CEA启动子控制HSV-TK基因表达对人结直肠癌细胞的杀伤作用

构建了以CEA启动子控制的HSV-TK基因表达质粒pCEA-TK。转染pCEA-TK的人结肠癌细胞LoVo对GCV的敏感性提高了1300倍。同样条件下,人宫颈癌细胞HeLa对GCV的敏感性仅提高8倍,且对低于血药浓度(20μmol/L)的GCV不敏感。以上结果显示在GCV存在时,CEA启动子控制下HSV-TK基因的表达使CEA阳性的人结直肠癌细胞获得专一性杀伤。此外,DNA片段分析和电镜观察表明GCV诱导转染pCEA-TK的LoVo细胞发生凋亡可能是这个系统杀死肿瘤细胞的机制之一。本工作还讨论了癌胚抗原(CEA)基因启动子用于人结直肠癌专一性自杀基因治疗的可能性。     

转TK基因的人结肠癌细胞对多种原药敏感性的研究

构建了含有单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因（HSV-TK）的重组逆转录病毒载体LTKSN．经PA317细胞包装后,感染人结肠癌细胞株LoVo．用G418筛选到稳定表达HSV-TK基因的细胞克隆LoVo／LTKSN．LoVo／LTKSN与野生型LoVo细胞相比,生长曲线无明显差异,细胞形态亦无改变．细胞毒试验证明LoVo／LTKSN对GCV的敏感性很高,半杀伤浓度IC50为0.5μmol/L,比野生型细胞提高了4000倍以上．三种不同的原药GCV,ACV和BVDU对LoLo／LTKSN具有效果不等的杀伤作用．BVDU和GCV联合作用效果更好．旁杀伤效果十分明显,低浓度GCV就可以将合10%LoVo／LTKSN的混合细胞中的大部分肿瘤细胞杀死．     

磷酸钙纳米介导自杀基因载体的构建及其应用研究

构建由CEA启动子、CMV增强子驱动的融合自杀基因PCDNA3.1(-)CVyCDglyTK表达载体和分别由CEA启动子和巨细胞病毒(CMV)增强子驱动的融合自杀基因PCDNA3.1(-)CEAyCDglyTK、PCDNA3.1(-)CMVyCDglyTK表达栽体.以磷酸钙纳米为载体分别转染CEA阳性的人结肠癌细胞株LOVO细胞和CEA阴性的HeLa细胞,Lovo细胞在感染以上3种质粒表达栽体后均有yCDglyTK mRNA表达,且对5-FC的敏感性明显增强:HeLa细胞在纳米PCDNA3.1(-)CMVyCDglyTK复合物感染后有yCDglyTK mRNA表达,对5-FC的敏感性增强,而在另外两种复合物感染后则没有yCDglyTK mRNA表达,5-Fc对其亦无杀伤作用,结果表明靶向性基因治疗栽体能使融合自杀基因在CEA阳性细胞中专一性表达,达到靶向治疗肿瘤的目的.     

肿瘤特异表达的单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因对人肺腺癌的实验治疗

利用CEA(癌胚抗原)只在肺腺癌中表达,而不在正常肺组织中表达的特点,构建了由CEA启动子控制的单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因(HSV-TK)的逆转病毒载体(pCEATK),然后将pCEATK导入表达CEA的人肺腺癌细胞GL和不表达CEA的HeLa细胞,在体内外观察了Ganciclovir(GCV)的治疗效果和“旁观者效应”.结果表明pCEATK只在表达CEA的肺腺癌GL细胞中特异表达,而不在HeLa细胞表达;GL的pCEATK转染细胞对GCV的敏感性增加了992倍,在裸鼠体内GCV也可以明显抑制GL转染细胞的生长,并有明显的“旁观者效应”现象;而HeLa的pCEATK转染细胞体内外对GCV的敏感性没有明显变化.这提示由CEA启动子控制的HSV-TK的逆转病毒载体对表达CEA的人肺腺癌的基因治疗可能是治疗人肺腺癌的有效方法.     

