表达绿色荧光蛋白报告基因重组禽腺联病毒载体系统的构建与鉴定

为了开展重组禽腺联病毒(Recombinant avian adeno-associated virus,rAAAV)介导的基因转移研究,用限制性内切酶消化含AAAV全基因组的重组质粒pCR-AAAV,去除AAAV Rep和Cap蛋白编码序列,将PCR扩增的绿色荧光蛋白(Green fluorescent protein,GFP)报告基因插入AAAV末端反向重复序列(Inverted terminal repeats,ITR)之间,获得表达GFP基因的AAAV转移载体pAITR-GFP;以含AAAV全基因组的质粒为模板,用PCR分别扩增AAAV Rep、Cap和Rep-Cap蛋白基因,将Rep和Cap基因分别插入真核细胞双表达载体pVITRO2-mcs的两个多克隆位点,将Rep-Cap蛋白基因插入真核细胞表达载体pcDNA3,获得AAAV辅助质粒pVITRO2-ARC和pcDNA-ARC;将pAITR-GFP、pVITRO2-ARC或pcDNA-ARC与腺病毒辅助质粒pHelper组成三质粒转染系统,用磷酸钙沉淀法共转染AAV-293细胞,获得了表达GFP的rAAAV.经SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离后,纯化病毒出现分子量正确的VP1、VP2、VP3结构蛋白;经PCR检测证明,重组病毒中含有GFP报告基因;用重组病毒分别感染鸡胚成纤维细胞(CEF)和鸡胚肝CEL细胞,可以观察到GFP报告基因的表达,表达时间持续两周以上.这些试验结果表明,成功建立了辅助病毒非依赖性rAAAV体外包装体系,为禽源细胞的基因转移研究和禽重组活载体疫苗的研制打下了基础.     

重组禽腺联病毒介导的miRNA抑制传染性法氏囊病病毒在鸡胚内的复制

【目的】在鸡胚水平上探索VP1和VP2基因特异miRNA抑制传染性法氏囊病病毒(infectious bursaldisease virus,IBDV)复制的可行性。【方法与结果】将表达VP1基因特异miRNA重组载体pAITR-RFPmiVP1或VP2基因特异miRNA重组载体pAITR-RFPmiVP2E与禽腺联病毒(avian adeno-associated virus,AAAV)包装载体pcDNA-ARC和腺病毒辅助载体pHelper共转染AAV-293细胞,获得重组病毒rAAAV-RFPmiVP1和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2E,用同样方法获得不表达miRNA的rAAAV-RFP和表达对照miRNA的rAAAV-RFPmiVP2con。电镜观察显示重组病毒具有典型的AAAV颗粒形态;PCR检测结果表明其基因组中含miRNA表达盒;经poly(A)加尾RT-PCR检测证明重组病毒感染细胞能表达基因特异的miRNA。分别将重组病毒经卵黄囊途径接种8日龄SPF鸡胚,然后经绒毛尿囊膜途径用Lukert株IBDV攻毒,收获鸡胚进行IBDV组织细胞半数感染剂量(TCID50)测定。结果在攻毒后第3天,rAAAV-RFP和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2con接种组的IBDV TCID50为8.0 log10,rAAAV-RFPmiVP1和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2E接种组的IBDV TCID50分别下降到1.0和1.5 log10;在攻毒后第6天,rAAAV-RFP和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2con接种组的IBDV TCID50仍为8.0 log10,rAAAV-RFPmiVP1和rAAAV-RFPmiVP2E接种组的TCID50分别下降到0.8和2.0 log10。【结论】rAAAV是有效的miRNA鸡胚导入载体,表达的VP1和VP2基因特异miRNA能有效阻断IBDV复制。     

鸡输卵管特异表达载体的优化及体内表达

为了实现鸡输卵管特异表达载体在相应组织特异高产表达, 并简化质粒DNA的制备过程, 本研究在已经构建的鸡输卵管特异表达载体pOV1基础上进行了优化改造, 为进一步进行重组药物蛋白的暂态表达及转基因鸡研究奠定基础。首先用限制性内切酶将克隆在pOV1载体的鸡卵清蛋白基因5￠-和3￠-调控区切出, 同时克隆到切除neo基因及CMV启动子的pcDNA3.0载体, 构建成另一输卵管特异表达载体pOV2; 将鸡卵清蛋白基因5￠-调控区单独克隆入同样载体, 获得第三个鸡输卵管特异表达载体pOV3。为了检验三个输卵管表达载体驱动外源基因在鸡体内输卵管细胞中表达的有效性和特异性, 将LacZ报告基因分别克隆入pOV1、pOV2、pOV3中5'-调控区的下游, 获得的重组载体pOV1LacZ、pOV2LacZ和pOV3LacZ经聚乙烯亚胺包裹后, 经翅静脉注射产蛋鸡。用RT-PCR和酶活性检测法对LacZ基因在载体注射鸡体内的表达进行检测, 结果显示肝、脾、肾、心等组织中无LacZ基因的表达, 而输卵管膨大部不仅有LacZ基因的表达, 而且表达的重组酶能分泌到蛋清中, 雌激素注射对报告基因的表达具有促进作用, 其中pOV3LacZ的表达水平较高。这些试验结果表明, 鸡输卵管特异表达载体pOV3具有结构相对简单、表达水平较高、组织特异性较好等优点, 能用于鸡输卵管生物反应器的研制。     

