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1.
The separate and combined in vitro effects of heavy metal ions (Cu and Zn) at concentrations of 0.1–25 mg/L on the activities of maltase, sucrase, and amylolytic activity in the intestines of bream and roach caught in areas of the Rybinsk Reservoir differing in anthropogenic loads have been studied. In fish from the polluted Sheksninskii Reach, membrane maltase and sucrase enzymes are less sensitive to the effects of Cu and Zn ions than in fish from the relatively clean Volzhskii Reach. On the other hand, starch-hydrolyzing enzymes were more sensitive to the effects of the metals under study in bream from a polluted area, which was especially evident in summer. The combined effect of Cu and Zn ions (1: 1) in most cases weakens the separate effects of these metals on the activities of hydrolases (except for amylolytic activity) in the studied fish. 相似文献
2.
The indices of the cellular and humoral components of natural immunity in bream from parts of the Rybinsk Reservoir with different
extents of contamination are studied. Considerable differences were revealed in a range of parameters between the fish sampled
in the Sheksninskii reach, which receives waste-waters from the Cherepovets industrial center, and the fish from the relatively
unpolluted Molozhskii reach. An analysis of the data shows evidence for the active state of the mechanisms of nonspecific
resistance in the fish from polluted sites. 相似文献
3.
B I Kuperman 《Parazitologiia》1992,26(6):479-482
The paper presents the results of studies on the effect of wastes of the Cherepovets iron-and-steel works containing phenol, naphthaline and oil products on fish parasites of the Sheksna part of the Rybinsk water reservoir (the Volga river system). It has been shown that the number of highly sensitive ectoparasites of Abramis brama (Protozoa, Dactylogyrus monogeneans, Ergasilus sieboldi crustaceans and Caspiobdella fadejewi leeches) considerably decreases in the zone of pollution. It has been first suggested to use Diplozoon paradoxum and Caryophyllaeus laticeps, parasites of bream highly resistant to toxic effect, the number of which considerably increases in the zone of pollution, as indicators of anthropogenic pollution and ecological state of a water body. Among diplozoons there have been first discovered individuals having structural anomalies (reduction of the attachment organs, violation in the symmetry of arrangement and number of valves) that serves as evidence of mutagenic effect of toxic substances of polluted waters on morphogenesis of the parasite. 相似文献
4.
N. I. Komova 《Inland Water Biology》2018,11(3):371-373
A comparative analysis of literature data and our own results on the morphology of roach from the Volga Reach (Rybinsk Reservoir) in different years is conducted. Recently, (from 2007 to 2010), the morphological characteristics of the roach have been similar to those observed between 1976 and 1978. The roach is characterized by an intermediate position between the herbivorous and malacophagous morphs, but it is more similar to the herbivorous morph. 相似文献
5.
The data from finding a female round goby in June 2010 near the dam in the Central Reach of the Rybinsk Reservoir are presented. The presence of mature reproductive products may indicate the possibility of the successful acclimatization of this species in the Rybinsk Reservoir. 相似文献
6.
Data on dynamics of the main commercial fish populations in the Rybinsk Reservoir over the period of 1950–2010 have been generalized. Fishing intensity is the main factor that determines the state of fish resources. It affects not only the abundance of commercial fish but also determines changes in population characteristics, i.e., changes in age and size structure and increase in the portion of young individuals. The effect of fishing on populations of some species depends on their commercial value. Commercial fishing affects notably such species as bream Abramis brama, zander Sander lucioperca, and pike Esox lucius. Commercial fishing affects, to a lesser extent, populational characteristics of such mass fish species as roach Rutilus rutilus and blue bream Abramis ballerus whose commercial value is lower. 相似文献
7.
G. M. Chuiko V. V. Zakonnov A. A. Morozov E. S. Brodskii A. A. Shelepchikov D. B. Feshin 《Inland Water Biology》2010,3(2):193-202
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were found in bottom sediments and muscles of a freshwater fish, bream (Abramis brama L.), from the Rybinsk Reservoir. The contents of POPs decreased in the following order: PCBs > DDT > HCH > HCB. The POPs
contents vary within the ranges of 0.14–50.8, 1.8–6.8, 0.64–2.6, and 0.06–0.41 \gmg/kg wet weight for fish and 24.8–425.6,
2.3–27.1, and 0.34–0.83 fug/kg dry weight for bottom sediments (except for HCH), respectively. The highest and lowest POPs
levels were found in the Sheksna and the Mologa reaches of the reservoir, respectively. The differences in the spatial distribution
of POPs in the reservoir relate to the ways that contaminants enter and migrate in the waterbody but not to various compositions
of bottom sediments. The waste waters of the city of Cherepovets are the main local source of POPs in the Sheksna reach of
the reservoir; in the Mologa reach, the contaminants enter with surface runoff and through global transboundary and local
atmospheric transports from the Cherepovets industry. The qualitative composition of POPs evidences their continuing income
to the reservoir. Considering the revealed levels of POPs accumulation and their legislative safe environment levels, it should
be concluded that PCBs represent the highest environmental threat to the reservoir’s ecosystem. 相似文献
8.
