通过PCR进行长片段DNA的合成

利用PCR合成DNA长片段(Synthesis Large Frament DNA using PCR,SLFD PCR)是一种有效的合成长片段DNA的方法。采用一段已知的500～600bp碱基的DNA片段为PCR模板,根据所要合成的DNA序列可以设计一系列的PCR引物,这些引物都位于模板DNA的5’端,长度为50～60bp,且从5’到3’方向顺序重叠,重叠碱基数目为12～15,全部引物叠加所得到的DNA正是自己所要合成的DNA。这组引物中最3’端的一条含有一个BamH Ⅰ酶切位点,在该位点后面有15碱基与模板DNA5’端一致的序列。另外还设计一条与该模板匹配的下游引物,引物内也含有一个BamH Ⅰ酶切位点。首先采用5’端最右侧的引物与下游引物进行PCR,在PCR进行10个循环后,以此次PCR的产物为下一轮PCR的模板,该轮PCR采用右侧倒数第二个引物为上游引物,下游引物保持不变。采用类似的方法,完成所有的PCR循环,就可以得到所需要合成的DNA长片段。该方法尤其适合100～200碱基左右的长片段DNA的快速合成与克隆。     

用寡核苷酸本身作为PCR引物检测其重组DNA

以待检测的寡核苷酸本身作为一个引物,加上两个载体特异引物,组成两对PCR引物。含待检测寡核苷酸片段的重组DNA用这两对引物可分别扩增出两个大小不同的片段,而载体DNA只有一对引物（即载体特异引物）可扩增出一个较小的片段。     

东方田鼠特异DNA片段的克隆及核苷酸序列分析

目的获得东方田鼠的特异DNA序列.方法Aβ基因使用PCR,基因克隆,斑点杂交,DNA序列分析,生物信息学技术.结果根据小鼠MHCⅡ外显子2及其两侧序列,合成引物并扩增东方田鼠基因组DNA,将PCR产物回收、测序后,分别设计内引物扩增东方田鼠基因组DNA,其中一对引物可得到特异性扩增带,将得到的DNA片段插入PGEM-Teasy载体,进行序列分析.用这对引物扩增人、昆明小鼠、BALB/c小鼠及C57BL/6J小鼠基因组DNA,均无扩增产物.以东方田鼠特异性扩增产物为探针进行斑点杂交,除东方田鼠基因组DNA外,其他几种动物基因组DNA均为阴性结果.进一步对该DNA片段进行了BLAST同源性搜索和外显子预测,在Genbank中没有发现高度同源序列,并且找到一个可能的外显子,该外显子由69个氨基酸组成.结论获得的DNA片段为东方田鼠的特异片段,这将为从分子水平深入研究东方田鼠的遗传背景、生物进化规律以及东方田鼠抗日本血吸虫的机理奠定基础.     

应用引物延伸预扩增提高微量DNA拷贝数

采用引物延伸预扩增方法 ,可普遍提高微量模板DNA的拷贝数 ,便于进行基因分析时克服标本量少、来源困难的制约。采用常规扩增、检测 2 4 8bp的DYZ1片段体系为观察对象 ,其最小模板量需 1.5ng/2 0 μl体系。以 15个碱基随机寡核苷酸为引物 ,对最小模板量进行预扩增 ,再以其产物 1/10为模板 ,特异扩增DYZ1片段。进行相对定量分析 ,判断原模板DNA拷贝数增加的程度。结果 1.5ng男性DNA经随机扩增后 ,此DYZ1片段拷贝数增加了 10倍以上 ,大大地提高了特异DNA片段扩增的模板量。表明经随机引物延伸预扩增后 ,微量标本DNA片段拷贝数获得普遍提高 ,增加了微量DNA扩增的敏感度     