表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组马立克氏病病毒的构建

将禽流感病毒M2基因克隆于真核表达质粒pIRES-EGFP中,使其位于pCMV启动子的调控下,并与绿色荧光蛋白基因（EGFP）串联后,将上述串联基因插入到含MDV CVI988的非必需区US基因的重组质粒pUS2中,构建带标记的重组质粒,然后将此重组质粒转染感染了MDV CVI988的鸡胚成纤维细胞,利用同源重组的方法,筛选了表达禽流感病毒M2基因的重组病毒MDV1。经PCR、Dot-blotting,Western-blotting等实验的结果表明,禽流感病毒M2基因的确插入到MDV1（CVI988）基因组中并获得表达。重组MDV1免疫1日龄SPF鸡21天后,用ELISA可检测到M2蛋白的特异性抗体。接种了重组病毒rMDV的鸡体内针对H9N2疫苗血凝素的抗体滴度(p<0.05)明显提高,以禽流感病毒AIV A/Chicken/Guangdong/00（H9N2）攻毒后进行病毒重分离试验的结果发现,重组病毒能有效地降低病毒的排出量(p<0.01),说明该重组病毒可以用于防制禽流感的免疫。     

鸡新城疫病毒HeB02分离株F基因的克隆及其DNA疫苗的研究

根据GenBank报道的鸡新城疫病毒F基因序列设计了一对引物,以鸡新城疫病毒HeB02分离株基因组为模板,通过RT-PCR扩增出了1·66kb左右的F基因片段,序列分析表明HeB02株F基因与国内标准强毒株F48E9及弱毒疫苗La Sota和Clone30的F基因核苷酸序列的同源性分别为88·1%、84·9%和83·8%。将HeB02株F基因插入真核表达载体pVAX1中,构建了真核表达质粒pSV-F,通过脂质体转染COS-7细胞,SDS-PAGE分析可见表达的特异蛋白条带;Western blot、ELISA和中和试验检测结果表明:真核表达的蛋白与抗新城疫病毒的抗体发生特异性反应,说明F蛋白具有很好的免疫原性。采用活体电击法以真核表达质粒pSV-F免疫3周龄SPF鸡,剂量为50μg/只,3周后加强免疫1次,5周后以100倍鸡胚感染剂量(EID)的F基因同源病毒对所有鸡进行攻毒,攻毒前后每周分别以喉拭子进行病毒分离和HI效价测定。结果显示对照组在攻毒前一直没有检测到抗体效价,攻毒后检测效价为3·0log2±1·40,并且于攻毒后第9天全部死亡;活疫苗组和实验组免疫后第2周检测到抗体效价,第5周最高,HI效价分别为8·3log2±1·30和7·2log2±1·23,攻毒1周后HI效价分别达9·8log2±1·55和8·9log2±1·77,极显著高于对照组(P<0·01)。免疫组未分离到新城疫病毒,对照组全部分离到新城疫病毒。表明所构建的F基因真核表达质粒可作为候选基因疫苗诱导鸡产生免疫保护反应。     

利用Cre-loxP自动敲除H5亚型禽流感病毒血凝素重组鸡痘病毒中的报告基因

研究去除重组鸡痘病毒中的报告基因,构建一株只含目的基因的重组毒。将H5亚型AIV的HA基因作为靶基因,两侧含loxP序列的GFP表达盒插入鸡痘病毒重组臂基因构建了转移质粒载体,将其与脂质体混合转染CEF细胞,获得了表达H5和GFP的鸡痘病毒重组体。通过二次转染,利用Cre酶自动敲除重组病毒中的GFP基因,最终获得了只含H5血凝素基因表达盒的重组鸡痘病毒。免疫荧光和病毒滴度测定结果表明,经过连续传代后重组病毒仍然稳定复制并表达H5血凝素。用10⁵PFU和2×10⁵PFU rFPV H5免疫SPF鸡,28d后,免疫组鸡抗体平均滴度(HI)分别达到4log 2和4.5log 2,结果表明,H5HA基因重组病毒能刺激鸡群产生较高特异抗体。     

