内蒙古西部地区蒙古族、汉族4项人类群体遗传学特征的研究

从1998~2001年调查了内蒙古自治区鄂尔多斯市、锡林郭勒盟、巴彦淖尔盟的蒙古族、汉族6个群体的拇指类型、环食指长、指甲类型、足趾长等4项人类群体遗传学指标,共获有效资料2760例。研究表明：（1）6个群体的直型拇指出现率均在60％以上,且均无性别间明显差异;（2）6个群体环指长率均远高于食指长率,有4个群体存在性别间显著差异;（3）各群体均表现出长型指甲最多、方型次之、扁型最少;（4）6个群体均多为拇趾长型,且各群体均无性别间显著差异;（5）4项指标之间无明显相关关系。 Abstract:From 1998 to 2001,a sample of 2760 Mongol and Han individuals was investigated in 3 areas (Eerduosi city,Xilinguole and Bayannaoer leagues) from Inner Mongolia.Each individual was studied on 4 genetic characters (thumb type,palmar digital formular,fingernail type and plantar digital formular).The result is as follows:(1) The frequencies of the straight thumb were over 60%,and there were no significant sexual differences in all of 6 groups.(2) The frequencies of the ring-finger-longer were much higher in 6 groups,and there were significant sexual differences in 4 groups.(3) The frequencies of the long-shaped fingernail were the highest in all groups,the squat-shaped were the lowest.(4) The big toes were longer than the second toes in most people of 6 groups,but without significant sexual differences in each groups.(5) There were no significant correlations between 4 characters.     

湖北汉族五项遗传性状的分析研究

报道了湖北医药学院1 498名(男746、女752)汉族大学生的拇指类型、环食指长、手的惯用、手指嵌合、交叉臂共五项人类遗传学经典指标.研究显示:1)拇指类型、环食指长、手指嵌合、交叉臂的分布在男女性别间有显著差异;2)手指嵌合、拇指类型、惯用手、交叉臂、环食指长等性状存在地区间差异;3)惯用手与扣手间存在明显的相互关系.     

宁夏回、汉族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

调查了宁夏回、汉族拇指类型,环食指长、扣手,交叉臂及惯用手等5项人类遗传学经典指标,结果显示：（1）2民族间环食指长百分率有极的差异（P＜0．01）,拇指类型,扣手,交叉臂及惯用手百分率无显著性差异（P＞0．05）,（2）拇指类型,扣手,交叉臂及惯用手百分率无性别间差异,男性环指长百分率高于女性,差异显著（P＜0．05）。（3）惯用手与扣手,交叉臂之间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间无关。     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

汉、回、蒙古族拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂及惯用手的研究

作者于1996年在内蒙古调查了汉、回、蒙古族5项人类遗传学经典指标(拇指类型、环食指长、扣手、交叉臂、惯用手)。研究结果显示:(1)3个民族间拇指类型、扣手出现率存在显著性差异,交叉臂、惯用手出现率则无显著性差异,环食指长出现率蒙-汉、蒙-回间存在显著性差异;(2)拇指类型、扣手、惯用手出现率无性别间差异,环食指长出现率男女间存在显著性差异;(3)惯用手与扣手、惯用手与交叉臂间存在明显的相互关系,交叉臂与扣手之间则无关;(4)与国外人群比较,3个民族环指长出现率高,交叉臂R型出现率较高,扣手R型出现率较低,惯用手L型出现率高于印度的一些群体。 Abstract:Authors in vestigated 5 general indexes of anthrotogical genetics including pollical type,palmar digital formula,hand clasping,arm folding and handedness in Han,Hui and Mongol nationalities in 1996.The results showed as follows:(1)There were significant differences in the frequency of pollical type and hand clasping in 3 nationalities,but those of arm folding and handedness showed nosignificant difference and the frequencies of palmar digital formula between the Mongol and the Hui revealed significant difference.(2)There were no significant sexual difference in the frequency of pollical type,hand clasping and handedness while the long type (R) of ring finger revealed significant sexual difference.(3)There were obvious correlations between handedness and hand clasping,handedness and arm folding but no relation between arm folding and hand clasping.(4)In comparison with foreign ethnic groups,the 3 nationalities showed higher frequencies of long type (R) of ring finger and right-arm folding but the frequence right-hand clasping revealed slightly lower.The findings showed higher frequence of Left-Handedness than that of Indian population.     

