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1.
    
Yin X W  Zhu S S  Huang J  Liu P F 《农业工程》2011,31(6):328-333
In the present work, we evaluated the feeding selectivity of starved Daphnia magna on two freshwater green algae Chlamydomonas sajao and Chlorellapyrenoidosa. Compared to C. pyrenoidosa, food quality of C. sajao are better in food palatability (cell size and digestibility), but poor in nutritional content (total carbon content). D. magna was starved for 0 and 8 d, and then was allowed to graze on a mixture of C. sajao and C. pyrenoidosa with following proportion: 5 × 104: 35 × 104 cells ml?1, 20 × 104: 20 × 104 cells ml?1 and 35 × 104: 5 × 104 cells ml?1. The results indicated that the ingestion rate and filtration rate of starved D. magna, comparing with satiated groups, on C. pyrenoidosa increased significantly, while, inverse trends was observed in C. sajao. Base on selectivity coefficient of D. magna, we observed that when D. magna was in satiation C. sajao will be preferred, while, C. pyrenoidosa will be selected when D. magna was in starvation, and moreover, these foraging behaviors were not influenced by the relative food abundance of each green alga. Therefore, a tradeoff between food palatability (physical makeup) and food nutritional content (chemical composition) can be hypothesized in the foraging behavior of D. magna, which is modified by the starvation of feeder. High valuable food is always selected by D. magna as predicted by optimal foraging theory. However, when D. magna is in satiation food diets with adequate size and easy digestibility will be preferred, while, those foods with relatively higher lipid or total carbon content will be selected when D. magna is in starvation.  相似文献   

2.
    
To investigate the biochemical response of freshwater green algae to elevated CO2 concentrations,Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang cells were cultured at different CO2concentrations within the range 3-186 μmol/L and the biochemical composition, carbonic anhydrase (CA),and nitrate reductase activities of the cells were investigated. Chlorophylls (Chl), carotenoids, carbonhydrate,and protein contents were enhanced to varying extents with increasing CO2 concentration from 3-186μmol/L. The CO2 enrichment significantly increased the Chl a/Chl b ratio in Chlorella pyrenoidosa, but not in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The CO2 concentration had significant effects on CA and nitrate reductase activity. Elevating CO2 concentration to 186 μmol/L caused a decline in intracellular and extracellullar CA activity. Nitrate reductase activity, under either light or dark conditions, in C. reinhardtii and C. pyrenoidosa was also significantly decreased with CO2 enrichment. From this study, it can be concluded that CO2enrichment can affect biochemical composition, CA, and nitrate reductase activity, and that the biochemical response was species dependent.  相似文献   

3.
  总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
To investigate the biochemical response of freshwater green algae to elevated CO2 concentrations, Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Dang cells were cultured at different CO2 concentrations within the range 3-186μmol/L and the biochemical composition, carbonic anhydrase (CA),and nitrate reductase activities of the cells were investigated. Chlorophylls (Chl), carotenoids, carbonhydrate,and protein contents were enhanced to varying extents with increasing CO2 concentration from 3-186μmol/L. The CO2 enrichment significantly increased the Chl a/Chl b ratio in ChloreUa pyrenoidosa, but not in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The CO2 concentration had significant effects on CA and nitrate reductase activity. Elevating CO2 concentration to 186μmol/L caused a decline in intracellular and extracellullar CA activity. Nitrate reductase activity, under either light or dark conditions, in C. reinhardtii and C. pyrenoidosa was also significantly decreased with CO2 enrichment. From this study, it can be concluded that CO2 enrichment can affect biochemical composition, CA, and nitrate reductase activity, and that the biochemical response was species dependent.  相似文献   

4.
Productivity of outdoor algal cultures in enclosed tubular photobioreactor   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
At quasi-steady-state outdoor cyclic fed batch cultures of Chlorella pyrenoidosa, the growth irradiance incidented on the tubular photobioreactor increased about fivefold between 9:00 a.m. and noon. Overheating of the cultures was observed, resulting in decreasing biomass output rate when culture temperature went above 40 degrees C. In cultures with temperature control, the quasi-steady-state output rate of all cultures increased throughout the day and leveled off in the late afternoon in high-density cultures. The daily area output rate was proportional to the density of the cultures. The specific growth rate of the light-limited cultures increased only marginally (20%) in the morning. (c) 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