应用RD-PCR技术制备HIV基因芯片探针

利用限制性显示 (RD PCR)技术快速分离HIV 1基因片段制备DNA芯片探针 .以Sau3AⅠ酶切HIV基因 ,得到许多大小适合芯片的限制性酶切片段 .然后在片段两端接上接头 ,根据酶切位点、接头的序列设计通用引物 .在该通用引物的 3′端分别延伸一个碱基后 ,通过引物间的两两组合 ,将PCR反应分成 10个亚组 .纯化各组PCR产物 ,克隆到T载体上 .阳性克隆经鉴定、扩大培养后提取质粒 .以质粒为模板扩增靶片段并进行序列分析 .每个亚型得到了十几个 10 0～ 10 0 0bp的HIV基因片段 .研究表明 ,RD PCR技术是一种有效的快速制备基因芯片探针的方法     

结合单酶切位点的融合PCR技术对SCN1A基因的定点诱变

目的:利用结合单酶切位点的融合PCR技术对癫痫相关基因SCN1A进行定点突变。方法:首先设计两对引物PF1/PR1和PF2/PR2,PF1和PR2均位于突变位点最近的单酶切位点处,而突变位点设计在第一对反向引物(PR1)和第二对正向引物上(PF2)。通过重叠延伸法两次PCR扩增:第一次用PF1/PR1和PF2/PR2分开扩增,以扩增产物作模板,PF1/PR2作引物进行融合PCR,得到的扩增产物即含有所需要的突变位点,最后将扩增片段克隆入pMD18-T载体,经测序筛选阳性克隆。结果:DNA测序表明SCN1A基因所编码的第946位密码子由精氨酸(Arg)突变为组氨酸(His),再通过酶切和连接反应将重组质粒上的突变片段替换SCN1A表达质粒上的对应片段,成功构建了SCN1A突变载体。结论:与现在常用的长距离PCR定点诱导突变相比较,结合单酶切位点的融合PCR定点突变技术具备扩增距离短的优点,大大降低了自发突变的概率,适合于大肠杆菌中易自发突变的较大载体的定点诱变。     

双退火温度PCR扩增DNA

【目的】与设置单一退火温度的常规PCR(S-T_m PCR)不同,本研究探讨双退火温度PCR(D-T_m PCR)由高到低设置2条引物各自退火温度。【方法】以PxF61和VPel为正/反向引物,用Q5 DNA聚合酶扩增4.3 kb的模式DNA pET20b-Xyn(黑曲霉木聚糖酶基因)。PCR程序为:98°C预变性3 min,30次循环{98°C变性30 s,设置双退火[T_(m1) 70°C(Px F61)退火15 s、T_(m2) 62°C(VPel)退火15 s],72°C延伸130 s}。【结果】与S-T_m PCR(61°C)相比,D-T_m PCR扩增4.3 kb的目的条带亮度更高,减少2条杂带;经25次循环目的 DNA产物量最高。D-T_m PCR用于长片段引物扩增5.3 kb重组质粒DNA条带更明显。【结论】D-T_m PCR直接扩增目的条带,避免了探讨T_m的麻烦,不要求2条引物T_m相近,从理论上更加清晰地认识引物与各自模板分步退火过程。     

基于Cre重组酶体系的鸡卵清蛋白基因打靶载体的构建

利用胚胎干细胞基因打靶技术制备转基因鸡是研制鸡输卵管反应器的最佳技术路线。为建立基于Cre/loxp系统的鸡卵清蛋白基因(Ovalbumingene,OV)位点的双交换打靶载体系统,本研究克隆了鸡的OV基因7.8kb片段,并与克隆的内部核糖体进入位点(IRES)、人工合成的含有Cre重组酶识别位点变异体交换盒m2/loxp71EGFPloxp66,一起构建了含有Hsvtk负筛选标记的针对鸡卵清蛋白基因位点的敲入型共表达基因打靶载体pSSCm2/71EGFP66IRESOV7.8;以猪β干扰素基因(βInterferon,IFNβ)为目的基因构建了穿梭载体pMDm2/66MCSIFNMCSLoxp71,经过限制酶酶切及部分测序鉴定,所构建载体结构正确。进一步将它们共转化组成性表达Cre的细菌BM25.8,验证了loxp突变位点对重组反应的有效性     

