辐射及活性氧对DNA的损伤以及芥子碱的保护作用

在Ｘ射线照射下,小牛胸腺ＤＮＡ的碱基损伤及链断裂随着剂量升高而增加,其损伤主要集中于链断裂;活性氧可以引起ＤＮＡ损伤,Ｈ２Ｏ２仅造成少量伤害,当在含有Ｈ２Ｏ２的体系中加入微量的Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｆｅ＾２＋时损伤急剧增加,这是由反应产生的．ＯＨ所致,Ｃｕ＾２＋的致损伤效果明显高于Ｆｅ＾２＋。ＯＨ清除剂芥子碱具有很强的抗辐射及抗氧化作用,且对ＤＮＡ无伤害。这说明ＯＨ在ＤＮＡ的氧化损伤中起重要作用。     

DNA损伤的化学发光法测定和茶多酚对它的保护作用

本文在ＣｕＳＯ４－Ｐｈｅｎ—Ｖｃ－Ｈ２Ｏ２－ＤＮＡ化学发光体系中测量了·ＯＨ对ＤＮＡ的损伤作用及茶多酚对ＤＮＡ的保护作用。实验观察到,ＤＮＡ损伤发光强度与ＤＮＡ浓度成正比;化学发光动力学行为与测量温度有密切关系,从而提示,发光测定应在相对恒定的温度下进行;茶多酚明显抑制了ＤＮＡ损伤发光,在本体系中１．０５μｍｏｌ／Ｌ茶多酚即可抑制ＤＮＡ损伤发光的５０％。     

抗氧化剂对DNA损伤的保护作用机制的研究

在ＣｕＳＯ４－Ｐｈｅｎ－ＶＣ－Ｈ２Ｏ２－ＤＮＡ化学发光体系中测量了若干抗氧化剂对ＤＮＡ损伤的保护作用。实验发现抗氧化剂对ＤＮＡ有三种保护作用机制：Ⅰ,延迟ＤＮＡ损伤;Ⅱ,抑制ＤＮＡ损伤;Ⅲ,延迟兼抑制ＤＮＡ损伤。不同抗氧化剂有不同的作用机制。本文认为延迟损伤作用代表抗氧化剂的断链性作用,而抑制损伤作用代表抗氧化剂的预防性作用,从而为区别分析抗氧化剂的预防性作用和断链性作用提供了一个简便直观的方法     

大鼠肝细胞核膜脂质过氧化对核DNA影响的研究

采用大鼠肝脏细胞核为材料,研究了核膜脂质过氧化对核ＤＮＡ的影响。证实核膜脂质过氧化可以引起ＤＮＡ损伤,表现为ＤＮＡ的增色效应、熔解温度、从ＤＮＡ向ＥＢ的能量转移效率降低,圆二色谱发生显著变化。另外受损ＤＮＡ对ＤＮａｓｅⅠ产生明显抗性和琼脂糖凝胶电泳结果提示核膜脂质过氧化引起的ＤＮＡ损伤可能以交联为主,同时利用原子力显微镜（ＡＦＭ）直接观察到了交联ＤＮＡ的生成。各种自由基清除剂对ＤＮＡ损伤保护的差异说明脂类自由基可能在活性氧自由基引起的ＤＮＡ损伤中具有重要作用。     

黄瓜花叶病毒山东株(CMV-SD)RNA2全长cDNA克隆的构建及全序列分析

分别利用５’ＲＡＣＥ和３’ＲＡＣＥ确定了ＣＭＶＳＤＲＮＡ２的５’和３’末端序列,在此基础上,利用ＲＴＰＣＲ得到了ＲＮＡ２的５’端一半的ｃＤＮＡ克隆ｐＣ２５和３’端一半的ｃＤＮＡ克隆ｐＣ２３,并通过拼接构建了ＲＮＡ２全长ｃＤＮＡ克隆ｐＣ２Ｆ。通过对ｐＣ２５和ｐＣ２３进行序列测定,得到了ＲＮＡ２的全序列。序列分析结果表明ＣＭＶＳＤＲＮＡ２由３０４８ｎｔ组成,其中存在２个部分重叠的阅读框ＯＲＦ１（７９～２６５２ｎｔ）和ＯＲＦ２（２４１４～２７４６ｎｔ）,分别编码８５８ａａ的２ａ蛋白和１１１ａａ的２ｂ蛋白,并在２ａ蛋白的序列中发现了动植物病毒复制酶所特有的两个保守序列。该株系ＲＮＡ２核苷酸序列与分属ＣＭＶＩ亚组的Ｆｎｙ株系和ＩＩ亚组的Ｑ株系ＲＮＡ２的核苷酸序列同源性分别为９１７％和７５６％;２ａ蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性分别为９３８％和６７７％,２ｂ蛋白的氨基酸序列同源性分别为８３０％和５１３％。同源性比较的结果表明ＳＤ株系属于ＣＭＶＩ亚组。     