鸡输卵管特异表达载体的构建及其体内表达

用高保真PCR法分别从中国狼山鸡基因组DNA中扩增出卵清蛋白基因(ov)的5′和3′调控区,将其克隆入pGEMT载体,经序列测定证明与已发表的ov基因相应区域无差异。将上述调控序列插入黏粒载体,构建成鸡输卵管特异表达载体pOV。再将lacZ报告基因克隆在上述载体5′调控区的下游,获得的重组载体命名为pOVlacZ。用脂质体包裹的pOVlacZ注射产蛋鸡,RTPCR检测结果表明lacZ基因仅在注射鸡输卵管的膨大部表达,不能在肝、脾、肾、心等组织表达。在上述组织中,仅输卵管膨大部能检测出β半乳糖苷酶活性(1167mUml),注射雌激素对报告基因的表达具有促进作用(1533mUml),重组酶能被分泌到鸡蛋的蛋清中(1733mUml)。结果表明,克隆的鸡ov基因调控区能有效驱动报告基因在输卵管的特异表达,构建的载体能用于鸡输卵管生物反应器的研制。     

抗禽流感病毒多表位DNA疫苗的构建及其免疫效力研究

多表位DNA疫苗是建立在常规DNA疫苗基础上的一种新型疫苗。它是用表位作免疫原,这样就比较容易在一个表达载体上克隆病原体的多个抗原基因中具有免疫活性的部分。本试验以H5N1亚型禽流感病毒的HA和NP基因及其表位为基础构建了4个重组质粒：1 pIRES/HA（表达全长的HA基因）;2 pIRES/tHA（只表达HA基因的主要抗原表位区）;3 pIRES/tHANpep（融合表达HA基因的抗原表位区和NP基因的3个CTL表位）;4 pIRES/tHANpep-IFN-γ（用鸡的IFN-γ基因取代质粒pIRES/tHANpep中的neo基因）。分别用这4个重组质粒和空载体质粒pIRES1neo肌注免疫30日龄SPF鸡。免疫3次,间隔为2周,每次每只鸡的剂量为200μg。第3次免疫后两周以高致病性禽流感病毒H5N1强毒攻击,免疫及攻毒前后均采血检测HI抗体效价和外周血CD4⁺、CD8⁺T细胞的变化。结果发现,攻毒前各质粒免疫组均检测不到HI抗体,攻毒后1周存活鸡HI抗体效价迅速升高到64～256。流式细胞仪检测显示外周血CD4⁺、CD8⁺T细胞在疫苗免疫后都有不同程度的升高。空载体质粒对照组鸡（10只）在攻毒后3～8 d内全部死亡,其他各重组质粒免疫组鸡都获得了部分保护,保护率分别是：pIRES/HA组为545%（6/11）,pIRES/tHA组为30%（3/10）,pIRES/tHANPep组为36.3%（4/11）, pIRES/tHANPepIFNγ组为50%（5/10）。这些结果表明我们构建的多表位DNA疫苗能够诱导机体产生特异性免疫应答,并在同型禽流感强毒攻击时对鸡只提供了一定的保护。     

含HIV-1 gag、gagV3基因的重组腺病毒伴随病毒的构建及其免疫原性的研究

将HIV－1中国株42（B亚型）gag基因及gag与gp120 V3区的嵌合基因gag V3插入腺病毒伴随病毒（AAV）表达载体（pSNAV）质粒中,构建重组质粒pSNAV-gag及pSNAV-gagV3;采用脂质体转染的方法分别将重组质粒转入BHK细胞,G418筛选得到转入重组质粒并能表达外源基因的细胞系,命名为BHK－gag及BHK－gagV3。用具有重组腺病毒伴随病毒（rAAV）包装功能的一种重组单纯疱疹病毒（rHSV）分析感染这两株细胞系,纯化后得到rAAV,电镜观察可见到大量实心病毒颗粒,核酸杂交检测重组病毒滴度达到10^12病毒颗粒／ml,重组病毒感染293细胞,ELISA检测有gag及gagV3基因的表达。用重组病毒免疫Balb/C小鼠,检测抗体及细胞免疫水平,证明重组病毒可以在小鼠体内诱导产生细胞及体液免疫。     