5.
两品系萼花臂尾轮虫摄食强度的比较研究   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1  
对广州和芜湖两品系萼花臂尾轮虫的摄食强度及其与食物浓度、食物种类和培养时间之间的关系进行了比较研究.结果表明,食物浓度、食物种类和培养时间均对轮虫滤水率和摄食率有显著影响.两品系轮虫滤水率和摄食率均随培养时间的延长而减小;20 h内,两品系轮虫的总滤水率均与食物浓度呈曲线相关,而两品系轮虫总摄食率均与食物浓度呈直线相关.广州和芜湖两品系轮虫均在以小球藻为食物时有较大的滤水率,分别为0.0029±0.0001和0.0039±0.0008ml·ind.-1·h-1;广州品系轮虫以小球藻为食物时的摄食率(0.3992×104±0.00850×4 cell·ind.-1·h-1)显著地大于以栅藻为食物时的摄食率(0.170×4±0.0370×4 cell·ind.-1·h-1),而它们均与以混合藻为食物时的摄食率无显著差异;芜湖品系轮虫摄食率不受食物种类影响.轮虫滤水率和摄食率因食物浓度、食物种类和培养时间的不同而在品系间存在着差异.  相似文献   

6.
试验研究了小球藻吸附U(VI)的过程,探讨了吸附机理、吸附热力学和动力学.考查了pH值、时间、U(VI)的起始浓度和温度等对吸附的影响.研究表明,pH值对小球藻的吸附效果影响较大,小球藻吸附U(VI)的最佳pH值为6,最大吸附量为2.7mg/g,吸附在5min内基本达到平衡.小球藻对U(VI)的吸附量与其浓度的正相关;温度在20℃-30℃时,对铀的吸附影响不大.实验结果还表明,吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程,其相关系数达0.99,该吸附为多种反应同时作用的复杂过程.U(VI)在小球藻上的吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir等温方程来描述.  相似文献   

7.
李跃  谢水波  林达  李仕友  陈婷 《微生物学报》2008,35(5):0760-0764
试验研究了小球藻吸附U(VI)的过程, 探讨了吸附机理、吸附热力学和动力学。考查了pH值、时间、U(VI)的起始浓度和温度等对吸附的影响。研究表明, pH值对小球藻的吸附效果影响较大, 小球藻吸附U(VI)的最佳pH值为6, 最大吸附量为2.7 mg/g, 吸附在5 min内基本达到平衡。小球藻对U(VI)的吸附量与其浓度的正相关; 温度在20℃~30℃时, 对铀的吸附影响不大。实验结果还表明, 吸附过程符合准二级动力学方程, 其相关系数达0.99, 该吸附为多种反应同时作用的复杂过程。U(VI)在小球藻上的吸附行为可以很好地用Langmuir等温方程来描述。  相似文献   

8.
药用植物浸提液抑制蛋白核小球藻生长的化感效应   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
柴民伟  石福臣  马妍  马俊改 《生态学报》2010,30(18):4960-4966
研究了11种药用植物浸提液对水华藻种蛋白核小球藻的影响,结果显示:黄连、重楼、贯众、防己4种药用植物的浸提液均有抑藻效应。当药用植物浸提液的相对浓度为1g/L处理时,其半抑制效应时间LT50的排序为:防己重楼黄连贯众。进一步研究防己的相对浓度梯度抑藻效应,结果表明:在相对浓度为2g/L时,实验3d后的藻细胞几乎全部死亡;防己的抑藻效应受贮藏时间和贮藏温度的影响不显著。在所研究的药用植物中,防己的抑藻效果最好,在抑藻方面有较大应用前景,其它3种药用植物对轻度藻类爆发的控制也有潜在应用价值。  相似文献   

9.
张薇  吴虹  宗敏华 《微生物学报》2008,35(6):0855-0860
从5种不同来源的小球藻中筛选到1株油脂产量较高的蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa No.2。研究了培养基组成及培养条件对其细胞生长和油脂积累的影响。结果表明, 最适培养基组成为(g/L):葡萄糖 20, 甘氨酸 0.08, MgSO4·7H2O 0.4, K2HPO4 1.0, FeSO4·7H2O 0.004; 适宜的培养温度、初始pH、摇床转速和光照强度分别为28℃、6.0、130 r/min和 650 Lux。在上述优化条件下培养7 d, Chlorella pyrenoidosa No.2的生物量和油脂含量分别由优化前的3.73 g/L 和 40.15%提高到6.56 g/L和59.90%, 油脂产量提高了162%。Chlorella pyrenoidosa No.2能以木糖为碳源产油脂, 可望用于以木质纤维素等可再生生物质资源为原料生产油脂。气相色谱分析表明该油脂的脂肪酸组成与植物油相似, 不饱和脂肪酸含量达71%左右, 可作为生产生物柴油的原料。  相似文献   