人hsp90β基因近端上游CpG位点甲基化状态的研究

真核细胞基因组ＤＮＡ的甲基化主要发生在ＣｐＧ二核苷酸对的胞嘧啶环上（ｍ５Ｃ）［１,２］．在真核细胞基因组ＤＮＡ内,约７０％的ＣｐＧ位点发生了甲基化．ＣｐＧ位点在基因组ＤＮＡ内并不是均匀分布的,多数聚集在一些基因的５’端．大量的实验证据表明,真核基因５...     

BALB／c等小鼠线粒体DNAD环区PCR—SSCP分析

用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ方法分析ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ等７个近交系小鼠线粒体ＤＮＡ（ｍｔＤＮＡ）的多态性,探讨其遗传起源及亲缘关系,结果发现,这些小鼠ｍｔＤＮＡ的高变异性区,Ｄ－ｌｏｏｐ ５’及３’端的ＳＳＣＰ电泳带型完全相同,未发现多态性。表明ＴＡ２、６１５、Ｔ７３９、ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ、Ｃ３Ｈ、Ｃ５７ＢＬ／６Ｊ、ＤＢＡ／２等近交系小鼠的ｍｔＤＮＡ具有高度的同源性。     

美国白蛾核型多角体病毒几丁质酶基因核苷酸序列研究

美国白蛾核型多角体病毒编码的几丁质酶Ａ基因定位在ＨｉｎｄⅢ－３．５ｋｂ片段上,ＤＮＡ测序表明,半胱氨酸蛋白酶基因的５’上游反向存在ＣｈｉＡ基因,ＣｈｉＡ基因的ＯＲＦ为１６６２个核苷酸,编码５５３个氨基酸,５‘,３’－非编码区分别具有ＴＡＡＧ基序和ＡＡＴＡＡＡｐｏｌｙ（Ａ＾＋）信号序列。     

DNA分子结构上的长度单位为什么用A（埃）来表示

ＤＮＡ分子结构上的长度单位为什么用Ａ（埃）来表示景前进（湖北省广水市职业高中，４３２７００）著名的ＤＮＡ双螺旋结构模型是１９５２年由华森（Ｗａｓｔｏｎ，Ｊ·Ｄ）和克里克（Ｃｒｉｃｋ，Ｆ·Ｈ·Ｃ）创立的。他们根据ｘ射线衍射图象的研究指出：图示上ＤＮＡ双...     

三种类型辐射对质粒超螺旋DNA损伤的研究

用ａｇａｒｏｓｅ电泳和图象处理技术比较了６０Ｃｏγ射线、ＵＶ及低能Ｎ＋离子处理ｐＵＣ１９ＤＮＡ超螺旋结构的损伤效应及若干自由基清除剂的保护效应。结果表明：（１）γ射线和ＵＶ照射干燥ＤＮＡ的损伤显著低于水溶液样品;（２）Ｎ＋离子注入后超螺旋ＤＮＡ的减少（ＳＣ％）与剂量呈良好线性关系,而γ射线和ＵＶ组的ＳＣ％随剂量升高呈指数下降;（３）干燥ＤＮＡγ辐照组的Ｄ３７值为８２０Ｇｙ,ＳＣ完全消失的剂量ＬＤ为３８１４Ｇｙ,ＬＤ／Ｄ３７＝４．６５;ＵＶ照射组的相应值分别为：１．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ２,７．６５Ｊ／ｃｍ２,４．６４;Ｎ＋离子组的相应值为：３．２×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２,５．０×１０１５Ｎ＋／ｃｍ２和１．５６。虽然上述三种辐射的剂量单位不同,不能直接比较其相对生物学效应,但从ＬＤ与Ｄ３７的比值可反映ＤＮＡＳＣ破坏的程度和终点剂量（ＳＣ％＝０）的大小。从而看出,Ｎ＋离子（高ＬＥＴ辐射）比γ射线（低ＬＥＴ辐射）ＵＶ（非电离辐射）对ＤＮＡ损伤作用更强;（４）乙醇、甘露醇等自由基清除剂对电离辐射损伤有很强的保护作用,但对ＵＶ损伤未见明显的保护效应     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.