香菇菌C91-3凋亡相关蛋白24414在毕赤酵母GS115中的表达与鉴定

目的通过构建毕赤酵母表达载体将香菇菌C91-3凋亡相关蛋白24414在毕赤酵母GS115中进行表达,同时对表达产物进行鉴定。方法从香菇菌C91-3菌丝体中提取总RNA,根据转录组测序结果,用3＇-Full RACE、5＇-Full RACE方法获得24414基因,并将其克隆到毕赤酵母的表达载体pPIC9K中,构建真核重组表达质粒pPIC9K-24414。用电转化的方法将此质粒转化到毕赤酵母GS115中并进行诱导表达,对表达产物用Westen-blot方法进行鉴定。结果通过菌落PCR和基因序列分析确定插入pPIC9K中的片段为24414基因片段,通过Westen-blot方法确定所表达蛋白为目的蛋白。结论重组质粒pPIC9K-24414成功构建,目的凋亡相关蛋白24414在毕赤酵母GS115中成功表达,为进一步研究香菇菌C91-3凋亡相关蛋白24414的生物学功能奠定了基础。     

禽流感病毒H5HA、H7HA、H9HA亚型血凝素基因在毕赤酵母中的表达

利用毕赤酵母表达系统进行了禽流感病毒H5HA、H7HA及H9HA亚型血凝素基因的真核表达研究。首先将H5HA、H7HA及H9HA基因片段分别插入酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,获得重组质粒pPIC9K-H5HA、pPIC9K-H7HA和pPIC9K-H9HA;再将所获重组质粒分别经SacⅠ、BglⅡ及SalⅠ线性化后,电转化GS115感受态细胞,以插入/替换的方式进行重组,并经MD平板与MM平板筛选,及PCR鉴定,得到重组酵母工程菌GS115/pPIC9K-H5HA、GS115/pPIC9K-H7HA及GS115/pPIC9K-H9HA;用甲醇诱导分泌表达目标蛋白。经SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting检测,结果表明,H5HA、H7HA及H9HA蛋白在毕赤酵母中均获得表达。酵母表达了上述目的蛋白,可直接进行抗原检测,并可用于抗体检测试剂盒及亚单位疫苗制备的辅助研究。     

小鼠IL-35基因毕赤酵母表达载体的构建及表达

目的构建真核酵母表达载体pPIC9K与小鼠IL-35基因的重组质粒pPIC9K-mIL-35-His,在毕赤酵母GS115菌株中诱导表达,并对其进行鉴定。方法以pET-30a-mIL-35为模板,用PCR扩增出IL-35去信号肽基因全序列,并在3'端引入His标签,构建重组质粒pPIC9K-mIL-35-His,经SalⅠ线性化重组质粒后,用电穿孔方法将该基因转染毕赤酵母细胞内。经G418梯度筛选高拷贝转化子,筛选Mut+表型后经PCR进一步鉴定IL-35基因与酵母染色体是否整合。小量诱导表达筛选出高表达菌株,大量甲醇诱导表达,以SDS-PAGE及免疫印迹(Western blot)鉴定蛋白表达。结果小鼠IL-35基因真核酵母表达载体pPIC9K-mIL-35-His构建成功,并且在GS115中通过甲醇诱导表达,经SDS-PAGE及Western blot分析,可见相对分子质量约为65 000的目的蛋白。结论实验所构建的重组质粒pPIC9K-mIL-35-His可在毕赤酵母GS115中正确的表达小鼠IL-35基因。     

用P.pastoris表达L-阿拉伯糖异构酶及其酶活性分析

目的:用毕赤酵母表达L-阿拉伯糖异构酶。方法:用PCR法扩增大肠杆菌的L-阿拉伯糖异构酶基因,构建含L-阿拉伯糖异构酶基因的毕赤酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K-ai。通过电转法将pPIC9K-ai转化毕赤酵母GS115基因组。先筛选出高G418抗性的克隆,然后再从高拷贝的克隆中筛选出高表达重组L-阿拉伯糖异构酶的重组子作为工程菌GS115(pPIC9K-ai)。结果:在甲醇诱导下,摇瓶发酵GS115(pPIC9K-ai)3d,分泌表达L-阿拉伯糖异构酶32 mg/L。结论:毕赤酵母表达的L-阿拉伯糖异构酶具有转化D-半乳糖为D-塔格糖的生物活性。每升GS115(pPIC9K-ai)发酵液能转化D-半乳糖生成30 mgD-塔格糖。     

