A Method for Isolation of Chloroplast DNA and Mitochondrial DNA from Sunflower

We present a method for isolation of chloroplast and mitochondrial DNA from sunflower seedlings. The protocol includes: organelle isolation, deoxyribonuclease treatment, lysis, deproteinisation and a final DNA purification with sodium dodecyl sulphate and potassium acetate. The organelle DNA yield is 5–10 micrograms per gram of tissue and the DNA is fully restrictable. The technique is inexpensive and appropriate for the isolation of multiple samples of organelle DNA from a small amount of tissue.     

Rapid Isolation of Extracellular Vesicles from Cell Culture and Biological Fluids Using a Synthetic Peptide with Specific Affinity for Heat Shock Proteins

Recent studies indicate that extracellular vesicles are an important source material for many clinical applications, including minimally-invasive disease diagnosis. However, challenges for rapid and simple extracellular vesicle collection have hindered their application. We have developed and validated a novel class of peptides (which we named venceremin, or Vn) that exhibit nucleotide-independent specific affinity for canonical heat shock proteins. The Vn peptides were validated to specifically and efficiently capture HSP-containing extracellular vesicles from cell culture growth media, plasma, and urine by electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, sequencing of nucleic acid cargo, proteomic profiling, immunoblotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis. All of these analyses confirmed the material captured by the Vn peptides was comparable to those purified by the standard ultracentrifugation method. We show that the Vn peptides are a useful tool for the rapid isolation of extracellular vesicles using standard laboratory equipment. Moreover, the Vn peptides are adaptable to diverse platforms and therefore represent an excellent solution to the challenge of extracellular vesicle isolation for research and clinical applications.     

New Rapid Method of DNA Isolation from Milk Somatic Cells

Isolation of genomic DNA is one of the basic steps in many different molecular analyses. There are a few reports on methods of DNA isolation from milk, but many of them are time consuming and expensive, and require relatively large volumes of raw milk. In this study a rapid, sensitive, and efficient method of DNA extraction from milk somatic cells of various mammals (cattle, sheep, goats, horses) is presented. It was found that milk is a good source of genomic DNA, and to obtain a sufficient amount and quality of DNA, suitable for molecular analysis such as PCR, 10 mL of raw milk is sufficient. Thanks to this method, stress in animals can be reduced during collection of researched material. Therefore, this method could be widely used in molecular analyses.     

蓝藻质粒DNA提取方法的改进

以含pMD-489-TNF重组质粒的丝状体鱼腥藻7120和单细胞聚球藻7002为材料,比较了SDS-碱裂解法和SDS法在蓝藻质粒提取中的效果,并对SDS-碱裂解法应用于蓝藻质粒提取作了一些改进和实验条件的优化。     

用加酶洗衣粉提取野生动物基因组DNA的新方法

介绍一种新的动物基因组 DNA 提取方法.该方法用加酶洗衣粉、洗洁精替代含有蛋白酶K、SDS、EDTA等成分的裂解液裂解动物肌肉样品,具有经济、简便、快速的特点,以所获得的 DNA作为模板能扩增出高纯度的PCR产物,有助于快速、准确地鉴定野生动物的种属.     

农杆菌质粒DNA提取方法的优化

目的：为了减化操作过程,减少药品对操作人员有直接或间接危害,提高农杆菌质粒DNA的产率和实验结果的稳定性。方法：对常规碱裂解法进行了改动,改进的方法通过加大菌液的收集量,利用LiCl沉淀RNA,简化操作流程和严格反映环境条件,并且在操作过程中去除了酚、氯仿等对人体有害的试剂。结果：提取时间缩短,结果稳定,产率在1．5μg／μL以下。结论：用这种方法提取的质粒可以满足大多数分子生物学常规实验如DNA的酶切、PCR鉴定的要求。     

