水稻与大黍不对称休细胞杂交再生植株

采用ＰＥＧ（聚乙二醇）融合法,诱诱导水稻（Ｏｒｙｚａ ｓａｔｉｖａ Ｌ．）原生质体与无融合生殖大黍（Ｐａｎｉｃｕｍ ｍａｘｉｍｕｍ Ｊａｃｑ．）原生质体融合,经过融合体筛选、培养,成功地获得了再生植株并移栽成活。在融合前水稻原生质体经过２．５ｍｍｏｌ／Ｌ碘乙酰胺（ＩＯＡ）在室温（２２－２５℃）条件下处理１５ｍｉｎ,大黍原生质体经过６０Ｋｒ软Ｘ射线照射处理。对获得的２８株融合再生植株进行初步检测发现     

柑橘与枳属间体细胞杂种再生及其对脚腐病抗性的评价

Page橘柚 (CitrusreticulataBlanco×C .paradisiMacf.)胚性细胞悬浮系原生质体与枳 (Poncirustrifoliata (L .)Raf.)叶肉原生质体经电场诱导融合 ,4～ 5个月再生 15 0余棵小植株。再生植株根系发达 ,叶片具三叶特征。随机检查 2 0余株再生苗根尖染色体数目 ,表明都为四倍体 (2n =4x =36 )。随机取 7株进行RAPD分析 ,表明被检测植株都为杂种。用引起脚腐病的寄生疫霉菌 (PhytophthoraparasiticaDastar)毒素接种体细胞杂种及双亲叶片 ,结果表明 ,Page橘柚中度感病 ,枳高抗 ,体细胞杂种为抗病类型。     

外来入侵植物胜红蓟的胚胎学观察及繁殖系统研究

以采自我国广东江门和广州两个种群的胜红蓟(Ageratum conyzoides L.)种子为材料,采用流式细胞种子筛选技术(FCSS)和人工控制授粉实验,对胜红蓟的繁殖系统进行研究,并结合整体透明技术和微分干涉差(DIC)显微镜观察法,对其胚珠发育过程和花药结构进行细胞胚胎学观察。种子筛选结果显示,胜红蓟的种子既可以通过有性生殖产生,又可以通过不需要假受精的无融合生殖产生,属于兼性无融合生殖类型。开放性授粉和套袋处理之间的结实率均较高,分别为88%±1.2%和86.2%±1.2%,两者之间无显著差异;而去雄处理的结实率和开放性授粉、套袋这两种处理之间差异显著。胚珠的细胞胚胎学观察结果发现,胜红蓟的有性生殖胚囊发育方式为蓼型,无融合生殖胚囊的发育方式为山柳菊型。胜红蓟的花粉粒在花药内就开始萌发出花粉管,具有闭花受精特性。研究结果表明闭花受精和兼性无融合生殖等繁殖特性保证了胜红蓟在各种生存环境下的结实量,提高其在新生境中归化和入侵的可能性。     

光敏核不育水稻短日照植株的雄性器官和育性异常

采用形态学方法比较观察了 10个水稻 (OryzasatavaL .)雄性核不育系的雄性器官的发育状况 :1)雄性核不育系短日照植株的自交结实率和花粉可育度均显著低于对照 ;2 )程度不同地存在花药开裂和散粉障碍 ,有多寡不等的柱头无任何花粉附着 ,且附着在不育系柱头上的花粉萌发力弱 ;3)胚囊发育状况及异交结实率均未见异常。说明光敏核不育水稻短日照植株自交结实率低下乃因雄性核不育基因表达所致。     

龙须草无融合生殖的胚胎学证据

采用石蜡切片技术对龙须草(Eulaliopsis binata(Rotz)C.E.Hubb)进行了系统的胚胎学研究,证明龙须草为禾本科植物中一种新的无融合生殖材料.龙须草无融合生殖方式为无孢子生殖,在胚珠发育早期,多个珠心细胞特化为无孢子生殖原始细胞,由原始细胞发育为单核胚囊,经两次有丝分裂形成4核胚囊,进一步分化形成两种类型的成熟胚囊:(1)具1个卵细胞,1个助细胞和2个极核,占观察总数的67.6%;(2)具1个卵细胞,2个助细胞和1个极核,占观察总数的32.4%.胚囊发育属大黍型.多个无孢子生殖原始细胞可以同时发育,最后形成2个或多个胚囊,其比例为17.7%.胚珠内没有有性胚囊的发育.胚的发生有两种类型:(1)早发生胚(74%),开花前1～2 d,极核未分裂前卵细胞分裂形成胚;(2)迟发生胚(26%),开花后2～3 d,极核分裂形成多个胚乳游离核后,卵细胞启动分裂形成胚.存在多胚现象,多胚来自不同胚囊内卵细胞的孤雌生殖,多胚发生率为13%.胚乳由极核不经受精自发分裂产生.     