10.
小球藻生产生物柴油的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
金城 《微生物学通报》2010,37(8):1258-1258
<正>生物柴油是一种以动植物油脂为原料制备、可替代化石柴油的绿色新能源。然而,以动植物油脂为原料的生物柴油其原料成本占总生产成本的75%左右,并且消耗大量可食用的植物油脂;以餐饮废弃油脂为原料虽然可有效降低生产成本,但原料来源有限,难以满足大规模生产的需要,且产品的质量难以保证。微藻是一类单细胞藻类,其在特定的条件下可大量积累油脂,而且藻油具有与一般植物油脂类似的脂肪酸结构,因此被认为是一种具有巨大潜力的新型生物柴油油脂原料[1]。  相似文献   

11.
蛋白核小球藻发酵产油脂的研究   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3       下载免费PDF全文
张薇  吴虹  宗敏华 《微生物学通报》2008,35(6):0855-0860
从5种不同来源的小球藻中筛选到1株油脂产量较高的蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoi-dosa No.2.研究了培养基组成及培养条件对其细胞生长和油脂积累的影响.结果表明,最适培养基组成为(g/L):葡萄糖20,甘氨酸0.08,MgSO4·7H2O 0.4,K2HPO4 1.0,FeSO4·7H2O 0.004;适宜的培养温度,初始pH、摇床转速和光照强度分别为28℃、6.0、130 r/min和650 Lux.在上述优化条件下培养7 d,Chlorella pyrenoidosa No.2的生物量和油脂含量分别由优化前的3.73 g/L和40.15%提高到6.56 g/L和59.90%,油脂产量提高了162%.Chlorella pyrenoidosa No.2能以木糖为碳源产油脂,可望用于以木质纤维素等可再生生物质资源为原料生产油脂.气相色谱分析表明该油脂的脂肪酸组成与植物油相似,不饱和脂肪酸含量达71%左右,可作为生产生物柴油的原料.  相似文献   

12.
蛋白核小球藻凝集素的分离纯化及部分性质研究   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5  
蛋白核小球藻藻粉的PBS抽提液经硫酸铵二步分级沉淀 ,再经DEAE Sepharose和SephadexG 10 0层析 ,从中分离纯化得到蛋白核小球藻凝集素 (CPL)。经测定 ,该凝集素为单个亚基的蛋白质 ,相对亚基分子量为 1 4× 10 4 — 1 5× 10 4 ,分子中不含糖。在氨基酸组成中 ,苯丙氨酸 (Phe)的含量最高 ,其次是天冬氨酸 (Asp)和谷氨酸 (Glu) ,不含组氨酸 (His)。CPL能够凝集兔、绵羊及鸽子红细胞 ,其中对兔红细胞的凝集活性最大 ,最低浓度为 6 88μg/mL ,对鸡、鸭及人红细胞 (A型、O型及B型 )无凝集活性。卵黏蛋白和 7种单糖对CPL的凝血活性具有抑制作用。CPL具有很好的热稳定性 ,在 90℃处理 10min不失活。  相似文献   

13.
蛋白核小球藻粉中氨基酸含量及饲用价值分析   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
测定了蛋白核小球藻粉的蛋白质含量及18种氨基酸组分,用氨基酸分(AAS)、必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)等指标对蛋白核小球藻粉氨基酸营养进行评价。结果表明:蛋白核小球藻粉粗蛋白和必需氨基酸含量高,是一种优良的饲料蛋白源。  相似文献   

14.
藻类对垃圾填埋场渗滤液的净化   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6       下载免费PDF全文
采用PCR及序列测定的方法,对两个分别分离自广州市李坑垃圾填埋场的渗滤液收集塘以及广州市郊的一个普通池塘的藻类种群的rDNA ITS区进行了序列的测定和分析,结果证实两者均为蛋白核小球藻,分别记作Chlorella pyrenoidosa(LK)和Chlorella pyrenoidosa(P)。将上述两个藻类种群的纯培养液分别接种至一系列不同浓度的垃圾渗滤液中,以研究它们在渗滤液中的生长,对渗滤液的耐性以及对渗滤液中污染物的去除等差异。结果表明,藻类的生长在10%的渗滤液中都得到一定的促进,而在更高浓度的渗滤液中则受到抑制,但C.pryenoidosa(LK)在经过一段时间的适应后,对30%的渗滤液表现出较强的耐性。藻类的生长使垃圾渗滤液中的NH3-N,PO4-P和COD等污染物的含量显著下降,而NO3-N含量下降不明显。  相似文献   

15.
研究了蛋白核小球藻在增强UV—B辐射下NO信号的产生。结果表明:NO释放量与UV—B的强度相关。在藻类细胞培养液中加入NOS的竞争性抑制剂硝基精氨酸(LNNA),不能抑制NO的释放。加入NO清除剂乙酰半胱氨酸(NAC),能明显减少NO的释放。在无氮和有氮培养基中NO同样的释放。这些结果说明NO生成途径不经过依赖L-精氨酸的NOS和依赖NO3^-和硝酸还原酶,NO的底物不是L-精氨酸和NO3^-在无氮和有氮培养基中同样有NO3^-的形成,NAC减少NO2^-的释放,说明生成了NO2^-有可能是NO释放后生成的。  相似文献   