The data on age, size, and sex structure of the population, on the linear and weight growth of bream Abramis brama are generalized for the period of 1954–2007 in Rybinsk Reservoir. Analysis of dynamics of these parameters demonstrated that
recently a high fishing intensity is both reflected on the size of the stock but also determines the changes in structural
parameters of the bream population. At present, in the exploited stock of bream, the specimens of junior ages dominate. The
part of specimens older than ten years, which previously made the bulk of catches, now compose not more than 10–15%. This
resulted in a rather noticeable decrease of mean age and size in catches. The previously observed sex ratio, near 1: 1, shifted
towards a significant prevalence of males. The age of the first spawning and of the fish spawning for the first time decreased.
These changes indicate that the fishing load surpasses adaptational potential of bream. 相似文献
9.
鳙团移核鱼的形态性状与个体生长 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文报道了鳙国移核鱼的形态性状及其个体生长等特性,为研究核质关系和细胞质遗传提供了一些有价值的结果.鳙团移核鱼的形态性状有些与供核体鳙鱼相似,有的与受核体团头纺相似,还有的出现中间型性状。二龄移核鱼的生长都明显比团头纺快,但都慢于鳙鱼. 相似文献
10.
V. V. Khalko 《Journal of Ichthyology》2007,47(4):320-330
The results of studies into lipid total content and fractional composition in the tissue and wholebody levels in kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris) are given. The fish studied belonged to various size-age groups and were sampled in Rybinsk Reservoir during active feeding periods in 2002 and 2005. A trend was revealed of deterioration of the physiological-biochemical state in adult specimens of this invasive species. This was especially true of the modal (in terms of their proportion in population) two-year-old fish. This was evidenced by a decrease in contents of total and reserve (triacylglycerol) lipids in fish muscles during the whole study period. It is shown that, in young kilka caught in all reservoir stretches in autumn, the values of these parameters depend on the time and rate of the reservoir water level decrease during the active feeding period. Probable reasons for changes in the physiological-biochemical state in adult and young specimens in the kilka population are discussed. The discussion is in view of the recent state of the Rybinsk Reservoir ecosystem which undergoes successional modification of the pelagic zooplankton community both at the level of large taxa and of some dominant species. 相似文献
11.
Antimicrobial properties of the blood serum and the content of immune complexes, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidants in the blood serum and liver have been analyzed in roach living in areas of the Kuban River with different levels of anthropogenic pollution. The relationship between the studied parameters and fish habitats is shown. 相似文献
12.
Hemoglobin affinity to oxygen, Bohr effect, sodium, potassium, and magnesium ion concentrations of erythrocytes in the three fish species from Rybinsk Reservoir (golden carp Carassius auratus gibelio, bream Abramis brama and pike Esox lucius) immediately after catching and during acclimation to laboratory conditions were studied. Our own and literature data on some other fish species were analyzed. The relationship between the functional features of the hemoglobin and ionic environment was found, and the changes taking place during acclimation and interspecific differences of these indices were shown. 相似文献
13.
Changes of environment parameters produce essential effects on the serotonergic system activity in the body tissues. This paper describes study of the serotonergic system activity in various tissues of half-migratory fish - the Caspian roach Rutilus rutilus caspicus and the bream Abramis brama orientalis - caught in the fresh and brackish water. Using the method of indirect solid-phase ELISA test, the serotonergic system activity was assessed by determining in the studied fish tissues of the amount of serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) that is in the linear correlation with serotonin level. A significant change of the SMAP level in the Caspian roach and bream brain was found under effect on increased water salinity. Analysis of the SMAP amount in the bream liver did not reveal any differences in the animals caught in the brackish and fresh water. At the same time, in the bream gill there was a small rise of the SMAP content in the fish caught in the brackish water. The revealed in this experiment elevation of the SMAP amount in the Caspian roach and bream brain reflecting a corresponding increase of the serotonergic system activity indicates involvement of adaptive readjustments in the animal body. 相似文献
14.
Diurnal rhythms, feeding electivity, and feeding resources were studied for the new for Rybinsk Reservoir fish species, kilka (Clupeonella cultriventris). It is revealed that, in Rybinsk Reservoir, kilka actively feeds during day time. Selective feeding is a characteristic of this fish. Yearlings prefer small Cyclopoida and their young specimens dominating in zooplankton. Two-year-old fish actively select innumerous but large crustaceans of genera Heterocope, Bythotrephes, Leptodora, and Cyclops. Possible factors determining selection of food items by kilka are discussed. These factors are as follows: zooplankters’ biomasses, the extent of plankters’ aggregations, body size, and visibility of some prey species for kilka (as determined by movement pattern, transparency and cuticle color, presence of eggs, or large eye). 相似文献
15.
M. I. Bazarov 《Journal of Ichthyology》2011,51(9):794-798
According to trawl-acoustic surveys, differences in the range of diurnal vertical movements of bream Abramis brama in the Rybinsk and Ivankovo reservoirs are revealed. The observed fish behavior is related to strategy of occupation of feeding
biotopes. It is supposed that residence in bottom payers under conditions of low temperature is oriented to energy saving. 相似文献
16.