腺病毒载体介导CEA基因元件调控自杀基因治疗

构建以CEA启动子控制HSV-TK基因表达的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体(AdCEATK).纯化的重组腺病毒滴度达1×10¹²pfu/ml.CEA阴性的HeLa细胞感染AdCMVTK后对丙氧鸟苷(GCV)很敏感,而感染了AdCEATK后不被GCV杀伤.与此相反CEA阳性的LoVo细胞中AdCMVTK和AdCEATK都有很好的表达活性,说明CEA启动子有良好的细胞专一性.AdCEATK/GCV系统还有明显的旁杀伤效应.此载体将有助于实现对CEA阳性肿瘤的专一性自杀基因治疗.     

EGFR/AKT信号转导通路在调控结肠癌LoVo细胞生物学行为中的作用研究

目的:探讨EGFR/AKT(表皮生长因子受体/蛋白激酶B)信号转导通路在调控人结肠癌细胞株LoVo生物学行为中的作用机制.方法:用EGFR抑制剂AG1478处理人结肠癌细胞LoVo;用免疫细胞化学法检测p-EGFR及p-AKT蛋白表达;用MTT法检测细胞的增殖;用流式细胞仪检测细胞的凋亡水平;用Transwell小室观察体外细胞迁移能力;用Transwell小室结合Matrigel胶检测肿瘤细胞侵袭能力.结果:AG1478(20μmol/L)处理后p-EGFR及p-AKT的表达水平明显降低(P<0.05),细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力明显下降(P<0.05),细胞凋亡水平明显提高(P<0.05),结论:EGFR与人结肠癌细胞LoVo的增殖、凋亡、迁移和侵袭性密切相关,并可能通过AKT信号转导通路调控人结肠癌的发展.     

健脾化瘀中药提高胞嘧啶脱氨酶/单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因治疗肝细胞癌的实验研究

目的:观察健脾化瘀中药提高胞嘧啶脱氨酶/单纯疱疹病毒胸苷激酶基因治疗肝细胞癌的作用。方法:脂质体lipofectamine将含有双自杀基因的腺病毒载体pAd-CD/TK导人293细胞,收集病毒上清转染人肝癌细胞BEL7402,MTT法测定BEL7402细胞存活率。裸鼠人肝癌模型转染CD/TK双自杀基因后,给予5-FC500mg/kg,GCV 100mg/kg腹腔注射,同时予健脾化瘀中药960复方灌胃。观察肿瘤生长情况。结果:给予前体药物5-FC和GCV后,CD/TK转染细胞被杀死。并表现出较强的旁观者效应。转染细胞比例达到10%即表现出较强的杀伤作用(P<0.01)。健脾化瘀中药960复方具有提高旁观者效应作用,1.67ml/kg和2.5ml/kg960复方含药血清组细胞存活率显著低于对照组(P<0.01)。转染基因组应用5-FC和GCV治疗后,裸鼠肝癌的生长明显受到抑制(P<0.05),抑瘤率39.42%,单用中药组抑瘤率18.04%,中药与CD/TK 5-FC/GCV联合运用组,较单纯CD/5-FC/HSV-tk/GCV对裸鼠肿瘤模型的生长抑制作用更加明显(P<0.05),抑瘤率55.10%。结伦:腺病毒介导CD/TK自杀基因可有效地杀死人肝癌BEL7402细胞,健脾化瘀中药960复方具有显著提高CD/TK双自杀基因对人肝癌细胞的抑杀作用。     

细胞凋亡和代谢基因在转移倾向结肠癌中的研究

目的:应用基因微阵列技术初步筛选与不同转移倾向结肠癌相关的细胞凋亡和代谢相关基因,研究转移相关基因功能.方法:取结肠癌肝转移和无转移结肠癌组织,采用人全基因组表达谱芯片获得两组织的基因表达谱,分析比较两者之间细胞凋亡和代谢基因的差异表达情况;利用基因数据库检索结肠癌相关基因,分析基因功能.结果:应用含有16450个克隆(其中3869个未知)的cDNA微阵列分析发现,细胞凋亡或肿瘤相关基因中,2倍以上(Ratio值小于0.5或大于2.0)差异基因共216个,上调基因85个,下调基因129个.表达差异5倍以上(Ratio值小于0.2或大于5.0)共32个,上调基因10个,下调基因22个.在细胞代谢相关基因中,2倍以上(Ratio值小于0.5或大于2.O)差异基因共205个,上调基因86个,下调基因119个.表达差异5倍以上(Ratio值小于0.2或大于5.0)共15个,上调基因10个,下调基因5个.利用基因数据库检索分析发现5个基因与结肠癌转移关系密切.结论:结肠癌的发生和转移是多基因参与的,本实验应用基因微阵列技术发现细胞凋亡和代谢相关基因中发现5个基因与结肠癌转移关系密切.     

DLC-1基因表达对结肠癌细胞侵袭转移能力的影响

目的:研究DLC-1基因对结肠癌细胞侵袭迁移能力的影响.方法:将DLC-1 shRNA(短发夹状RNA,short hairpin RNA)序列克隆到质粒pGCsi-U6/Neo载体,采用脂质体介导的转染方法将构建的DLC-1 shRNA表达质粒转入结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞.采用RT-PCR技术和Western Blot技术分别检测LoVo细胞中DLC-1mRNA和蛋白表达水平的变化.Transwell小室人工重组基底膜侵袭转移实验观察LoVo细胞侵袭迁移能力的改变.结果:结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞表达DLC-1分子.所构建质粒表达载体能有效地干扰LoVo细胞DLC-1 mRNA和蛋白质表达水平;Transwell小室人工重组基底膜侵袭转移实验结果显示,转染后LoVo细胞侵袭转移能力明显增强(p＜0.05).结论:结肠癌细胞系LoVo细胞表达DLC-1基因,应用RNAi技术可特异性降低其表达.DLC-1的表达水平与结肠癌细胞侵袭转移相关.     

靶向糖基转移酶shRNA表达质粒对LoVo细胞侵袭和增殖能力的抑制作用

通过构建针对Ｎ-乙酰氨基葡萄糖转移酶Ⅴ(GnT-Ⅴ)的小片段发夹状RNA(shRNA)干扰表达质粒,研究了shRNA表达质粒沉默GnT-Ⅴ基因后对LoVo细胞增殖、黏附以及迁移、侵袭能力的影响．设计了靶向GnT-Ⅴ基因的小干扰RNA(siRNA)靶序列,构建shRNA表达载体并转染人结肠癌LoVo细胞,通过G418筛选建立稳定低表达GnT-Ⅴ基因的细胞株．分别采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹(Western blot)检测shRNA对GnT-Ⅴ基因mRNA及蛋白质表达的影响．并通过CCK-8增殖实验、异质黏附实验、划痕愈合实验、趋化运动实验、细胞侵袭实验评价pGPU6/GFP/Neo GnT-Ⅴ shRNA对人结肠癌LoVo细胞增殖、黏附以及迁移、侵袭能力的影响．实验成功地构建了GnT-Ⅴ shRNA表达质粒,并且该质粒明显下调GnT-Ⅴ的表达,LoVo GnT-Ⅴ/1564和LoVo GnT-Ⅴ/2224的mRNA水平的抑制率分别为82%和71.5%,蛋白质水平的抑制率分别为68%和56%．选择干扰效率较高的LoVo GnT-Ⅴ/1564进行进一步实验．CCK-8增殖实验显示,与阴性对照组相比,LoVo GnT-Ⅴ/1564的增殖受到明显抑制(P < 0.001),尤以72 h为著;下调GnT-Ⅴ表达可增强LoVo细胞的黏附能力( t = -3.357,P < 0.01),而显著抑制LoVo细胞的趋化运动能力( t = 44.051,P < 0.001);划痕实验结果也显示抑制GnT-Ⅴ表达延长LoVo细胞的愈合时间;用Matrigel胶介导的细胞侵袭实验结果显示,LoVo GnT-Ⅴ/1564和LoVo GnT-Ⅴ/NC的穿膜细胞数分别为(5.10 ± 1.25)个和(39.55 ± 2.16)个,GnT-Ⅴ/1564组较阴性对照组明显减少( t = 61.626,P < 0.001)．结果表明,靶向GnT-Ⅴ的shRNA真核表达质粒可以显著降低GnT-Ⅴ的表达,从而抑制LoVo细胞的增殖、迁移和侵袭能力,因此,该GnT-Ⅴ的siRNA序列可能成为治疗结直肠癌的有效靶点．     

CEA启动子控制HSV—TK基因表达对人结直肠癌细胞的杀伤作用

An expression plasmid pCEA-TK, in which HSV-TK gene was under the control of CEA promoter, was constructed. The human colorectal carcinoma cell line LoVo or the human uterine cervical cancer cell line HeLa was co-transfected with pSV2-neo and pCEATK, respectively. After G418 selection, both transgenic cell clones (LoVo/CEATK and HeLa/CEATK) were obtained. LoVo/CEATK cells were 1300 times more sensitive to the cytotoxicity of ganciclovir than LoVo cells. However, the elevation of GCV sensitivity induced by pCEATK gene in HeLa line was only 8 times. Injection of GCV resulted in significant regression of HSV-TK transfected LoVo tumor in nude mice. These data suggested that the expression of TK gene driven by CEA promoter specifically killed CEA-positive colorectal carcinoma cells. Transmission electromicroscopy and DNA fragmentation assay demonstrated that GCV could induce apoptosis in LoVo/CEATK cells. The possibility of the CEATK/GCV system in the treatment of human colorectal carcinoma was discussed.     

Anti-Fas antibody-induced apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines: role of the p53 gene

The cell surface Fas antigen transducts an apoptotic signal by its crosslinking with Fas ligand or anti-Fas antibody in a variety of human cultured cells. In this study, we examined the expression of Fas antigen and its mediation of apoptosis in six human colorectal carcinoma cell lines. A flow cytometric analysis revealed that LoVo, DLD-1, WiDr and SW837 cell lines showed higher expression levels of Fas antigen, in contrast to lower expression in COLO201 and COLO320DM. Interferon- enhanced the expression of Fas antigen in all of the cell lines examined. Both Fas ligand and Fas-associated phosphatase-1 (FAP-1) were expressed only in COLO320DM. Anti-Fas antibody induced apoptosis in LoVo carrying wild-type p53 gene, but not in the other five cell lines carrying mutated p53 gene. The transfection of wild-type p53 gene using an adenovirous vector upregulated P53 protein in WiDr and SW837 cells, both of which showed, however, no increase in apoptotic cells by anti-Fas antibody treatment. These results indicated that (1) Fas antigen was variably expressed, regardless of the p53 gene status and (2) the susceptibility to anti-Fas antibody-mediated apoptosis did not correlate to Fas, Fas ligand or FAP-1 expression levels. Therefore, we conclude that wild-type P53 expression might not necessarily be essential for Fas-mediated apoptosis in human colorectal carcinoma cell lines.     

电穿孔介导质粒DNA肿瘤内转移抑制恶性肿瘤生长与转移

利用携带绿色荧光蛋白（green fluorescent protein, GFP）编码基因的表达质粒,测试电穿孔方法介导目的基因活体组织内转移的效率并优化电击参数.在此基础上采用电穿孔技术直接将编码白介素12（IL-12）、白介素2（IL-2）、粒单细胞克隆刺激因子（GM-CSF）等免疫调节因子或反义血管内皮细胞生长因子121（VEGF₁₂₁）、可溶性血管内皮细胞膜受体（sFlk-1及ExTek）等血管生成抑制因子表达质粒转移至肿瘤局部.实验结果表明电穿孔介导GFP表达质粒肌肉内转移的效率较高,GFP可在肌细胞内持续高水平表达3周以上,而在肿瘤细胞内只能表达4～6 d,但高电压短脉冲电击组肿瘤内GFP阳性细胞数比低电压长脉冲组高2.68倍.多次电击介导IL-12表达质粒转移至肿瘤组织内,可有效地抑制小鼠膀胱癌BTT-gfp、人乳腺癌MCF-7及肝癌SMMC 7721-gfp的生长.MCF-7对血管生成抑制因子基因转移治疗较敏感,单独应用反义VEGF₁₂₁、sFlk-1或ExTek即显示明确的治疗效果.SMMC 7721-gfp单独应用sFlk-1有效.小鼠膀胱癌对单独应用反义VEGF₁₂₁、sFlk-1或ExTek治疗效果不理想,但联合应用sFlk-1和ExTek仍然可以有效地抑制肿瘤生长与转移,甚至使肿瘤缩小或消失.提示电穿孔技术是一项高效、安全、经济的体内基因转移方法.     