16.
设计并装置容积1000L玻璃管道光合生物反应器进行小球藻大规模中试培养研究。当停留时间为3d.收获培养物总体积的1/3时。可建立稳定的连续培养系统,使小球藻的平均密度保持干重3g/L,最大生长量为干重0.605g/L·d,平均生长量为干重O.375g/L·d。所设计的光合反应器是稳定的.研究建立的培养技术具有推广应用前景。  相似文献   

17.
不同CO2浓度下培养的蛋白核小球藻细胞结构的变化   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
大气 CO2 浓度升高已成为全球关注的一大热点问题 ,CO2 浓度升高对陆生植物影响已有广泛的研究[1] 。但水生植物由于水体中无机碳主要以CO2 -3 、HCO-3 和 CO2 的形式存在 ,所以对大气 CO2浓度升高的响应较为复杂。已有的有关 CO2 浓度与藻类关系的研究主要侧重于高浓度 CO2 对其生理学特性的影响 ,如 :当单细胞绿藻生活在高浓度 CO2( 5 % )的环境中时 ,细胞对 CO2 的亲和力明显降低 ,CO2 补偿点升高 ,碳酸酐酶的活性降低 ,细胞亚显微结构也伴随着明显变化 [2 ,3 ]。但以上的研究均采用很高的 CO2 浓度 (一般为 5 % ) ,而在现实的…  相似文献   

18.
本实验通过研究缺氮、缺锰和缺硫对蛋白核小球藻Chlorella pyrenoidosa产氢的影响,发现缺氮、缺锰及缺硫条件下该藻均能产氢,但在缺氮条件下产氢量最高,约为88.613μL H2/mgChla,分别是对照组、缺锰和缺硫实验组产氢量的4.61倍、1.92倍和3.63倍。通过对光合、呼吸及生长的比较研究,发现缺锰对该藻光合、呼吸及生长的影响要小于缺氮和缺硫;与正常培养条件相比,缺锰、缺硫抑制藻细胞的光合放氧和生长,对呼吸影响小,而缺氮不仅最大程度抑制光合放氧和生长,同时使呼吸作用增强,这为进一步优化该藻产氢条件及研究其产氢机制提供了线索。  相似文献   

19.
蛋白核小球藻脂溶性化合物的抑菌活性及成分分析   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
利用纸片法对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa Chick.)脂溶性化合物的粗脂以及经硅胶柱层析分离后的不同组分进行了抑菌实验。结果表明,蛋白核小球藻的粗脂有极强的抑菌活性,其石油醚洗脱组分占总脂的63.9%,抑菌活性最弱;乙醇洗脱级分占总脂的32.2%,抑菌活性最强;苯洗脱组分只占总脂的3.9%,对玉米大斑病菌(Helminthosporium turcicum Pass)有极强的抑制活性。各洗脱组分及粗脂对革兰氏阴性菌均我抑制活性。成分分析结果表明,石油醚洗脱组分以烷烃类化合物为主,其中1-十九烯经烃含量最高;苯洗脱组分以6,10,14-三甲基-2-十五酮、十六碳酮和2-十一烷酮这3种酮类化合物为主;而乙醇洗脱组分含有大量的脂肪酸,其中γ-亚麻酸含量最高(56.673%)。蛋白核小球藻脂溶怀化合物的抑菌活性是其各种化学成分相互综合作用的结果。  相似文献   

20.
The profiles of photon flux density incidented on a tubularloop photobioreactor in the day could be altered by inclining the bioreactor at an angle with the horizontal. The photon flux density at noon decreased with increasing angle of inclination, whereas the photon flux density in the early morning and late afternoon increased with increasing angle of inclination. The overall photosynthetic radiance received by the bioreactor inclined at 0, 25, 45, and 80 degrees was 1:0.89:0.77:0.62. Regardless of the angle of bioreactor inclination, the overall biomass output rate of a fed-batch culture over an 8-h/day period was comparable (26-36 g-biomass m(-2) bioreactor surface area day(-1)). As a bioreactor inclined at an angle occupied smaller land area, and daily biomass output rate per land area of a bioreactor inclined at 80 degrees (130 g-biomass m(-2) land) was about six times of that obtainable at horizontal position (21-g biomass m(-2) land). The bioenergetics growth yield from the absorbed photosynthetic radiance was not a constant but an inverse function of the photon flux density. The quasi-steady state chlorophyll content of the Chlorella cells varied between 36 and 63 mg g(-1) cells. Photoinhibition of the maximum photosynthetic capacity was not observed in this study.  相似文献   

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