V. V. Khalko 《Inland Water Biology》2011,4(1):90-96
Diurnal variations of the total content and fractional composition of lipids in the organisms of underyearlings of indigenous
(perch) and nonindigenous (tyulka) species have been analyzed. These fish species form the basis of feeding aggregations of
young fish in the Rybinsk Reservoir pelagial. Stable interspecific differences in mean daily and hourly values of the content
of total lipids and in the level of three fractions-phospholipids (PLs), cholesterol (CS), and triacylglycerols (TAGs)—have
been determined. It is shown that the level of adipose reserves and the content of TAG in the tyulka are higher than in perch,
while the contents of PL and CS are lower. Diurnal variations of the level of each of the three fractions in both fish species
are similar, but the ranges of variations are wider in tyulka than in perch. Possible mechanisms for the regulation of lipid
metabolism (including the participation of neuroendocrinal centers) and their similarity in young fish of different species
upon adaptation to short-term changes in the environment have been discussed. It is suggested that the modern state of the
zooplankton community in the Rybinsk Reservoir pelagial negatively affects the feeding of perch underyearlings and parameters
of lipid metabolism in their organisms. 相似文献
17.
N. J. Mustafayev A. A. Mekhtiev 《Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology》2008,44(1):69-73
Changes of environment parameters produce essential effects on the serotonergic system activity in the body tissues. This paper describes study of the serotonergic system activity in various tissues of half-migratory fish—the Caspian roach Rutilus rutilus caspicus and the bream Abramis brama orientalis—caught in the fresh and brackish water. Using the method of indirect solid-phase ELISA test, the serotonergic system activity was assessed by determining in the studied fish tissues of the amount of serotonin-modulating anticonsolidation protein (SMAP) that is in the linear correlation with serotonin level. A significant change of the SMAP level in the Caspian roach and bream brain was found under effect on increased water salinity. Analysis of the SMAP amount in the bream liver did not reveal any differences in the animals caught in the brackish and fresh water. At the same time, in the bream gill there was a small rise of the SMAP content in the fish caught in the brackish water. The revealed in this experiment elevation of the SMAP amount in the Caspian roach and bream brain reflecting a corresponding increase of the serotonergic system activity indicates involvement of adaptive readjustments in the animal body. 相似文献
18.
Changes in phytoplankton community composition typical for the increase in water trophic level had been noticed in 2009–2011 at the site of the open shallow of the Volga Reach in Rybinsk Reservoir (Volga), which is under the impact of grey heron colonies. The reduction in floristic abundance, the increase in the phytoplankton total biomass, and the increase in the proportion of phytophlagellates (cryptophytes, euglenales, dinophytes, and chrysophytes, as well as flagellar forms of green algae) were registered at the heronries. Changes in phytoplankton communities were temporary and were related to the heron nesting period; these allow us to consider the studied site a “traumatic” ecotone. 相似文献
19.
Mojmír Vaek Jan Kube
ka Jií Peterka Martin ech Vladislav Dratík Milan Hladík Marie Prchalov Jaroslava Frouzov 《International Review of Hydrobiology》2004,89(4):352-362
The large‐scale spatial distribution of fish was investigated within a morphometrically simple canyon‐shaped reservoir with a single major tributary and a longitudinal trophic gradient (Římov Reservoir, Czech Republic). Samples of fish were taken by Nordic survey gill nets (several mesh sizes from 8 to 70 mm knot to knot) installed as surface nets at several offshore areas located along the longitudinal axis of the reservoir. Surveys were carried out in late summer during 1999–2003. An obvious distribution gradient of fish was revealed along the longitudinal axis of the Římov Reservoir. The total relative fish abundance and biomass (catch per unit effort) decreased considerably from the upstream end of the reservoir toward the dam. Roach (Rutilus rutilus), bleak (Alburnus alburnus) and bream (Abramis brama) comprised the bulk of catches at all areas. Enhanced dominance of bream was observed in the fish assemblage at the uppermost, more eutrophic area of the reservoir. The highest number of fish species and the highest abundance of young‐of‐the‐year fish were also observed in the tributary area. In the downstream part of the reservoir, gill net surveys along the vertical depth profiles indicated that offshore fish occupied mostly the epilimnion. Extreme flood events affected the Římov Reservoir, however, it seemed they had no significant impact on the gradients described. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
20.
Various ratios of nutrient forms have been analyzed on the basis of the materials collected in Rybinsk Reservoir in the years 2001 to 2011. The analysis was used for assessment of the modern state of the reservoir. The total nitrogen (TN) to total phosphorus (TP) ratio is the most informative parameter. During the study period at all sampling stations, the average value of this ratio was 17.0. This value indicates the lack of limitation of development of phytoplankton by these nutrients. High values of the absolute concentration of nitrate nitrogen and its proportion in the total mineral nitrogen (which are important indicators of increasing eutrophication), as well as the percentage of inorganic phosphorus, were revealed in Volzhskii reach and the upper part of Sheksninskii reach of the reservoir. These values indicate the eutrophic state of the above areas of the reservoir. 相似文献