基于脑肠轴理论探讨健脾化痰方联合针刺治疗卒中后抑郁的随机对照研究

摘要 目的：基于脑肠轴理论探讨健脾化痰方联合针刺治疗卒中后抑郁（PSD）的治疗效果。方法：选取石家庄市中医院2018年4月~2022年5月期间收治的113例PSD患者。按照双色球随机分组法将患者分为对照组（n=56，基于脑肠轴理论，常规治疗联合健脾化痰方治疗）和研究组（n=57，在对照组基础上联合针刺治疗）。对比两组疗效、中医证候积分、美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表（NIHSS)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表-17（HAMD-17）评分、日常生活活动能力（ADL）评分、P物质（SP）和神经肽Y（NPY），观察两组治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。与对照组相比，研究组治疗4周后中医证候积分总分、NIHSS评分、HAMD-17评分和血清SP水平更低，ADL评分和血清NPY水平更高（P<0.05）。两组均未见明显的不良反应发生。结论：基于脑肠轴理论采用健脾化痰方联合针刺治疗PSD患者，可改善患者的临床症状、生活自理能力，同时还可减轻神经缺损状况，调节血清SP、NPY水平。     

针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练对急性踝关节扭伤患者踝关节功能、血清炎症因子和致痛物质水平的影响

摘要 目的：观察针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练对急性踝关节扭伤患者踝关节功能、血清炎症因子和致痛物质水平的影响。方法：选取湖南中医药大学第一附属医院2019年5月~2022年1月期间收治的116例急性踝关节扭伤患者。按照随机数字表法分为对照组（早期康复训练,n=58）和研究组（针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练,n=58）。观察两组治疗前、治疗4周后的疗效、量表评分[视觉模拟评分（VAS）、美国足与踝关节协会（AOFAS）踝-后足功能评分]、踝关节功能、血清炎症因子[白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]和致痛物质[神经肽（NPY）、P物质（SP）]水平。结果：研究组的临床总有效率为96.55%,高于对照组的77.59%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗4周后,研究组的AOFAS评分高于对照组（P<0.05）,VAS评分低于对照组（P<0.05）,血清IL-6、TNF-α、IL-1β水平低于对照组（P<0.05）,踝关节背伸活动度、踝关节跖屈活动度大于对照组（P<0.05）,血清NPY、SP水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：急性踝关节扭伤患者经针刺运动疗法联合早期康复训练干预后,可有效降低其血清致痛物质和炎症因子水平,有利于疼痛症状的缓解及踝关节功能的恢复。     

针刺周期疗法对气滞血瘀型原发性痛经患者性激素、疼痛因子和炎症因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨针刺周期疗法对气滞血瘀型原发性痛经（PD）患者性激素、疼痛因子和炎症因子的影响。方法：选取东莞市中医院2021年1月~2022年1月期间收治的PD患者122例作为研究对象，根据信封抽签法分为对照组（布洛芬缓释胶囊治疗）和研究组（对照组的基础上接受针刺周期疗法），各为61例。对比两组疗效、中医证候积分、中文版COX痛经症状量表评分、疼痛视觉模拟（VAS）评分、炎症因子[白细胞介素（IL）-1β、IL-6、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]、疼痛因子[前列腺素E₂（PGE₂）、前列腺素F2α（PGF2α）、P物质（SP）]和性激素[雌二醇（E₂）、孕酮（P）]。结果：研究组的临床总有效率为93.44%（57/61），高于对照组的75.41%（46/61）（P<0.05）。治疗3个疗程后研究组中医证候总分、中文版COX痛经症状量表评分、VAS评分均低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。治疗3个疗程后后IL-1β、IL-6、TNF-α均下降，且研究组均低于对照组同期（P<0.05）。治疗3个疗程后研究组SP、PGF2α均低于对照组同期，PGE₂均高于对照组同期（P<0.05）。治疗3个疗程后研究组E2低于对照组同期，P高于对照组同期（P<0.05）。结论：针刺周期疗法可有效改善气滞血瘀型PD患者性激素、疼痛因子和炎症因子水平，治疗效果明显。     