灰葡萄孢菌激发子pebC1在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达及其生物活性分析

为了实现激发子PebC1编码基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达,采用PCR方法从灰葡萄孢菌BC-4-2-2-1菌株中扩增获得激发子PebC1的编码序列,将其亚克隆至酵母分泌型表达载体pPIC9K中,以此片段构建了pPIC9K-pebC1重组表达质粒。重组表达质粒经Bgl Ⅱ线性化处理,电击转化至毕赤酵母宿主菌GS115,经MD、G418-YPD平板和PCR法筛选,获得了重组毕赤酵母菌GS115/pPIC9K-pebC1。用甲醇诱导重组酵母菌表达目标蛋白,发酵液经SDS-PAGE电泳分析,在约39 kDa处出现特异目标条带。Western blotting检测结果说明,重组表达产物具有良好的抗原性。生物活性检测表明,酵母重组表达蛋白PebC1能够诱导拟南芥和黄瓜幼苗对灰霉病的抗性。     

玉米赤霉烯酮降解酶毕赤酵母表达载体的构建及其表达

目的构建毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9-ZEN-jjm,筛选高效分泌表达活性目的蛋白的菌株。方法克隆ZEN-jjm基因,经EcoRⅠ和NotⅠ双酶切连接至pPIC9中,电转化至毕赤酵母GS115。利用RDB培养基和甲醇诱导表达进行筛选。HPLC检测表达蛋白降解玉米赤霉烯酮的活性。结果测序表明ZEN-jjm成功插入pPIC9中,SDS-PAGE表明获得1株高效表达目的蛋白的重组酵母,其分子量约29 kDa。HPLC表明其能有效地降解玉米赤霉烯酮。结论玉米赤霉烯酮降解酶在毕赤酵母中获得了高效分泌表达。     

人精氨酸酶在毕赤酵母的高效表达、纯化和活性研究

目的：人精氨酸酶（Arginase, Arg）的基因arg在毕赤酵母高效分泌表达,建立相应纯化工艺路线,研究重组人精氨酸酶的活性。方法：将人精氨酸酶基因arg按正确的阅读框架插入到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9α信号肽基因后,构建得到重组毕赤酵母表达质粒。转化毕赤酵母GS115筛选高表达菌株。结果：成功构建了酵母表达载体pPIC-Arg,转化毕赤酵母GS115后筛选到分泌表达目的蛋白Arg的菌株,目标蛋白可以分泌到培养基中。经过膜过滤和凝胶过滤层析对培养基上清进行纯化,即可获得纯度达到95%的活性产物。活性测定表明,纯化的Arg比活性为310 IU/mg。结论：成功构建了Arg的毕赤酵母高效表达菌种,建立了目标物质的分离纯化工艺。     

人胸腺素α1基因在毕赤酵母中的分泌表达

根据质粒pPIC9K中信号肽基因和质粒pPIC3.5K/hTα1-RP,构建表达质粒pPIC9K/S-hTα1-RP,通过电激法转化到毕赤酵母GS115菌株中。甲醇诱导表达融合蛋白,SDS-PAGE和Western blot结果证明,重组基因hTα1-RP在酵母中得到了表达。     

毕赤酵母STE13基因敲除对GGH表达及其生物活性的影响

目的:重组毕赤酵母GS115/pPIC9K-GGH表达的人胰高血糖素样肽-1-人血清白蛋白融合蛋白[(GLP-1 A2G)2-HSA,GGH]的细胞活性测评结果显示生物活性较低,这可能与其表达过程中蛋白降解有一定关联.通过对毕赤酵母GS115 STE13基因的敲除,获得一株完整表达蛋白GGH的毕赤酵母宿主,并进一步提高其表达产物GGH的生物活性.方法:采用基于PCR技术介导的Cre-Loxp系统重组技术成功敲除宿主菌GS115的STE13基因,得到一株STE13缺陷型菌株GS115/D13,并通过细胞活性测评系统检测GS115/D13表达产物GGH的生物活性.结果:通过对STE13基因缺陷型菌株GS115/D13与出发菌株GS115/W发酵表达对比,显示GS115/D13菌株表达融合蛋白GGH生物活性有明显提升,且表达量提高了25.8％,两菌株生长无明显差异.结论:STE13基因的敲除成功缓解了GGH表达过程中的降解问题,并相对出发菌株GS115/W大幅度提高了蛋白生物活性.     

乙醛脱氢酶2基因在毕赤酵母中的表达和分离纯化

将乙醛脱氢酶2（ALDH2）基因整合到质粒pPIC9K上,构建重组表达载体pPIC9K-coALDH2,用电转导将表达质粒pPIC9K-coALDH2转化至毕赤酵母GS115中,在毕赤酵母中表达经密码子改造的ALDH2。结果表明：重组基因工程菌GS115（pPIC9K-coALDH2）发酵液中蛋白质量浓度为8.40 mg/L,1 mL发酵液中酶活为11.35 mU。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism