基于引物链延伸反应的基因传感器的研究

依据晶体谐振频率是其表面沉积物的函数和模板-引物杂交后引物链延伸的酶促反应原理,构建了引物链延伸反应性基因传感器技术.该技术的主要特点是以快速、敏感的频变信息作为基因杂交与引物链延伸的显示系统.研究结果提示,本项技术可用于核酸同源性分析、微量DNA检测、DNA整合性的确定,也可用于目的基因的分离、特定条件下的基因突变分析及推断某基因在其基因组中的位置.     

核酸杂交技术及其在登革病毒中的应用

<正>一、引言 核酸杂交技术是一种发展很快、应用极广的分子生物学方法。它利用核苷酸碱基互补配对的原理,通过一段已知特异性的核酸分子,标记上特定的示踪物质作为探针,在液相或固相中与待测标本中的特异性核酸反应,探针与标本核酸的互补单链经氢键作用而形成双链。然后,通过一定的程序显示杂交双链的存在、状态、大小或数量进行检测。故核酸杂交亦称分子杂交(moiecular hybridization)。     

荧光探针研究新进展

自从Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ（１９７５）首次进行ＤＮＡ探针杂交后,至今核酸分子杂交已成为分子生物学的最基本方法。Ｍａｔｈｅｗｓ、Ｋｒｉｉｃｋａ总结了各种杂交方法,将其归为两大类;一是异相杂交（ｈｅｔｅｒｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓ ａｓｓａｙ）即固相杂交,目的核酸结合于不溶性支持物上;二是同相杂交（ｈｏｍｏｇｅｎｅｏｕｓ ａｓｓａｙ）即液相杂交,一般届时使用两个探针。为了检测杂交,寡核苷酸探针需要标记,探针的标记物有     

“缺口翻译”法制备~(32)P 标记DNA探针和几种核酸杂交技术

定性或定量检测天然DNA或重组DNA中某些特殊的顺序片段,分子杂交是最常用的方法。近几年,核酸的分子杂交技术日趋完善,以不同材料为支持物的固相杂交技术取得了更为迅速的发展。核酸分子杂交方法的灵敏性主要取决于同位素标记杂交探针的比放射性强度。因此制备高比放射性探针是提高灵敏性的关键。用缺口翻译方法制备较稳定的高比放射性强度的杂交探针,大肠杆菌DNA聚合酶Ⅰ是一个理想的工具。本文介绍我们建立并改进“缺口翻译”制备P标记的探针方法,以及几种重要的核酸固相杂交技术。     

核酸分子杂交技术的应用——比较小鼠腹水肝癌和正常肝RNA

核酸分子杂交技术是近十几年来发展起来的一个灵敏度高、应用面广的研究工具。除了应用于细菌和病毒方面的研究外,已广泛应用于研究细胞分化以及演化发展规律等方面的生物学问题。近些年来,有些工作者应用核酸分子杂交技术,研究人体肿瘤病毒病因及探讨肿瘤发病机理等问题。在一些资料中应用核酸分子杂交技术来研究动物肿瘤或肿瘤发生过程,初     

核酸分子的化学发光标记和化学发光检测

非同位素标记是核酸分子杂交和检测的关键技术,在已知的各种非同位素标记检测方法中,化学发光标记和检测以其灵敏度高,安全无害和操作简便等优点,愈来愈受到重视,本对核酸分子的化学发光标记和核酸杂交分子的化学发光检测作一简要介绍。     

核酸杂交——病毒性感染快速诊断的发展方向

核酸杂交(nucleic acid hybridization),在分子生物学中是近年才建立起来的、正在发展的一项新技术。在生物学各个领域内已经开始应用。本文内容为,核酸杂交在人类病毒性感染快速诊断中的使用情况和前景。     

用碘标记核酸检查鼻咽癌上皮细胞中的EB病毒基因

用同位素碘化钠直接标记核酸。以细胞内原位杂交实验检查鼻咽癌上皮细胞中的EB病毒基因。共检查病理确诊的10例鼻咽癌活检标本的细胞涂片,其中9例直接证实有EB病毒核酸。本文建立并改进了细胞内原位核酸杂交技术,首先使用重组的单链DNA作探针,并将碘标记的核酸用于原位核酸杂交实验。     

核酸杂交技术在环境微生物检测中的应用

核酸杂交技术在环境微生物检测中的应用胡稳奇,张志光（湖南师范大学生物系,长沙４１０００６）核酸分子杂交技术是７０年代发展起来的一种崭新的分子生物学技术,即根据ＤＮＡ分子碱基互补配对的原理,以一特异性的ｃＤＮＡ探针与待测样品的ＤＮＡ或ＲＮＡ形成杂交分子...     