内蒙古三个民族舌运动类型的遗传学研究

调查了内蒙古汉、蒙古、回族舌运动类型(卷舌、翻舌、叠舌、三叶舌与尖舌),共716例。研究结果显示:各种舌运动类型出现率性别间均无显著性差异;卷舌基因分别与叠、翻、尖、三叶舌基因间存在着互相作用关系,卷舌基因对叠舌基因是隐性上位基因,对翻舌、尖舌、三叶舌基因是修饰基因;内蒙古3个民族间卷、叠、尖舌出现率接近。本文首次调查并研究了尖舌性状。尖舌在过去国内外文献中未见报道。 Abstract:The tongue moving types(including tongue rolling,tongue twisting,tongue folding,clover-leaf tongue and pointed tongue)of 716 cases of Han,Mongol and Hui nationalities in Inner Mongolia were investigated.The results showed that no difference in the frequencies of various tongue moving types between male and female and that the frequencies of rolling,folding and pointed tongue were close to each other among the three nationalities of Inner Mongolia.However,some interactions between genes were revealed,that the rolling gene is a recessive epistatic gene to folding gene and a modifier gene to twisting,pointed and clover-leaf gene respectively.The research on pointed tongue in this paper has never been reported in China and abroad.     

4个普通小麦同核异质系的遗传特征研究

培育出具有Ｄ＾２型细胞质的普通小麦核质杂种可育系Ｄ＾２－ＣＡ８０５７,来源于Ｄ＾２型细胞质变的不育系ｍｓＤ＾２－ＣＡ８０５７和来源于普通小麦ＣＡ８０５７细胞质变异的不育系ｍｓＡ－ＣＡ８０５７。     

云南蒙古族体质特征

在云南省通海县调查了439例(男为202例, 女为237例)蒙古族人的67项体质指标(9项观察指标和58项测量指标), 计算出32项体质指数, 并对身高和11项指数进行了分型统计。研究结果表明: (1)云南蒙古族有蒙古褶率较低,有上眼睑皱褶率较低。鼻根高度男的中型率最高, 女的低型率最高。鼻翼高度男女均以中型率最高, 上唇皮肤部高度男女多为中等; 耳垂男女以三角形率最高。发色多为黑色, 眼色多为褐色, 肤色多为黄色。(2)云南蒙古族身高男女均为亚中等身材, 男性的亚中等型率最高, 女性的矮型率最高。按分型比例来看, 云南蒙古族男女均为中头型(头长宽指数)、高头型、超狭面型、中胸型、中肩型、中腿型、窄骨盆型、中躯干型率最高。头宽高指数男性为中头型率最高, 女性为阔头型率最高。(3)在7个蒙古族族群中, 蒙古族头长值、鼻高值最大, 鼻宽、口裂宽、形态面高值最大,头宽、额最小宽、面宽、身高、体重值最小。(4)在14个云南族群中, 云南蒙古族形态面高、鼻高、体重值大, 身高值较大,鼻宽、口裂宽值较小。(5)云南蒙古族体质与阿昌、白族、彝族最为接近。(6)云南蒙古族总体上属于蒙古人种南亚类型体质, 是南亚类型中体质相对接近于北亚类型的一个族群。(7)云南蒙古族体质形成与其族源及与周边族群的基因交流有关。     

应用SRAP标记分析黄瓜的遗传差异

利用49对SRAP引物对4种不同类型28份黄瓜种质资源进行了遗传差异分析.结果表明,有35对引物扩增出多态性,在28份资源间共产生724条扩增带,平均每对引物组合产生20.69条;共检测出337个多态性位点,多态性比率为46.5%,每对引物平均为96.3个.利用NTSYS软件分析遗传相似系数,UPGMA方法聚类分析表明,28份资源可聚为两大类.试验结果表明SRAP标记位点多,重复性好,可以揭示不同类型黄瓜种质之间的遗传基础.     