一种改进的禽类线粒体DNA提取方法

介绍一种碱变性法从禽类脏器中提取大量线粒体DNA,比较了从不同脏器提取mtDNA的难易程度和得率。结果表明：肝脏、脾脏的匀桨操作易于心脏,且肝脏的得率高于心脏,更高于脾脏;同时对影响mtDNA产量和质量的匀桨速度和次数,差速离心速度,溶液Ⅱ中SDS含量及溶液pH值等因素进行了初步分析和探讨。在借鉴前人研究基础上对禽类脏器mtDNA提取方法上进行了改进和优化,建立了一种从禽类脏器中有效制备mtDNA的方法。结果表明,这种方法得到的mtDNA可以满足限制性酶切实验的要求。     

一种高效快速的鱼类标本基因组DNA提取方法

以95%酒精保存的黄鳝(M onopterus albus)和斑鳢(Channa maculates)标本为材料,采用先沉降DNA再去除杂质的方法从鱼类标本中提取基因组DNA。基因组DNA的琼脂糖凝胶电泳和紫外分光光度法检测以及PCR扩增结果显示,本方法提取的鱼类基因组DNA的电泳主带清晰明亮;A260/A280值在1.7830-2.0144之间;PCR扩增产物条带清晰明亮,且单一整齐没有拖带,表明本方法可从酒精保存的鱼类标本中提取比较纯净的DNA,能够满足一般分子生物学试验需要。与传统苯酚/氯仿法相比,本方法操作简单快速,避免了苯酚等物质对后续实验的影响,可作为一种常规动物组织DNA提取方法。     

Concentration of Rous Sarcoma Virus from Tissue Culture Fluids with Polyethylene Glycol

Concentration of Rous sarcoma virus from tissue culture fluids with polyethylene glycol, with and without NaCl or dextran sulfate, resulted in significant and highly variable losses caused by entrapment of virus particles in proteinaceous debris. Treatment of concentrated preparations with Pronase greatly enhanced the recovery of virions. Maximum recovery of virus particles was obtained by the addition of 8% polyethylene glycol and 0.4 M NaCl to tissue culture fluids, followed by Pronase treatment of the concentrated virus preparations.     

实验动物皮肤病原真菌DNA快速少量提取法

PCR技术应用于实验动物皮肤病原真菌检测,方法简单、省时。但是,真菌的DNA提取较为困难。本文推荐一种既简单又经济快速的提取皮肤真菌DNA的方法,并能成功用于实验动物皮肤病原真菌质量检测研究。     

Isolation and characterization of a DNA primase from human mitochondria

A family of enzymatic activities isolated from human mitochondria is capable of initiating DNA replication on single-stranded templates. The principal enzymes include at least a primase and DNA polymerase gamma and require that rNTPs as well as dNTPs be present in the reaction mixture. Poly(dC) and poly(dT), as well as M13 phage DNA, are excellent templates for the primase activity. A single-stranded DNA containing the cloned origin of mitochondrial light-strand synthesis can be a more efficient template than M13 phage DNA alone. Primase and DNA polymerase activities were separated from each other by sedimentation in a glycerol density gradient. Using M13 phage DNA as template, these mitochondrial enzymes synthesize RNA primers that are 9 to 12 nucleotides in size and are covalently linked to nascent DNA. The formation of primers appears to be the rate-limiting step in the replication process. Replication of M13 DNA is sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide and dideoxynucleoside triphosphates, but insensitive to rifampicin, alpha-amanitin, and aphidicolin.     

一种提取果树叶片DNA的简便方法

植物ＤＮＡ的提取是分子遗传学及遗传工程的根本前提。通常ＤＮＡ提取方法应满足以下几个主要条件：（１）所得ＤＮＡ具备理想的纯度,如ＲＦＬＰ技术对ＤＮＡ纯度要求高,因为纯度高的ＤＮＡ便于酶切及膜转移等操作,而对于涉及ＰＣＲ扩增的技术,ＤＮＡ提取则尤为注意样...     

A Modified Chemiluminescent Method for Determination of the Antioxidant Capacity of Biological Fluids and Tissues

Biophysics - Abstract—In this study we present a modified method for determination of the antioxidant capacity of biological fluids and tissues based on the use of a chemiluminescent model...     