水蔗草兼性无融合生殖胚胎学研究

对水蔗草(Apluda mutica L.)的生殖方式进行研究,结果表明水蔗草进行兼性无融合生殖.胚囊发育分为两种类型,即有性生殖的蓼型和无孢子生殖的大黍型.无融合生殖胚囊频率为60.74%.在大孢子母细胞发育至四分体后,珠孔端的3个大孢子解体.合点端的大孢子未解体时,邻近大孢子的1个珠心细胞开始特化,形成无融合生殖的原始细胞,由该原始细胞发育形成有1个卵细胞、1个助细胞和2个极核的四核胚囊.     

龙须草无融合生殖的胚胎学证据

采用石蜡切片技术对龙须草(Eulaliopsisbinata(Rotz)C.E.Hubb)进行了系统的胚胎学研究,证明龙须草为禾本科植物中一种新的无融合生殖材料。龙须草无融合生殖方式为无孢子生殖,在胚珠发育早期,多个珠心细胞特化为无孢子生殖原始细胞,由原始细胞发育为单核胚囊,经两次有丝分裂形成4核胚囊,进一步分化形成两种类型的成熟胚囊:(1)具1个卵细胞,1个助细胞和2个极核,占观察总数的67.6%;(2)具1个卵细胞,2个助细胞和1个极核,占观察总数的32.4%。胚囊发育属大黍型。多个无孢子生殖原始细胞可以同时发育,最后形成2个或多个胚囊,其比例为17.7%。胚珠内没有有性胚囊的发育。胚的发生有两种类型:(1)早发生胚(74%),开花前1~2d,极核未分裂前卵细胞分裂形成胚;(2)迟发生胚(26%),开花后2~3d,极核分裂形成多个胚乳游离核后,卵细胞启动分裂形成胚。存在多胚现象,多胚来自不同胚囊内卵细胞的孤雌生殖,多胚发生率为13%。胚乳由极核不经受精自发分裂产生。     

从玉米原生质体产生遗传工程植物

谷类植物原生质体的转化以及从谷类植物原生质体再生植株的最初报道见于2年前(Ag-ricell Report 7:17,1986)。这些成果表明在谷类植物遗传工程方面最后的主要障碍已消除。从那以后,外源基因开始被导入到水稻,小麦,玉米,大麦,黑麦,甘蔗以及高粱的细胞中(Agricell Repott 8 :10,9∶5,31,1987;10∶7,1988)。从融合的水稻—黍,苇状羊茅(Festuca arundinace)和黑麦草(Lolium perenne)原生质体中已获得再生植株(Agrieell Report 8∶23,1987 3 10∶12,1988)。今天,Sandoz 的研究人员 C.A.Rhodes 以及他的合作者已经从经过重组 DNA 处理的     

普通小麦与簇毛麦不对称体细胞杂交的研究

以不同浓度(0～2.5mmol/L)碘乙酰胺(IOA)处理的小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)原生质体为受体,以经6krad(130rad/min)⁶⁰Co-γ射线处理的继代后4～5d期簇毛麦(Haynaldia villosa)愈伤组织原生质体为供体,使用PEG法诱导细胞融合。融合细胞经培养形成细胞团、愈伤组织或植株。通过形态学比较、染色体检查及同工酶分析,确认了得到的愈伤组织和再生植株为体细胞杂种。     

从“湖北光敏感核不育水稻”的未受精子房和花药培养出单倍体植株

采用10种诱导培养基,培养湖北光敏感核不育水稻农垦58品种的未受精子房和花药。共培养未受精子房2790个,获得胚囊愈伤组织17块,最高诱导频率达3.33%,其中2块分化出绿苗。培养花药16740个,获得花药愈伤组织15块,最高诱导频率为0.92%,其中3块分化出苗,2丛白苗,1株绿苗。胚囊植株和花粉植株经根尖染色体检查为单倍体,2n=x=12。实验证明,液体培养、2,4-D0.2-0.5 mg/1、低温预处理对诱导胚囊愈伤组织及花粉愈伤组织的形成具良好效果。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.