清气化痰汤联合穴位贴敷治疗AECOPD痰热壅肺证的疗效及对血清MMP-2、MMP-9、MMP-12的影响

摘要 目的：探讨清气化痰汤联合穴位贴敷治疗慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期（AECOPD）痰热壅肺证的疗效及对血清基质金属蛋白酶（MMP）-2、MMP-9、MMP-12的影响。方法：选取武汉市中医医院2020年8月~2022年8月期间收治的116例AECOPD 痰热壅肺证患者,按照随机数表法分成对照组（n=58,西医常规治疗联合穴位贴敷治疗）和实验组（n=58,对照组基础上联合清气化痰汤治疗）。对比两组中医证候积分、慢性阻塞性肺疾病评估测试问卷（CAT）评分、炎症因子指标[白细胞介素（IL）-6、IL-8、降钙素原（PCT）]、肺功能指标[第一秒用力呼气容积（FEV₁）、用力肺活量（FVC）、FEV₁/FVC]、血清MMP-2、MMP-9、MMP-12水平。结果：两组治疗后发热、咳嗽或喘息气急、大便干结、口渴喜冷饮、痰多色黄或白黏、CAT评分下降,且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后FEV₁、FVC、FEV₁/FVC升高,且实验组高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后IL-6、IL-8、PCT下降,且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后血清MMP-2、MMP-9、MMP-12下降,且实验组低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：清气化痰汤联合穴位贴敷治疗AECOPD痰热壅肺证,可改善患者的肺功能,降低炎症因子和血清MMP-2、MMP-9、MMP-12水平,进一步改善患者的临床症状。     

普济痔疮栓联合化浊解毒方保留灌肠治疗肛窦炎的疗效及对疼痛介质、免疫功能和复发率的影响

摘要 目的：探讨普济痔疮栓联合化浊解毒方保留灌肠治疗肛窦炎的疗效及对疼痛介质、免疫功能和复发率的影响。方法：选取我院2020年1月至2021年7月确诊的100例肛窦炎患者。按随机数字表法分为对照组（普济痔疮栓治疗,50例）和实验组（普济痔疮栓联合化浊解毒方保留灌肠治疗,50例）。对比两组疗效、中医证候积分、疼痛介质、免疫功能和复发率的变化情况。结果：实验组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗2个疗程后肛门坠胀及隐痛、排便不尽感、肛门潮湿评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗2个疗程后CD8⁺低于对照组;CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗2个疗程后前列腺素E2（PGE2）、P物质（SP）、多巴胺（DA）、五羟色胺（5-HT）低于对照组（P<0.05）。实验组治疗后4个月、6个月的复发率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：普济痔疮栓联合化浊解毒方保留灌肠治疗肛窦炎,可促进临床症状改善,降低复发率,可能与降低疼痛介质水平和调节机体免疫功能有关。     

超声引导下前锯肌平面阻滞对乳腺癌改良根治术患者血清疼痛介质、血流动力学及免疫功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨超声引导下前锯肌平面（SP）阻滞对乳腺癌改良根治术患者血流动力学、血清疼痛介质、免疫功能的影响。方法：选择2020年9月-2022年5月期间我院收治的120例乳腺癌改良根治术患者,采用随机双盲对照原则将患者分为对照组和研究组,各为60例。对照组患者接受常规麻醉,研究组患者在常规麻醉基础上接受超声引导下SP阻滞。观察两组患者的镇静镇痛效果,对比两组患者疼痛介质、血流动力学及免疫功能的变化情况,记录两组围术期间不良反应发生情况。结果：研究组手术开始后10 min、术毕心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h CD8⁺低于对照组,CD3⁺、CD4⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h神经肽Y（NPY）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）、P物质（SP）低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后24 h疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）评分低于对照组,Ramsay镇静评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率对比,无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：超声引导下SP阻滞可加强乳腺癌改良根治术患者的镇静镇痛效果,维持血流动力学稳定,降低血清疼痛介质,减轻免疫抑制。     

针刺对帕金森抑郁大鼠血清及脑组织SP含量的影响

摘要 目的：探讨针刺( 常规针刺、调神畅志针刺)对帕金森抑郁大鼠血清和脑中SP含量变化影响。方法：采取6-羟基多巴胺（6-OHDA）单侧纹状体双靶点注射法对大鼠进行帕金森（PD）造模并用阿普吗啡（APO）诱导实验检测。成功后,在PD模型基础上结合慢性不可预见温和应激（chronic unpredictable mildstress,CUMS）法进行帕金森抑郁（PDD）模型建立。将造模成功的40只PDD大鼠随机分为药物组、模型组、常规针刺组、调神畅志针刺组,每组10只,并设空白组10只,予相应治疗4周。采用免疫组织化学法和ELISA法对脑组织和血清中神经肽类P物质(SP)含量检测。结果：与空白组比较,模型组大鼠脑及血清SP含量显著升高(P<0.01)。与模型组比较,药物组大鼠脑及血清SP含量无明显变化（P>0.05）,常规针刺组、调神畅志针刺组大鼠脑及血清SP含量均明显降低 (P<0.05)。与常规针刺组相比,调神畅志针刺组大鼠脑及血清中SP显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论：针刺对帕金森抑郁大鼠脑及血清中SP含量均有调节作用,且调神畅志针刺组优于常规针刺组,而美多芭与氟西汀药物对帕金森抑郁模型大鼠脑及血清中SP含量无明显调节作用。     