Isolation of DNA from yeasts

Methods are described that allow DNA to be prepared from widely different yeasts (Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Schizosaccharomyces pombe). The methods are reliably reproducible, and the DNA obtained is of appropriate quality for the construction of gene libraries (upper limit of size range consistently 50-150 kbp). In method A, yeast cells are converted into spheroplasts by treatment with a highly purified mixture of enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum, the spheroplasts are lysed in a lauroylsarcosinate/EDTA buffer, and the lysate is incubated with proteinase K and then directly centrifuged through a cesium trifluoroacetate gradient. DNA is recovered from the appropriate fractions by ethanol precipitation, and the redissolved precipitate is incubated with ribonuclease. For the rest of the isolation, two protocols are given, one avoiding and one including phenol/chloroform extraction. In this way, DNA up to about 150 kbp in size can be obtained. In method B, spheroplasts are not made. Yeast cells are broken by grinding under liquid nitrogen and are then worked up in a manner similar to method A, protocol 2. Subsequent steps depend on the purpose for which the DNA is required. Traditional methods of sucrose or salt density gradient centrifugation or agarose gel electrophoresis are applicable for size selection. A sodium iodide/silica matrix technique allows fast and effective DNA recovery from agarose gels.     

A Simple Radioenzymatic Method to Measure Picogram Amounts of DOPA in Brain and Biological Fluids

A simple radioenzymatic method for the determination of DOPA is described. The method is based on the conversion of DOPA to 3-O-[methyl-³H]DOPA by catechol-O-methyltransferase in the presence of S-adenosyl-[methyl-³H]methionine and purification of the labelled product by Sephadex G10 and Dowex 50 W × 4 ion exchange resin. The method has been applied to the assay of endogenous DOPA in different brain areas and to measuring DOPA accumulation after inhibition of aromatic amino acid DOPA decarboxylase.     

大肠杆菌质粒DNA提取方法的优化

目的:简化操作流程,缩短提取时间,降低试验对操作者的危害。方法:该方法去除酚、氯仿等有害试剂,采用LiCl沉淀去除质粒制备物中小片段核酸(包括DNA和RNA);工程菌生长至对数期时通过加入氯霉素后不仅方便质粒DNA的提取过程中蛋白质的去除,而且可使质粒的拷贝数进一步增加,提高质粒DNA产量的目的。结果:实验改进方法所提取的质粒DNA产量高于常规方法,达到20μg/mL。结论:改进方法提取的质粒DNA,其下游的内切酶消化,PCR、重组质粒鉴定、转化大肠杆菌等实验的结果和重复性都令人满意,完全可用于一般的分子生物学研究。     

DNA Isolation and Amplification from Cacti

The cacti family is a morphologically heterogeneous group comprising 100 genera and about 1500 species (Hernandez and Barcenas, 1996). With the exception of one genus, all members of this family are native to America (Hernandez and Barcenas, 1996). There are three subfamilies, Opuntioideae, Cactoideae, and Pereskioideae (Gibson and Nobel, 1986). DNA isolation from cacti is notoriously difficult because they contain high amounts of polysaccharides and secondary metabolites which form insoluble complexes with nucleic acids during extraction (Guillemaut and Marechal-Drouard, 1992). Like in other groups of plants, the secondary metabolites and polysaccharides in cacti inhibit enzyme action (Porebski et al., 1997). The polysaccharides are visually evident by their viscous, glue-like texture and they make the DNA unmanageable when pipeting and hard to amplify by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (Poresbski et al., 1997). We report an easy and inexpensive protocol to isolate DNA from cacti. We used this method to isolate DNA from 85 species (170 individuals) of 39 genera of the subfamilies Pereskioideae, Opuntioidea, and Cactoideae. This procedure is a modification of a protocol described by De la Cruz et al. (1995) for the Cacti family. It requires only a few grams of tissue and does not require destruction of the whole plant to produce high molecular weight genomic DNA. The DNA from this procedure can be amplified consistently by PCR and used for RAPD analysis.