表达鸡白细胞介素2重组鸡痘病毒的构建及其体外表达产物生物活性的检测

从ConA刺激的鸡脾细胞中扩增出鸡白细胞介素2（ChIL-2）基因编码区。将该编码区Cdna序列和调控其转录的鸡痘病毒早晚期启动子（PE/L）的基因片段定向克隆到鸡痘病毒转移载体p1175中,获得重组转移载体P1175il2,然后转染已感染鸡痘病毒282E4疫苗株（wt-FPV）的鸡胚成纤维细胞（CEF）,质粒P1175il2与wt-FPV基因组DNA发生同源重组,产生了表达ChIL-2的重组鸡痘病毒Rfpv-IL2。通过在含X-gal的营养琼脂上连续挑选蓝色病毒蚀斑,获得并纯化重组鸡痘病毒Rfpv-IL2。应用XTT/PMS方法检测的Rfpv-IL2 （M.O.I 2.0）感染CEF 72小时后细胞上清中表达的重组ChIL-2生物活性,效价为3.6×105u/Ml,表明Rfpv-IL2能有效地表达ChIL-2。下一步将利用Rfpv-IL2在体内表达ChIL-2,研究ChIL-2的免疫增强作用及其作用机理。     

一种辅助病毒依赖型腺病毒载体的构建及其在小鼠体内的应用

腺病毒载体具有在离体细胞和动物体内高效转移和表达外源基因的优点,但由于第一代腺病毒载体能在靶细胞内表达病毒结构蛋白,并诱导机体的细胞和体液免疫反应,影响了目的基因在体内的稳定表达。为了克服这一缺点,构建了一种辅助病毒依赖型腺病毒载体ＨＡｄＩ－ｈＦＶＩＩ。该载体去除了病毒基因组的ｌ３、Ｌ１、Ｌ２、ＶＡＩ－ＶＡＩ、ｐＴＰ等基因序列。在第一代重组病毒ＡｄＩ－ｈＦＶＩＩ辅助下,能在２９３细胞包装和扩增。经氯化铯梯度超速离心后,能与辅助病毒有效分离。小鼠体内研究表明,该载体能在体内高效转移和表达ｈＦＶＩＩ基因。与笫一代腺病毒载体比较,外源基因表达稳定性明显提高,提示该载体在体内具有较低的免疫原性。     

Avian Adeno-Associated Virus Vector Efficiently Transduces Neurons in the Embryonic and Post-Embryonic Chicken Brain

The domestic chicken is an attractive model system to explore the development and function of brain circuits. Electroporation-mediated and retrovirus (including lentivirus) vector-mediated gene transfer techniques have been widely used to introduce genetic material into chicken cells. However, it is still challenging to efficiently transduce chicken postmitotic neurons without harming the cells. To overcome this problem, we searched for a virus vector suitable for gene transfer into chicken neurons, and report here a novel recombinant virus vector derived from avian adeno-associated virus (A3V). A3V vector efficiently transduces neuronal cells, but not non-neuronal cells in the brain. A single A3V injection into a postembryonic chick brain allows gene expression selectively in neuronal cells within 24 hrs. Such rapid and neuron-specific gene transduction raises the possibility that A3V vector can be utilized for studies of memory formation in filial imprinting, which occurs during the early postnatal days. A3V injection into the neural tube near the ear vesicle at early embryonic stage resulted in persistent and robust gene expression until E20.5 in the auditory brainstem. We further devised an A3V-mediated tetracycline (Tet) dependent gene expression system as a tool for studying the auditory circuit, consisting of the nucleus magnocellularis (NM) and nucleus laminaris (NL), that primarily computes interaural time differences (ITDs). Using this Tet system, we can transduce NM neurons without affecting NL neurons. Thus, the A3V technology complements current gene transfer techniques in chicken studies and will contribute to better understanding of the functional organization of neural circuits.     

A novel and highly efficient production system for recombinant adeno-associated virus vector

Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) has proven to be a promising gene delivery vector for human gene therapy. However, its application has been limited by difficulty in obtaining enough quantities of high-titer vector stocks. In this paper, a novel and highly efficient production system for rAAV is described. A recombinant herpes simplex virus type 1 (rHSV-1) designated HSV1-rc/AUL2, which expressed adeno-associated virus type2 (AAV-2) Rep and Cap proteins, was constructed previously. The data confirmed that its functions were to support rAAV replication and packaging, and the generated rAAV was infectious. Meanwhile, an rAAV proviral cell line designated BHK/SG2, which carried the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene expression cassette, was established by transfecting BHK-21 cells with rAAV vector plasmid pSNAV-2-GFP. Infecting BHK/SG2 with HSV1-rc/AUL2 at an MOI of 0.1 resulted in the optimal yields of rAAV, reaching 250 transducing unit (TU) or 4.28×104 particles per cell. Therefore, compared     

Valproic acid,a mood stabilizer and anticonvulsant,protects rat cerebral cortical neurons from spontaneous cell death: a role of histone deacetylase inhibition

Overexpression of a dominant-negative truncated Kv1.1 (Kv1DN) polypeptide in the mouse heart resulted in marked attenuation of a 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-sensitive current, I_K,slow1. We used recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) as a vector for direct delivery of Kv1.5 into the mouse myocardium in order to normalize the action potential duration (APD) 6 months after injection. The injection of rAAV-Kv1.5 reconstituted the 4-AP-sensitive outward potassium currents, shortened the APD, and eliminated spontaneous early afterdepolarizations. Immunoblots detected the FL-Kv1.5 polypeptides only in rAAV-Kv1.5-infected hearts. These data demonstrate long-term expression of 4-AP-sensitive potassium currents in ventricular myocytes by gene transfer using rAAV vector encodes Kv1.5.     

Gene therapy for hemophilia B mediated by recombinant adeno-associated viral vector with hFIXR338A, a high catalytic activity mutation of human coagulation factor IX

A mutant human factor IX with arginine at 338 residual changed to alanine (hFIXR338A) by site-directed mutagenesis was introduced into AAV vectors, and a recombinant adeno-associ-ated viral vector containing hFIXR338A, prepared by rHSV/AAV hybrid helper virus system, was directly introduced to the hind leg muscle of factor IX knock out mice. The expression and the biological activity of human factor IX mutant, hFIXR338A, and the immune response against it in the treated mice were assayed and detected. The results showed that (i) the high-level expression of human factor IX mutant protein, hFIXR338A, has been detected in rAAV-hFIXR338A treated hemophilia B mice and lasted more than 15 weeks; (ii) the clotting activity of hFIXR338A in plasma is 34.2%± 5.23%, which is remarkably higher than that of (14.27%±3.4%) of wild type hFIX treated mice in the activated partial thromboplastin assay; (iii) immune response against factor IX R338A was absent, with no factor IX mutant protein (hFIXR338A) inhibitors deve     

Helper-free stocks of recombinant adeno-associated viruses: normal integration does not require viral gene expression.

A method is described for the production of recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) stocks that contain no detectable wild-type helper AAV. The recombinant viruses contained only the terminal 191 nucleotides of the AAV chromosome bracketing a nonviral marker gene. trans-Acting AAV functions were provided by a helper DNA in which the terminal 191 nucleotides of the AAV chromosome were substituted with adenovirus terminal sequences. Although the helper DNA did not appear to replicate, it expressed AAV functions at a substantially higher level than did DNA molecules that contained neither AAV nor adenovirus termini. Since the recombinant viruses with AAV termini contained no sequence homology to the helper DNA, no wild-type AAV was generated by homologous recombination within infected cells. Since the terminal region of the AAV chromosome is required for replication and encapsidation, only recombinant DNAs were amplified and packaged into AAV virions. When human cells were infected at a high multiplicity with a recombinant virus carrying a drug resistance marker gene, approximately 70% of the infected cells gave rise to colonies stably expressing the marker. The recombinant virus gene was then used to generate drug-resistant human cell lines subsequent to infection. These cells contained stably integrated copies of the recombinant viral DNA which could be excised, replicated, and encapsidated by infection with wild-type AAV plus adenovirus. Thus, AAV gene expression is not required for normal integration of an infecting DNA containing AAV termini.     

杆状病毒表达系统的改进及IL-6在昆虫细胞内的表达和纯化

使用同源重组方法,在昆虫细胞内将多角体启动子驱动的EGFP表达盒插入杆状病毒穿梭载体Bacmid的p74位相,经5轮空斑纯化获得重组穿梭载体Bacmid-egfp。然后将Bacmid-egfp转化含转座助手质粒的E.coliDH10B,获得受体菌E.coliDH10Bac-egfp,由于Bacmid-egfp保留了完整的转座结构和α互补功能,因此该菌株和原始E.coliDH10Bac一样能有效的利用各种pFastBac系列的载体进行转座并构建出能指示病毒繁殖和目的基因表达的重组病毒。使用红色荧光蛋白DsRed对系统进行了验证,结果表明重组病毒Bac-egfp-DsRed感染的细胞中绿色荧光蛋白和红色荧光蛋白均得到了高效表达。进一步使用该系统在昆虫细胞中高效表达并纯化了IL-6蛋白,为研究和应用该细胞因子提供物质基础,同时也进一步证明所改造的杆状病毒表达系统的可靠性和实用性。