负压封闭引流技术联合游离植皮治疗深度烧伤创面的疗效及对患者血清炎性因子及疼痛介质的影响

摘要 目的：探讨负压封闭引流技术（VSD）联合游离植皮治疗深度烧伤创面的疗效及对患者血清炎性因子及疼痛介质的影响。方法：选取2018年2月~2020年2月期间我院收治的103例深度烧伤患者,按乱数表法分为研究组51例及对照组52例,对照组患者给予游离植皮治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合VSD,比较两组平均换药次数、平均住院时间、创面愈合时间、细菌培养阳性率、首次植皮存活率、创面愈合率、并发症、炎性因子[白介素-6（IL-6）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）]以及疼痛介质[5-羟色胺（5-HT）、脑内神经肽（NPY）、前列腺素E2（PGE2）]水平。结果：研究组平均换药次数少于对照组,创面愈合时间、平均住院时间短于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组细菌培养阳性率低于对照组（P<0.05）,研究组首次植皮存活率、创面愈合率均高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组IL-6、CRP、TNF-α、5-HT、NPY、PGE2水平均较治疗前下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组的并发症发生率为5.88%（3/51）,低于对照组的21.15%（11/52）（P<0.05）。结论：深度烧伤创面采用游离植皮联合VSD技术修复疗效显著,可有效促进创面愈合,降低并发症发生风险,降低炎性因子及疼痛介质水平。     

疏肝健脾活血方对溃疡性结肠炎患者肠粘膜屏障功能、氧化应激反应及Th1/Th2细胞因子的影响

摘要 目的：探讨疏肝健脾活血方对溃疡性结肠炎（UC）患者肠粘膜屏障功能、氧化应激反应及辅助性T细胞亚群（Th1/Th2）细胞因子的影响。方法：选取2020年4月~2022年3月期间我院收治的UC患者80例,按照随机数字表法,将80例UC患者分为对照组（n=40,美沙拉嗪肠溶片治疗）和研究组（n=40,美沙拉嗪肠溶片联合疏肝健脾活血方治疗）,观察两组肠粘膜屏障功能、疗效、氧化应激反应相关指标、中医证候积分、Th1/Th2细胞因子的变化情况。结果：研究组的临床总有效率高于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗2个月后痛泻、胸胁胀闷、神疲懒言、嗳气评分均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗2个月后二胺氧化酶（DAO）、D-乳酸、内毒素均下降,且研究组低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗2个月后超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）高于对照组,丙二醛（MDA）低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组治疗2个月后白介素-4（IL-4）高于对照组,干扰素-γ（INF-γ）、INF-γ/IL-4低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组不良反应发生率组间对比无明显差异（P>0.05）。结论：疏肝健脾活血方辅助治疗UC患者,可调节Th1/Th2免疫平衡,改善机体氧化应激反应及肠粘膜屏障功能,促进临床症状改善。     

温针灸联合斜圆刃针治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及对血液流变学和血清疼痛递质的影响

摘要 目的：观察温针灸联合斜圆刃针治疗腰椎间盘突出症的疗效及对血液流变学和血清疼痛递质的影响。方法：选取2019年3月~2021年4月我院针灸科收治的118例腰椎间盘突出症患者,经随机数字表法分为观察组（n=59,温针灸联合斜圆刃针治疗）和对照组（n=59,温针灸治疗）。对比两组疗效以及治疗前后日本骨科协会(JOA) 评分、视觉模拟评分法 (VAS) 评分、Oswestry 功能障碍指数（ODI）评分、血液流变学指标和血清疼痛递质[神经肽Y(NPY) 、5-羟色胺 (5-HT) 、P物质(SP)]水平的变化。结果：观察组的临床总有效率为93.22%,高于对照组的77.97%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,两组VAS、ODI评分降低,且观察组较对照组低;JOA评分升高,且观察组较对照组高（P<0.05）。治疗2周后,两组的全血黏度和血浆黏度均下降,且观察组全血黏度、血浆黏度低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗2周后血清NPY、SP、5-HT水平均降低,且观察组较对照组低（P<0.05）。结论：腰椎间盘突出症采用温针灸联合斜圆刃针治疗可促进患者腰椎功能恢复,调节血液流变学并减少血清疼痛递质的分泌,疗效显著。     

Observations on the distribution, ecology, and behaviour of bats on the Galapagos Islands

