阿朴菲类生物碱生物活性研究进展

综述了近年来阿朴菲类生物碱生物活性研究进展,包括肾上腺素受体作用活性、离子通道作用活性、抗血清素活性、细胞毒性、抗氧化活性、抗血小板聚集活性、神经系统活性、免疫调节活性、抗病毒活性以及其他活性等十个方面,并对其构效关系进行了初步分析。     

淡水三角涡虫不同发育时期三种抗氧化酶的研究

以鲁中山地区的淡水三角涡虫卵囊、幼虫、成虫为材料,研究了涡虫在不同发育过程中3种抗氧化酶SOD、CAT、GSH-Px的活性变化.结果 表明,SOD在发育初期活性增长迅速,在幼虫孵出后活性略减,最后趋于稳定;CAT活性在卵囊阶段活性较低,从幼虫孵出后活性增长很快,并在成体中保持较高的活性;GSH-Px活性在卵囊时期活性较高,从幼虫孵出后活性降低,在成体中活性较低.     

盐胁迫下木麻黄幼苗抗氧化酶活性的变化及Ca2+对它的调控

在单纯NaCl处理下,随着NaCl浓度的加大,木麻黄幼苗的蛋白质含量逐渐升高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性下降,过氧化物酶(POD)活性则逐渐增加,过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在低盐下下降,高盐下明显升高.加入适量Ca2 后,SOD活性上升,POD活性和蛋白质含量下降.CAT活性低时加Ca2 ,CAT活性增加;CAT活性高时加Ca2 ,CAT活性则降低.     

γ-线辐射对大鼠肝脾染色质及转录活性染色质模板活性的影响

 本文从染色质及转录活性染色质的模板效率探讨辐射对核转录活性影响的机制。实验结果表明:(1)肝脾染色质模板功能的变化分别平行与肝脾细胞核转录活性的变化提示,辐射至少部份是通过改变染色质的模板功能而影响细胞核的转录活性;(2)体外照射下,活性染色质模板活性较非活性染色质改变明显,提示射线可能主要是通过影响活性染色质区域的模板功能而改变核合成RNA的能力。     

蛋白激酶A对小鼠受精卵早期发育过程中M期促进因子活性的影响

为研究小鼠体内 1 细胞期受精卵M期蛋白激酶A(PKA)对M期促进因子 (MPF)活性的影响 ,应用PKA激动剂cAMP及热稳定性抑制剂PKI显微注射入 1 细胞期受精卵内 ,观察MPF及PKA活性变化 .未经注射的对照组MPF活性在分裂期增高 ,分裂间期下降 ;而PKA活性在进入分裂期下降 ,分裂间期升高 .cAMP组PKA活性维持高峰值 ,直至注射HCG后 2 8h ,MPF活性高峰延迟 30min出现 ;PKI显微注射组PKA活性低 ,而MPF活性在注射HCG后 2 7 5h即达高峰 ,且维持高峰时间达1 5h .结果表明 ,PKA活性在细胞周期中也呈波动性 ,间期活性高 ,分裂期活性低 ;PKA高活性抑制MPF活性 ,而抑制PKA活性则MPF活性高峰提前出现 .     

ACSBAIA方法及其在烯丙胺类抗真菌药物设计中的应用

根据活性类似物活性基团在能量补偿许可范围内能够到达受体活性部位与各作用位点结合 ,而无 (低 )活性类似物的活性基团由于构象限制因素等不能与之结合的原理 ,建立一种新的搜寻药物分子的活性构象程序ACSBAIA .该程序包括 4个子系统 :构象抽样、活性构象限定、无活性构象排除、活性预测 .用此方法搜寻了烯丙胺类抗真菌药物的活性构象 ,并对 2个高活性和无活性的类似物进行了预测和检验 ,证明该方法较科学实用 .该方法的应用不受受体三维结构知识多少的限制 ,对目前绝大多数受体三维结构未知的情况尤其适用     

免疫活性地龙肽的制备及其对小鼠巨噬细胞活性的影响

分离纯化免疫活性地龙肽并研究其对小鼠巨噬细胞活性的影响.通过抽提、离心、超滤及色谱等步骤提取小分子量免疫活性地龙肽;通过体外实验测定其对巨噬细胞吞噬活性的影响.结果表明,一定浓度的3种免疫活性地龙肽在体外均可明显增强小鼠巨噬细胞的吞噬活性,提示其具有免疫调节功能.     

