochemical and cytological analyses showed that only significant difference was detectable in contents of the endogenous hormones, and a layer of unknown material adhered to the surface of microspore. The present studies thus provided valuable clues for understanding the biological function of the CYP86C subfamily genes. Furthermore, our studies also demonstrate a novel method for obtaining artificial male sterility line of Chinese cabbage.     

转CkLEA4基因拟南芥种子萌发期的抗逆性分析

该研究在实验室前期研究的基础上,将受脱水、盐胁迫和ABA诱导的柠条锦鸡儿CkLEA4基因转入野生型拟南芥,并利用实时荧光定量PCR从8株纯合体中筛选出3个表达量不同的株系,比较野生型和转CkLEA4基因过表达拟南芥种子在不同胁迫处理下的萌发率,以探讨CkLEA4基因在植物抵抗逆境胁迫中的功能。结果发现:(1)在不同浓度NaCl、甘露醇及ABA处理下,转CkLEA4基因过表达拟南芥种子的萌发率均高于野生型,随着NaCl、甘露醇及ABA浓度增加,各株系萌发率均降低,但野生型的萌发率下降幅度均高于3个过表达株系,并且在200mmol/L NaCl和400mmol/L甘露醇处理下,过表达株系子叶绿化率均显著高于野生型。(2)在低浓度ABA处理下,CkLEA4过表达植株子叶的绿化率也高于野生型。研究表明,柠条锦鸡儿CkLEA4基因提高了拟南芥种子萌发阶段对盐、ABA及渗透胁迫的耐受性。     

Salt stress alleviation in transgenic Vigna mungo L. Hepper (blackgram) by overexpression of the glyoxalase I gene using a novel Cestrum yellow leaf curling virus (CmYLCV) promoter

A reproducible and efficient transformation system utilizing the nodal regions of embryonal axis of blackgram (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) has been established via Agrobacterium tumefaciens. This is a report of genetic transformation of Vigna mungo for value addition of an agronomic trait, wherein the gene of interest, the glyoxalase I driven by a novel constitutive Cestrum yellow leaf curling viral promoter has been transferred for alleviating salt stress. The overexpression of this gene under the constitutive CaMV 35S promoter had earlier been shown to impart salt, heavy metal and drought stress tolerance in the model plant, tobacco. Molecular analyses of four independent transgenic lines performed by PCR, Southern and western blot revealed the stable integration of the transgene in the progeny. The transformation frequency was ca. 2.25% and the time required for the generation of transgenic plants was 10–11 weeks. Exposure of T1 transgenic plants as well as untransformed control plants to salt stress (100 mM NaCl) revealed that the transgenic plants survived under salt stress and set seed whereas the untransformed control plants failed to survive. The higher level of Glyoxalase I activity in transgenic lines was directly correlated with their ability to withstand salt stress. To the best of our knowledge this is the only report of engineering abiotic stress tolerance in blackgram. Prasanna Bhomkar, Chandrama P. Upadhyay are contributed equally. An erratum to this article can be found at     

A cytosolic NADP-malic enzyme gene from rice (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Oryza sativa</Emphasis> L.) confers salt tolerance in transgenic <Emphasis Type="Italic">Arabidopsis</Emphasis>

NADP-malic enzyme (NADP-ME, EC 1.1.1.40) functions in many different pathways in plant and may be involved in plant defense such as wound and UV-B radiation. Here, expression of the gene encoding cytosolic NADP-ME (cytoNADP-ME, GenBank Accession No. AY444338) in rice (Oryza sativa L.) seedlings was induced by salt stress (NaCl). NADP-ME activities in leaves and roots of rice also increased in response to NaCl. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants over-expressing rice cytoNADP-ME had a greater salt tolerance at the seedling stage than wild-type plants in MS medium-supplemented with different levels of NaCl. Cytosolic NADPH/NADP⁺ concentration ratio of transgenic plants was higher than those of wild-type plants. These results suggest that rice cytoNADP-ME confers salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings.     

