固有免疫与HIV-1相互作用的研究进展

世界卫生组织最新公布的AIDS疫情报告首次显示,新发感染HIV-1的人数出现下降趋势,然而在部分地区与特定的高危人群(如亚洲的男男性接触人群)AIDS疫情依然居高不下,甚至有愈演愈烈的趋势,全球公共卫生仍然面临巨大挑战,亟待研发出有效的生物预防策略[1]。目前,HIV-1疫苗的研     

人类免疫缺陷病毒1型与细胞间的相互作用

自从发现人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)是引起获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)的病原体后,人们对HIV-1与人体相互作用的过程进行了深入研究.通过研究发现了HIV-1与机体相互作用的多种机制,例如HIV-1主要侵犯人体以CD4 T细胞为主的表达其结合表位(如CCR5和CXCR4)的免疫活性细胞[1].目前研究者在正常机体内发现多种物质与HIV-1致病有关.例如APOBEC蛋白(人体内主要为APOBEC3G),当HIV-1侵入机体后,该蛋白表达减少,这一过程在HIV-1的致病过程中发挥重要作用.通过对这些蛋白或分子的研究,进一步揭示了HIV-1的致病机制,为治疗HIV感染/AIDS提供了新思路.同时不同的HIV-1感染细胞模型的构建为AIDS的研究提供了多种工具.     

HIV-1附属蛋白特异性细胞毒性T细胞应答研究

人类免疫缺陷病毒(Humanimmunodeficiencyvirus,HIV)附属蛋白Nef、Vpu、Vpr和Vif在病毒复制中起着关键作用,并能被细胞毒性T细胞(CytotoxicTLymphocyte,CTL)识别。然而,对我国HIV感染者体内附属蛋白特异性的CTL应答研究比较少。本研究应用覆盖HIV-1B、C亚型附属蛋白(Nef、Vpu、Vpr和Vif)的142个肽段作为抗原,通过酶联免疫斑点实验(Enzyme-LinkedImmunospot,ELISPOT)检测61例中国HIV/AIDS患者和10例HIV-1血清阴性对照的HIV-1附属蛋白特异性CTL应答。无论对HIV-1B亚型还是HIV-1C亚型附属蛋白都能产生特异性CTL应答,特别是Nef区蛋白的反应频率和累积应答强度都较高(P<0.001),B、C亚型间的应答频率和累积应答强度都无显著差别(P>0.05),其免疫优势区也大致相同。附属蛋白特异性的累积CTL应答强度将近达到总应答的21%。这些结果表明尽管HIV-1附属蛋白的体积小,但它们在诱导特异性的CTL应答中发挥了重要作用,对评价HIV-1免疫应答的幅度和特异性以及研发针对中国人群的HIV疫苗有重要的意义。     

HIV-1附属蛋白特异性细胞毒性T细胞应答研究

人类免疫缺陷病毒(Human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)附属蛋白Nef、Vpu、Vpr和Vif 在病毒复制中起着关键作用,并能被细胞毒性T细胞(Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte, CTL)识别.然而,对我国HIV感染者体内附属蛋白特异性的CTL应答研究比较少.本研究应用覆盖HIV-1B、C亚型附属蛋白(Nef、Vpu、Vpr和Vif)的142个肽段作为抗原,通过酶联免疫斑点实验(Enzyme-Linked Immunospot,ELISPOT)检测61例中国HIV/AIDS患者和10例HIV-1血清阴性对照的HIV-1附属蛋白特异性CTL应答.无论对HIV-1B 亚型还是HIV-1C亚型附属蛋白都能产生特异性CTL 应答,特别是Nef区蛋白的反应频率和累积应答强度都较高(P＜0.001),B、C亚型间的应答频率和累积应答强度都无显著差别(P＞0.05),其免疫优势区也大致相同.附属蛋白特异性的累积CTL应答强度将近达到总应答的21%.这些结果表明尽管HIV-1附属蛋白的体积小,但它们在诱导特异性的CTL应答中发挥了重要作用,对评价HIV-1免疫应答的幅度和特异性以及研发针对中国人群的HIV疫苗有重要的意义.     

Global human genetics of HIV-1 infection and China

INTRODUCTION HIV-1 infection results in a variety of clinical outcomes. The majority of HIV-1 infected individuals progress to AIDS within 5 to 10 years, some progress rapidly to AIDS (termed rapid progressors) while others progress to AIDS slowly (slow p…     

平顶猴在HIV/AIDS动物模型中的应用及研究进展

非人灵长类动物模型在HIV-1致病机制研究以及抗AIDS药物和疫苗研发中具有重要作用。由于缺乏HIV-1直接感染的动物,SIV/SHIV猕猴模型是目前AIDS研究中应用最为广泛的动物模型。虽然SIV/SHIV猕猴模型与人AIDS具有一定的相似性,但SIV/SHIV与HIV-1间的遗传差异较大,致使SIV/SHIV猕猴模型存在很多局限性。创建合适的非人灵长类动物模型仍然是HIV/AIDS研究中的热点和难点。平顶猴是目前唯一可以被HIV-1感染的旧大陆猴,在HIV-1静脉传播和性传播模型研究中具有许多优势。该文综述了SIV、HIV、SHIV和HSIV通过静脉和黏膜途径感染平顶猴的特征,并简要介绍了病毒在平顶猴细胞中复制的分子机制以及建立平顶猴AIDS模型的限制因素和前景。     

A duplex TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR method for rapid detection and differentiation of the classical and VB strains of human immunodeficiency virus

<正>Dear Editor,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus that, if left untreated, can lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). The virus can be divided into two types based on genetic differences: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is widely distributed worldwide and is the primary strain responsible for the global AIDS epidemic due to its high replication capacity,     

上海地区人类免疫缺陷病毒1型感染/艾滋病患者病毒耐药基因突变及亚型分布

目的 研究上海地区人类免疫缺陷病毒1型(HIV-1)感染／艾滋病(AIDS)患者中HIV-1耐药株出现的情况及亚型分布。方法 对33例HIV-1感染／AIDS患者的血浆HIV-1分离株,进行抗HIV-1药物(核苷类反转录酶抑制剂、非核苷类反转录酶抑制剂和蛋白酶抑制剂)的基因型耐药检测和亚型分析。结果 33例的HIV-1均未检出对PI的耐药突变;10例高效抗反转录病毒疗法(HAART)治疗失败或抑制病毒复制不完全者中,检出的耐药突变为70％,过渡型耐药突变为20％;23例未经抗HIV-1治疗者中,耐药突变为4．3％,过渡型耐药突变为13％。所有过渡型耐药突变均为T215S。15例经血制品传播的HIV- 1均为B亚型;18例经吸毒和性传播的HIV-1中,B和CRF01-AE亚型分别为39％,和33％,此外,还有C、D、G、K和CRF02-AG亚型。结论 上海地区HIV-1感染／AIDS患者中,HAART治疗失败或复制抑制不完全者HIV-1的NRTI和NNRTI耐药突变率高;吸毒和性传播者的HIV-1中,除主要为B和CRF01-AE亚型外,尚有其他少见的亚型。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism