倭蜂猴静止代谢率和体温调节的研究

通过研究倭蜂猴在不同环境温度下的静止代谢率和体温调节特征发现；倭蜂猴（Ｎｙｃｔｉｃｅｂｕｓ ｐｙｇｍａｅｃｕｓ）的ＲＭＲ为０．４９８±０．０３９６０２ｍｌ／ｈｒ．ｇ，仅为预期值的６３．７％；热中性区不明显，实测 下临界温度为３０℃；平均最低热传导为０． ０８０４±０． ００２１０２ｍｌ／ｈｒ． ｓ．℃；在室温下平均体温为３３． ８ ±０．１８℃；在冷压下体温变化较大，温调指数为０．５３５；在高温时主要以高体温和分泌唾液进行体温调节。显示典型热带原猴类动物热能代谢特征。     

非冬眠期达乌尔黄鼠对低温的适应性产热

达乌尔黄鼠在夏季冷驯化低温环境下（５±１℃）暴露４周后,导致脂肪积累的抑制;其静止代谢率（ＲＭＲ）和非颤抖性产热（ＮＳＴ）分别提高了１２％和８５％;肝脏线粒体的蛋白含量、状态３呼吸和细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活力分别提高了２２％、４２％和４８％,表明在低温环境下肝脏线粒体产热能力的增强是ＲＭＲ提高的细胞学机制之一;褐色脂肪组织（ＢＡＴ）的重量、蛋白含量、细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活力和α－磷酸甘油氧化酶活力极显著提高,表明在低温环境下ＢＡＴ是达乌尔黄鼠的主要产热器官,ＢＡＴ产热能力的增强是ＮＳＴ提高的重要细胞学机制之一。冷驯化没有引起达乌尔黄鼠血清Ｔ３、Ｔ４含量的变化     

蜂猴、倭蜂猴的现状与保护策略

蜂猴(Nycticebus bengalensis)和倭蜂猴(N.pygmaeus)同属懒猴科,是目前已知的我国灵长类中仅有的夜行性动物,濒临灭绝,为国家一级保护动物。在我国主要分布在云南和广西南部的热带、亚热带雨林中。通过对蜂猴、倭蜂猴特征、分布和生存现状等方面进行阐述,分析其濒危原因,并提出相应的保护策略。     

达乌尔黄鼠产热的季节性变化

达乌尔黄鼠（Ｃｉｔｅｌｌｕｓｄａｕｒｉｃｕｓ）的产热表现出明显的季节性变化。在非冬眠期,静止代谢率（ＲＭＲ）和非颤抖性产热（ＮＳＴ）于春季最高,秋季次之,夏季最低。冬眠期,ＲＭＲ降到极低水平,只为春季的３．０％。肝脏的线粒体蛋白含量、线粒体呼吸和细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活力在秋季显著高于其它各季。褐色脂肪组织（ＢＡＴ）的重量、线粒体蛋白含量、细胞色素Ｃ氧化酶活力和α－磷酸甘油氧化酶活力,在夏季处于一年中的最低水平,到了冬季这些指标达到一年中的最高水平。在非冬眠季节ＢＡＴ产热能力升高时,ＮＳＴ能力也相应升高,这表明ＢＡＴ产热能力的增强是ＮＳＴ能力提高的部分机制。达乌尔黄鼠血清Ｔ＿４含量在年周期中没有明显改变,冬眠时血清Ｔ＿３含量显著高于其它各季。     

倭蜂猴生物学特性、生存现状及保护对策

主要介绍倭蜂猴的形态特征、代谢和体温特征、毒腺和毒素、夜行性和树栖性、通讯方式、食性和取食行为、繁殖行为、生长发育和母婴关系等生物学特性,简述其生存现状,并就我国倭蜂猴保护现状提出建议:尽快开展专项调查,摸清本底资料;加强保护区管理工作,规范巡护制度;采用现代化手段监测,提高科研实力;科学饲养促进繁衍,野化训养放归自然。     

利用红外相机调查屏边县大围山倭蜂猴、蜂猴及同域兽类

从2012年3月至2013年2月,利用9台红外感应自动照相机调查了云南省屏边县大围山自然保护区及周边区域兽类资源现状及分布。在7个自然村周边布设了71个相机位点(19个位点在保护区内,52个在保护区外),共获取87 238张照片,拍摄到动物照片2349张,其中鸟类照片167张,兽类照片2182张。去除无法辨别的部分啮齿类照片后,共鉴定出11个兽类物种。其中蜂猴触发照片3张,倭蜂猴触发照片9张。倭蜂猴的相对丰富度为2.63%,蜂猴相对丰富度为5.26%,表明保护区及其周边区域倭蜂猴与蜂猴的数量极低。为了保证该灵长类种群的生存和繁衍,急需加强关注并制定有针对性的保护措施。     