The distribution of bats on five Galapagos islands was assessed using ultrasonic detectors that can identify the feeding calls of different bat species. Red bats ( Lasiurus brachyotis ) were present on Santa Cruz and San Cristobal. Hoary bats ( L. cinereus ) were present on Santa Cruz, San Cristobal, Isabela, Floreana and Santiago. Species identifications were confirmed by recordings of bat calls, observations of flying bats, and the capture of 21 red bats and three hoary bats. There was no evidence of other species of bats on the Galapagos. Body size measurements were similar to those of South American red ( L. borealis ) and hoary ( L. c. villosissimus ) bats. Species status of L. brachyotis is not supported by morphological data. Both species were active in lowland and highland habitats, and foraging activity was high around street lights. Radio telemetry was used to locate day roosts and the nightly activity areas of four red bats in lowland areas of Santa Cruz. During the day, these bats roosted singly in the foliage of nine species of plant. Nightly activity areas were 10 to 20 ha in size. The activity areas of individuals overlapped, and included their known day roost sites. Both bat species were apparently more active in lowland habitats during the cool garua season, and less active in lowland habitats during the hot season. Female red bats were more abundant in lowland habitats during the cool season than were male red bats. Mesic, upland habitat may be critical to the survival of bats in the Galapagos.     

Evolution of the chaffinch, Fringilla coelebs, on the Atlantic Islands

Chaflinches have differentiated within the last million years on the Canary Islands and the Azores. All island populations differ more from mainland relatives than from each other. The characteristics of island birds are large body size, short wings, long legs and beaks, and blue dorsal colour. Beak depth and width have increased on the Azores but not on the Canaries. As a consequence the Azores chaffinch has evolved more in the direction of the Canary Island F. teydea than have Canary Island chaflinches. Character displacement may have occurred on the Canaries. Most of the evolutionary shifts are not predicted from a knowledge of clinal variation on the mainland. Populations have differentiated more on the Canaries than on die Azores, but are less variable regardless of whether ecologically restricted (by teydea) or not. Similarly, within the Azores archipelago the most differentiated populations are die least variable. On the Azores, but not on the Canaries, differentiation increases with isolation, whereas wimin-population variation decreases with isolation and increases with elevation. A model for diese patterns is proposed in terms of gene flow between populations, which reduces differentiation but enhances variation, and directional selection and random genetic processes which have the opposite effects.     

Reflections on the Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health,Culture, Race,and Ethnicity

The main goal of this paper is to evaluate the Supplement to the Surgeon General's Report on Mental Health, with an eye toward informing future efforts to prevent and treat mental illness among racial and ethnic minorities. I first briefly discuss the historical background of the Supplement. I then present its strengths, which include the authority and visibility of the Office of the Surgeon General, the organization of the report by racial/ethnic group, the examination of the social and historical context of each of the racial/ethnic groups, and the emphasis on science. Last, I identify three major tensions within the Supplement, focusing on groups versus cultural processes, situating culture within individuals or social worlds, and examining differences between minority groups and whites versus examining conceptually informed processes. The Supplement makes a significant contribution to advancing our understanding of the mental health of racial and ethnic minority groups. The actions that follow (or don't follow), however, will determine the import of this document.     

Observations on the biology of the perch, Perca fluviatilis, in the River Stour, Dorset

SUMMARY. Opercular bones from 323 perch from the River Stour were used for age and back-calculated growth determinations. Annuli were formed during May at the beginning of the growth period. Growth was minimal from October to April. Female perch grew faster than males, and the growth rates of both sexes were higher than those observed in most other European waters. Spawning occurred during late April and early May; male gonads began development in August and had attained their maximum weight in September, but the ovaries developed gradually from August until April. Immature perch had an annual cycle of condition with a maximum in June-July and a minimum in December-January. The condition of mature males and females was affected by the gonad cycle. The fecundity of Stour perch is expressed by the formula: log egg number = 2.40 log length (mm) - 1.34.
Approximately 25% of males were mature at age I and all were mature at age II, whereas most females did not spawn until age III. Ephemeroptera nymphs and minnow fry constituted the bulk of the diet of 0-group perch; Ephemeroptera nymphs, minnow fry and Corixidae were the most numerous items in I group perch, whereas older perch contained Corixidae and a wider range of fish prey species, although minnows were the most numerous of these.     

Selenium, the element of the moon, in life on earth

The present status of selenium biochemistry is reviewed with particular emphasis on biomedical problems related to the selenium status of humans and experimental animals. Historical milestones of selenium biochemistry starting from the identification of the first selenoenzymes up to the elucidation of prokaryotic and eukaryotic selenoprotein biosynthesis are compiled. Topical hypotheses on the biological role of selenium in general and of individual selenoproteins in respect to antioxidant defense, redox regulation of metabolic processes, thyroid function, spermatogenesis, oncogenesis, and atherogenesis are critically evaluated.