厚藤脱水素基因IpDHN启动子IpDHN-Pro的克隆和调控转录活性分析

为了解厚藤(Ipomoea pes-caprae)脱水素基因IpDHN (GenBank登录号:KX426069)启动子的转录活性和对非生物胁迫和植物激素ABA的响应,通过染色体步移法克隆了IpDHN的上游启动子序列IpDHN-Pro,长度为974 bp。构建IpDHN-Pro调控下GUS转基因载体,转化拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)植株获得IpDHN-Pro::GUS转基因植株并进行GUS染色,验证IpDHN-Pro启动转录活性以及在氯化钠、甘露醇、ABA处理后拟南芥GUS基因表达变化。结果表明,扩增获得的IpDHN-Pro序列包含多个顺式作用元件,包括1个ABRE、3个Myb转录因子结合位点、富含TC的重复序列以及Skn-1基序等。转基因拟南芥GUS染色及qRT-PCR表明该序列可驱动GUS基因在拟南芥稳定表达,且表达受高盐、渗透压及ABA的诱导。这表明IpDHN-Pro是一个盐旱、ABA诱导的启动子序列,可应用于相关的植物抗逆遗传工程研究。     

中间锦鸡儿WRKY75基因对拟南芥耐受盐和ABA能力的影响

该研究从旱生灌木中间锦鸡儿中克隆得到1个CiWRKY75基因。序列分析显示,CiWRKY75开放阅读框长570bp,编码189个氨基酸,含有1个WRKYGQK基序和1个C2H2型锌指结构,属于第二类WRKY转录因子。亚细胞定位显示,CiWRKY75定位于细胞核。实时荧光定量PCR检测表明,CiWRKY75基因的表达受盐胁迫和ABA诱导。在拟南芥中过量表达CiWRKY75后,与野生型拟南芥相比,转基因株系种子的萌发率在盐胁迫下降低,并且对盐胁迫的耐受能力明显减弱;ABA处理下,2个转基因株系的种子萌发率(10.3%、9.6%)较野生型(25.9%)明显降低。研究表明,CiWRKY75是中间锦鸡儿对盐和ABA响应的重要调控因子。     

Generation of transgenic wheat plants producing high levels of the osmoprotectant proline

Plasmid DNA (pBI-P5CS), containing the selectable neomycin phosphotransferase-II `npt II' gene for kanamycin resistance and the reporter -glucuronidase `gus' gene as well as the Vigna aconitifolia ¹-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase `P5CS' cDNA that encodes enzymes required for the biosynthesis of proline, was delivered into wheat plants using Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer via indirect pollen system. Southern, northern and western blot analysis demonstrated that the foreign gene had been transferred, expressed and integrated into wheat chromosomal DNA. Salinity test indicated that proline acts as an osmoprotectant and its overproduction in transgenic wheat plants results in the increased tolerance to salt.     

Overexpression of the Escherichia coli catalase gene, katE, enhances tolerance to salinity stress in the transgenic indica rice cultivar, BR5

Salinity stress is a major limiting factor in cereal productivity. Many studies report improvements in salt tolerance using model plants, such as Arabidopsis thaliana or standard varieties of rice, e.g., the japonica rice cultivar Nipponbare. However, there are few reports on the enhancement of salt tolerance in local rice cultivars. In this work, we used the indica rice (Oryza sativa) cultivar BR5, which is a local cultivar in Bangladesh. To improve salt tolerance in BR5, we introduced the Escherichia coli catalase gene, katE. We integrated the katE gene into BR5 plants using an Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated method. The introduced katE gene was actively expressed in the transgenic BR5 rice plants, and catalase activity in T₁ and T₂ transgenic rice was approximately 150% higher than in nontransgenic plants. Under NaCl stress conditions, the transgenic rice plants exhibited high tolerance compared with nontransgenic rice plants. T₂ transgenic plants survived in a 200 mM NaCl solution for 2 weeks, whereas nontransgenic plants were scorched after 4 days soaking in the same NaCl solution. Our results indicate that the katE gene can confer salt tolerance to BR5 rice plants. Enhancement of salt tolerance in a local rice cultivar, such as BR5, will provide a powerful and useful tool for overcoming food shortage problems.