去甲肾上腺素对棕色脂肪组织募集反应的调节作用

去甲肾上腺素（ＮＡ）可引起棕色脂肪组织（ＢＡＴ）的产热作用,也是ＢＡＴ募集反应主要的调节物质。ＢＡＴ中存在的肾上腺素受体（ＡＲ）至少包括α１,α２,β１和β２四型。ＢＡＴ的产热作用主要由β３－ＡＲ介导;其细胞增殖和细胞分化分别由β１－ＡＲ和β３－ＡＲ介导。与ＢＡＴ募集有关的几种转录因子的表达也受ＮＡ的调控,例如ｃ－ｆｏｓ和非成熟细胞Ｃ／ＥＢＰα基因的表达受β－和α１－ＡＲ的调节;Ｃ／ＥＢＰβ和成熟     

倭蜂猴

<正>倭蜂猴(Nycticebus pygmaeus Bonhote,1907),隶属于灵长目懒猴科(Family Lorisidae)、蜂猴属(Nycticebus)的一个物种,是亚洲热带地区的特有物种,也是当前濒危灵长类动物之一,在中国被列为国家Ⅰ级重点保护野生动物,CITES附录Ⅰ物种,IUCN将其濒危等级列为易危。倭蜂猴成体体长195~230 mm,体重222~750 g,个体间的体重差别较大。体型成圆筒状,体被毛细丝绒状,主要为棕橙或棕黄色,背脊中央常有棕褐色条纹,尾极短,通常隐藏于毛被之中。吻短,脸圆,头圆。眼大     

倭蜂猴粪便微生物苯酚羟化酶和邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶基因多样性研究

【目的】分析倭蜂猴粪便微生物中苯酚羟化酶(Phenol hydroxylase,PH)和邻苯二酚1,2-双加氧酶(Catechol 1,2-dioxygenase,C12O)的基因多样性。【方法】利用简并引物,以倭蜂猴粪便微生物宏基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增,分别构建PH和C12O基因克隆文库,并对克隆进行测序分析。【结果】倭蜂猴粪便微生物来源的PH和C12O基因序列经BLAST比对分析,与GenBank中相应酶的序列一致性分别介于92%?100%和87%?100%。系统进化树分析表明PH基因序列与Neisseria、Burkholderia、Alcaligenes、Acinetobacter 4个属来源的PH序列相关;C12O基因序列全部与Acinetobacter来源的C12O序列相关。序列比对结果表明PH序列具有LmPH (Largest subunit of multicomponent PH)中高保守的两个DEXRH结构域;C12O序列具有能被Ag+和Hg2+抑制的位点(半胱氨酸)。【结论】倭蜂猴粪便微生物来源的PH为多组分PH,其降解苯酚的中间产物邻苯二酚可以被C12O通过邻位开环途径裂解。     

滇东南南溪河中下游懒猴种群分布与保护现状

蜂猴(Nycticebus bengalensis)与倭蜂猴(Xanthonycticebus intermedius)是国内现存的两种懒猴科灵长类,因其独特的生态及行为特点,具有重要的研究与保护价值。由于受到捕猎及栖息地丧失的持续威胁,懒猴种群持续下降,分布区日益缩减,但种群及分布调查的缺失阻碍了保护计划的制定与实施。滇东南是历史记载中懒猴分布的重要区域,并且是潜在的两个物种的同域分布范围。2022年10月至2023年9月,通过访问、网络及样线调查相结合的方式,对滇东南范围内河口和马关县辖区的懒猴种群分布及保护现状进行了详细评估,确定了9个懒猴集中分布点。结果表明,本区域仍是国内懒猴分布的重要范围,且是倭蜂猴分布最为集中的区域之一。当地民众对懒猴的认知尚处于较低水平,受教育程度、年龄及经济状况的显著影响。懒猴分布区域多位于保护区边缘,当前的保护措施缺乏针对性,需要加强监测管理,建设生态廊道并通过宣传教育提升当地民众意识。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.