以琼脂糖胶为载体的DNA分子杂交

以硝基纤维素滤膜或二偶氮苄氧甲基纸(diazobenzyloxymethyl paper,简称 DBM 纸)为载体转移核酸分子,并以此载体进行分子杂交是广为应用的生化技术之一。由于现在使用的各种载体吸附核酸分子的能力都存在一定的局限性,所以核酸分子转移杂交技术仍在不断改进。尤其引人注目的是 Purrello 以     

Study on gene sensor based on primer extension

Based on the fact that the resonant frequency of a piezoelectric crystal is the function of its surface deposit, and that the primer extends after it hybridizes with the template, the primer extension gene sensor technique was developed. The prominent feature of the technique is that fast and sensitive frequency signals are used as the monitoring system of gene hybridization and primer strand extension. Results show that this technique may be used in homologous analysis of nucleic acid, trace DNA detection, and determining the integration of DNA. It may also be used for isolation of target gene, gene mutation analysis, and predicting the location of a gene in its genome.     

Ultrasensitive nucleic acid biosensors for early cancer diagnostics

We have developed ultrasensitive nucleic acid detection systems involving an amplification step where the analytical signal correlates directly to the amount of nucleic acid in the solution So far, we have performed nucleic acid quantification on several breast cancer susceptibility genes and were able to detect nucleic acid amounts that ranged from 0.1–1.0 fg of nucleic acid, which is at least 1000 times more sensitive than conventional fluorescent detection methods. The biosensors are so sensitive that they can be used for direct detection of breast cancer susceptibility genes in mRNA without involving a PCR step.     

Real-time monitoring of the strand displacement amplification (SDA) of human cytomegalovirus by a new SDA-piezoelectric DNA sensor system

Nucleic acid amplification has long been used in biosensor technologies, such as DNA sensors, DNA chips and microarrays, due to its advantage of high sensitivity in detecting target DNA. However, dynamic monitoring of nucleic acid amplifications with traditional DNA sensors in real-time is difficult since a constant temperature must be maintained during detection. Thus, the piezoelectric sensor, one type of traditional DNA sensor, is not applicable in real-time monitoring PCR due to the dramatic change in temperature that occurs during reaction. In this study, we introduced strand displacement amplification (SDA), an well-developed nucleic acid amplification technique that can work under conditions of constant temperature, into the development of a novel piezoelectric sensor. Using the new SDA-piezoelectric DNA sensor, we designed a stable system for liquid-phase detection, in which the crystal oscillator plate was fixed by an easily adjustable screw-threaded clamping mechanism and successfully applied the new sensor system to real-time SDA monitoring of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV). This new technique overcomes the shortcomings of traditional DNA sensors in real-time monitoring of nucleic acid amplification. The technique has proved to be a markedly simplified procedure with a number of advantages, such as higher sensitivity, better time efficiency, and the ability of dynamic real-time detection.     

基于CRISPR/Cas系统的核酸生物传感器

近年来,CRISPR/Cas系统已经成为转录调控和基因组编辑的重要工具。除了在基因编辑领域的贡献,CRISPR/Cas系统独特的靶核酸顺式切割和非特异性单链核酸反式切割能力,在开发核酸检测的新型生物传感器方面展现出巨大潜力。构建基于CRISPR/Cas系统高灵敏度生物传感器的关键通常依赖其与不同信号扩增策略,诸如核酸扩增技术或特定信号转导方法的结合。基于此,本文旨在通过介绍不同类型的CRISPR/Cas系统,全面概述基于该系统的核酸检测生物传感器的研究进展,并重点对结合核酸扩增技术（PCR、LAMP、RCA、RPA和EXPAR）、灵敏的信号转导方法（电化学和表面增强拉曼光谱）和特殊结构设计生物传感的三大类型信号放大策略的CRISPR/Cas生物传感器进行总结和评论。最后,本文对目前的挑战以及未来的前景进行展望。     