橄榄果实中PPO和POD活性抑制研究

本文研究温度和几种抑制剂对橄榄果实多酚氧化酶(PPO)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性的影响。结果表明,橄榄果实PPO活性最强的温度为27℃,POD活性最强的温度为45℃;低温对PPO活性的抑制较POD显著;抗坏血酸和亚硫酸钠可有效地抑制PPO活性,而抗坏血酸和氯化镁则对POD活性有明显的抑制作用。     

海洋细菌活性蛋白、活性肽研究的若干新进展

海洋蕴藏着丰富的生物活性资源,近年来海洋细菌活性蛋白及活性肽的研究在资源开发与利用领域中很受关注。本文首先分析了海洋细菌来源的各种活性蛋白及活性肽在不同层面上的生物学活性特征,其次对海洋活性蛋白及活性肽的获得方式及其在医药学、工业、水产养殖业及环境保护等领域中的应用现状与潜力作简要介绍,最后对该领域研究前景进行了展望。     

部分正常菌群分离菌株的超氧化歧化酶活性的测定

为了进一步研究部分正常菌群的生理和病理机制,我们测定了这些菌株的SOD活性和脂质过氧化物(LPO)变化,发现皮肤常住菌的分离株的混合培养时,SOD活性增加,说明它们具有协同作用。此外,对其它菌株SOD活性测定结果可知,类杆菌和双歧杆菌的SOD活性最低,其它菌株也有一定的SOD活性,如乳杆菌的SOD活性为47.47～98.98μg/ml,大肠杆菌的SOD活性为127.12μg/ml肠球菌的SOD活性为172.5μg/ml。     

Investigation of the mechanism of temperature sensitivity of the electroreceptors of ampullae of lorenzini

In experiments on Black Sea skates (Raja clavata), the potential of the receptor epithelium of the ampullae of Lorenzini and spike activity of single nerve fibers connected to them were investigated during electrical and temperature stimulation. Usually the potential within the canal was between 0 and –2 mV, and the input resistance of the ampulla 250–400 k. Heating of the region of the receptor epithelium was accompanied by a negative wave of potential, an increase in input resistance, and inhibition of spike activity. With worsening of the animal's condition the transepithelial potential became positive (up to +10 mV) but the input resistance of the ampulla during stimulation with a positive current was nonlinear in some cases: a regenerative spike of positive polarity appeared in the channel. During heating, the spike response was sometimes reversed in sign. It is suggested that fluctuations of the transepithelial potential and spike responses to temperature stimulation reflect changes in the potential difference on the basal membrane of the receptor cells, which is described by a relationship of the Nernst's or Goldman's equation type.I. P. Pavlov Institute of Physiology, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. I. M. Sechenov, Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Leningrad. Pacific Institute of Oceanology, Far Eastern Scientific Center, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok. Translated from Neirofiziologiya, Vol. 12, No. 1, pp. 67–74, January–February, 1980.     

Principles of organization and evolution of systems of regulation of functions

Evolution of living organisms is closely connected with evolution of structure of the system of regulations and its mechanisms. The functional ground of regulations is chemical signalization. As early as in unicellular organisms there is a set of signal mechanisms providing their life activity and orientation in space and time. Subsequent evolution of ways of chemical signalization followed the way of development of delivery pathways of chemical signal and development of mechanisms of its regulation. The mechanism of chemical regulation of the signal interaction is discussed by the example of the specialized system of transduction of signal from neuron to neuron, of effect of hormone on the epithelial cell and modulation of this effect. These mechanisms are considered as the most important ways of the fine and precise adaptation of chemical signalization underlying functioning of physiological systems and organs of the living organism