Downregulation of MDM2 expression by RNAi inhibits LoVo human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells growth and the treatment of LoVo cells with mdm2siRNA3 enhances the sensitivity to cisplatin

To investigate the biological effect of mdm2 in human colorectal adenocarcinoma LoVo cells, three mdm2siRNA constructions were recombined and transient transfected into human colorectal adenocarcinoma LoVo cells with low differentiation character in vitro. The results showed that mdm2siRNA3 reduced mRNA level of mdm2 and protein level of mdm2, leading to proliferation inhibition on LoVo cells, and reduced tumor growth in nude mice. It was found that depletion of MDM2 in this pattern promoted apoptosis of LoVo cells and Cisplatin (DDP) treated in the mdm2siRNA3 transfected cell population would result in a substantial decrease by MTT colorimetry. Decreasing the MDM2 protein level in LoVo cells by RNAi could significantly inhibit tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo, which indicated that mdm2 gene played a definite role in the development and aggressiveness of human colon carcinoma. It also could be a therapeutic target in colorectal carcinoma. The synergistic activation of RNAi and cell toxicity agents indicated that the combination of chemotherapy and gene therapy will be a promising approach in the future.     

Human embryonic stem cells and metastatic colorectal cancer cells shared the common endogenous human microRNA‐26b

The increase in proliferation and the lack of differentiation of cancer cells resemble what occur in the embryonic stem cells during physiological process of embryogenesis. There are also striking similarities in the behaviour between the invasive placental cells and invasive cancer cells. In the present study, microarrays were used to analyse the global expression of microRNAs in a human embryonic stem cell line (i.e. HUES‐17) and four colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines (i.e. LoVo, SW480, HT29 and Caco‐2) with different metastatic potentialities. Only the expression of miR‐26b was significant decreased in HUES‐17s and LoVo cells, compared with other three cell lines (P < 0.01). The quantitative real‐time PCR analysis confirmed the results of the microarray analysis. Overexpression of miR‐26b expression by miR‐26 mimics transfection and led to the significant suppression of the cell growth and the induction of apoptosis in LoVo cells in vitro, and the inhibition of tumour growth in vivo. Moreover, the potential targets of miR‐26b was predicted by using bioinformatics, and then the predicted target genes were further validated by comparing gene expression profiles between LoVo and NCM460 cell lines. Four genes (TAF12, PTP4A1, CHFR and ALS2CR2) with intersection were found to be the targets of miR‐26b. MetaCore network analysis further showed that the regulatory pathways of miR‐26b were significantly associated with the invasiveness and metastasis of CRC cells. These data suggest that miR‐26b might serve as a novel prognostic factor and a potential therapeutic target for CRC.     

人IL-12重组逆转录病毒载体在HeLa细胞中的表达

目的:包装携带人白细胞介素12(IL-12)的逆转录病毒,用于宫颈癌的治疗研究.方法:携带IL-12的逆转录病毒重组质粒pL35P40SN经PA317细胞包装,G418筛选.在NIH3T3细胞进行病毒滴度测定.然后用病毒感染人宫颈癌细胞HeLa.PCR、RT-PCR方法检测IL-12基因在HeLa中的整合和表达情况.结果:重组质粒pL35P40SN经PA317细胞包装后收获病毒上清,感染HeLa细胞,检测发现IL-12基因整合到细胞基因组DNA中,并且能有效的转录.结论:成功包装了携带IL-12基因的逆转录病毒,该病毒能有效感染HeLa细胞,并使携带的基因IL-12在细胞中表达,为今后IL-12基因治疗宫颈癌的研究奠定基础.