Gene Specific DNA Sensors for Diagnosis of Pathogenic Infections

Gene specific DNA based sensors have potential applications for rapid and real time monitoring of hybridization signal with the target nucleic acid of pathogens. Different types of DNA based sensors and their applications have been studied for rapid and accurate detection of pathogens causing human diseases. These sensors are based on surface plasmon resonance, quantum-dots, molecular beacons, piezoelectric and electrochemical etc. Curbing epidemics at an early stage is one of the massive challenges in healthcare systems. Timely detection of the causative organism may provide a solution to restrain mortality caused by the disease. With the advent of interdisciplinary sciences, bioelectronics has emerged as an effective alternative for disease diagnostics. Gene specific DNA sensors present themselves as cost-effective, sensitive and specific platforms for detection of disease causing pathogens. The mini review explores different transducer based sensors and their potential in diagnosis of acute and chronic diseases.     

PCR 防污染技术的研究进展

聚合酶链式反应(PCR)是一种高灵敏核酸扩增技术,广泛应用于核酸检测中.但在实际应用过程中,扩增产物及其他核酸片段的污染会导致假阳性的结果,制约了PCR在临床检测中的应用.为了解决这一问题,建立了许多PCR防污染的方法,除了早期建立的并已得到广泛应用的物理隔绝法、光照法及水解法外,近年来还发展了酶消化法、化学修饰法及DEAE纤维素法.本文对PCR防污染技术的原理、应用及进展进行了综述.     

Detection of viral infection and gene expression in clinical tissue specimens using branched DNA (bDNA) in situ hybridization.

In situ hybridization (ISH) methods for detection of nucleic acid sequences have proved especially powerful for revealing genetic markers and gene expression in a morphological context. Although target and signal amplification technologies have enabled researchers to detect relatively low-abundance molecules in cell extracts, the sensitive detection of nucleic acid sequences in tissue specimens has proved more challenging. We recently reported the development of a branched DNA (bDNA) ISH method for detection of DNA and mRNA in whole cells. Based on bDNA signal amplification technology, bDNA ISH is highly sensitive and can detect one or two copies of DNA per cell. In this study we evaluated bDNA ISH for detection of nucleic acid sequences in tissue specimens. Using normal and human papillomavirus (HPV)-infected cervical biopsy specimens, we explored the cell type-specific distribution of HPV DNA and mRNA by bDNA ISH. We found that bDNA ISH allowed rapid, sensitive detection of nucleic acids with high specificity while preserving tissue morphology. As an adjunct to conventional histopathology, bDNA ISH may improve diagnostic accuracy and prognosis for viral and neoplastic diseases.     

实时荧光定量PCR技术综述

实时荧光定量PCR技术是在PCR技术基础上发展起来的一种高度灵敏的核酸定量技术。与传统PCR相比,实时定量PCR能够更加快速、灵敏,并有效地对核酸进行定量检测。     

基于CRISPR的快速灵敏便捷分子检测

快速灵敏检测技术对疾病防控必不可少。特别是新冠疫情暴发以来,人们深刻认识到快速灵敏检测技术的重要性。近年来,以CRISPR/Cas为代表的基因编辑技术带来了生物技术革命性的进步。CRISPR的核酸检测技术因其快速、准确、灵敏、经济等特点,正在引发分子诊断革新,并已被成功应用于传染病、遗传病、肿瘤基因突变诊断,以及食品安全等领域。本文归纳了基于CRISPR的多种核酸检测体系及应用,并对未来CRISPR核酸检测发展趋势及结合人工智能的智能化检测进行了展望。     

A problem on the uric acid value of rats for clinical evaluation

Routine monitoring on levels of serum uric acid in the rats has been widely employed as an important factor in the nucleic acid metabolism, despite of the presence of the uricase in them. In this paper, it is confirmed that the levels of allantoin in serum and urine of the normal rats were higher than those of uric acid. Therefore, the concentration of allantoin in serum and urine of the rats with abnormal nucleic acid metabolism caused by adenine administration were measured. The results indicated that the value of serum allantoin was more sensitive to abnormal nucleic acid metabolism.