新疆四个民族中12对遗传性状基因频率分布的研究

本文对新疆维吾尔、哈萨克、柯尔克孜、塔吉克族人群的前额发际等12对遗 传性状进行了调查,计算出各个性状的基因频率、并在4个民族之间进行了比较研究。 Abstract:Twelve characters including hair beared on forehead were investigated among Uygur,Kazak,Kirgiz,and Tajik Xinjiang province.The gene frequencies of the twelve characters were calculated and compared among the four minorities.     

中国图瓦人体质特征

在新疆阿勒泰地区调查了图瓦人159例(男55, 女104)的67项体质指标(9项观察指标和58项测量指标), 计算出26项体质指数, 并对身高和11项指数进行了分型统计。研究结果表明: 1)图瓦人有上眼睑皱褶率为71.70%, 有内眦褶率为47.80%, 有耳垂率为55.97%, 肤色多为浅色, 发色黑色, 眼色褐色。鼻根多数中等或低, 男女均以中鼻型居多。鼻翼发育中等, 红唇发育中等偏薄, 男性耳垂三角形的最多, 方形次之, 女性以三角形和圆形为主。2)图瓦人男女身高均数分别为166.7cm和152.6cm, 体重均数分别为71.25kg和58.93kg。按指数分型标准, 中国图瓦人特圆头型率、高头型率、中鼻型率、宽胸型率、窄骨盆型率、中腿型率、长躯干型率、矮胖型率最高。男性还以阔头型率、中面型率、宽肩型率最高。女性还以阔面型率最高。3)图瓦人体质特征具蒙古人种北亚类型体质特点, 与柯尔克孜族、塔塔尔族、布里亚特人体质接近。     

A Comparative Study of Four Types of Free Flaps from the Ipsilateral Extremity for Finger Reconstruction

Aim

To compare the outcomes of finger reconstruction using arterialized venous flap (AVF), superficial palmar branch of the radial artery (SPBRA) flap, posterior interosseous perforator flap (PIPF), and ulnar artery perforator free (UAPF) flap harvested from the ipsilateral extremity.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the outcomes for 41 free flaps from the ipsilateral extremity in the reconstruction of finger defects in 41 patients with small/moderate skin defects, including 11 AVFs, 10 SPBRA flaps, 10 PIPFs, and 10 UAPF flaps. Standardized assessment of outcomes was performed, including duration of operation, objective sensory recovery, cold intolerance, time of returning to work, active total range of motion (ROM) of the injured fingers, and the cosmetic appearance of the donor/recipient sites.

Results

All flaps survived completely, and the follow-up duration was 13.5 months. The mean duration of the complete surgical procedure for AVFs was distinctly shorter than that of the other flaps (p<0.05). AVFs were employed to reconstruct skin defects and extensor tendon defects using a vascularized palmaris longus graft in 4 fingers. Digital blood supply was reestablished in 4 fingers by flow-through technique when using AVFs. Optimal sensory recovery was better with AVFs and SPBRA flaps as compared with UAPF flaps and PIPFs (p<0.05). No significant differences were noted in ROM or cold intolerance between the 4 groups. Optimal cosmetic satisfaction was noted for the recipient sites of AVFs and the donor sites of SPBRA flaps. The number of second-stage defatting operations required for AVFs was considerably lesser than that for the other flaps.

Conclusion

All 4 types of free flaps from the ipsilateral extremity are a practical choice in finger reconstruction for small/moderate-sized skin defects. AVFs play an important role in such operations due to the wider indications, and better sensory recovery and cosmetic appearance associated with this method.     

应用花粉匀浆物质诱导花生遗传性状变异的初步研究

本研究以开封白皮花生品种为受体。用具有选择标记性状的1218品种花粉匀浆为供体,处理发育成熟的该受体植株柱头,再用受体正常花粉授粉,获得了具有目标牲状变异的后代。其中,荚果的大小、结果数和种皮颜色等性状的转化更为明显。以上结果在不同试验、不同组合中,均得到重复。试验表明,此方法在花生育种上具有较大的实际应用价值。但具体技术和选育程序,根据花生的生物学特点还有待进一步研究。