HSV-tk基因逆转录病毒重组体的构建与DNA序列分析

目的　构建含有单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型胸苷激酶 (HSV1 tk)基因的逆转录病毒重组载体pLXSN TK。方法设计一对寡核苷酸引物 ,用PCR方法从质粒pHSV10 6中特异扩增HSV tk基因片段 ( 1168bp) ,分别用BamHI和Eco RI酶切后 ,定向连接到质粒pLXSN中 ,转化宿主菌TG1,分别用上述内切酶 ,PCR和DNA测序鉴定重组质粒。结果　酶切鉴定所切下的片段和PCR扩增的片段大小均与预计相符 ,测序结果与文献报道序列及预计结果一致 ,证实符合表达框架。结论　成功构建了HSV tk嵌合重组质粒pLXSN TK。     

青花菜细胞质雄性不育系线粒体DNA的提取与RAPD分析

利用分子生物学方法提取青花菜不育系及其保持系线粒体的DNA,经琼脂糖凝胶电泳表明所提取的线粒体DNA纯度较高。通过40个引物进行随机引物多态性扩增,结果表明,由引物S66扩增出一条1 000 bp左右的特异条带BMS1000,该条带是不育系m tDNA所特有的,初步推断该特异条带可能与不育性相关。     

我国D2-43病毒株PrM-E基因的复制型载体质粒DNA的免疫原性(英文)

观察含我国登革 2型病毒株 (D2 4 3)的PrM E基因的复制型SFV(semlikiforestvirus)重组质粒DNA的免疫原性 ,为登革新型疫苗的研制提供依据 .将PrM E基因自T载体上切下 ,插入复制型SFV病毒载体质粒DNA中 .将此重组质粒DNA以电穿孔法导入BHK2 1细胞 ,用间接免疫荧光法在感染细胞内可检测到登革 2型病毒特异蛋白的表达 .采用去除内毒素的质粒提取试剂盒制备重组质粒DNA ,然后以不同剂量通过肌肉多点注射途径免疫Balb c鼠 ,获得的鼠血清可与登革D2 4 3感染的C6 36抗原片起特异的抗原抗体反应 .结果表明 ,含登革 2型病毒PrM E基因的复制型SFV病毒载体质粒DNA在Balb c鼠中可诱导登革 2型病毒特异抗体的产生 ,但抗体水平较低 .     

单纯疱疹病毒2型特异性DNA片段的克隆和鉴定

用核酸限制性内切酶BamHI对单纯疱疹病毒2型(HSV—2)的DNA进行酶解,回收位于基因组中的反向重复序列区的Bam HIG片段,然后将其克隆在载体质粒PUC 8的Bam HI切点上,进一步用核酸限制性内切酶Eco RI和KPNI对这一重组质粒联合酶解,移去EcoRI—KPNI小片段,经末端修饰后,将其连接得到新的重组质粒pRC102,它含有一小段HSV—2的DNA序列。以此质粒为探针,分别与HSV—1、HSV—2及细胞DNA进行斑点杂交;与HSV—1和HSV—2酶解后的DNA片段进行Southern转印系交。两组实验结果显示,pRC102质粒DNA只与HSV—2 DNA特异性杂交,其HSV—2的型特异性良好。     

A QuikChange-like method to realize efficient blunt-ended DNA directional cloning and site-directed mutagenesis simultaneously

Here we present a QuikChange-like method to efficiently realize blunt-ended DNA cloning and conveniently introduce a site-directed mutation to recombinant plasmid at the same time. After blunt-ended DNA ligation and transformation, the plasmid DNA mixture is extracted from pooled transformants and directly used as template for PCR amplification with a pair of complementary mutagenic primers. With this method, sam1 gene was inserted into pUC19 vector by blunt-end ligation, and a unique restriction site Spe I was introduced to the recombinant plasmid at the same time. The randomly selected transformants were analyzed by DNA sequencing, and most of the clones were found to have correct sequences. However, no correct construct was found from randomly selected transformants after traditional blunt-ended DNA ligation and transformation.     

Construction, electrochemically biosensing and discrimination of recombinant plasmid (pEThIL-2) on the basis of interleukine-2 DNA insert

Construction, electrochemically biosensing and discrimination of recombinant pEThIL-2 plasmid, with 5839 bp size, on the basis of interleukine-2 (IL-2) DNA insert are described. Plasmid pEThIL-2 was constructed by PCR amplification of IL-2 encoding DNA and subcloning into pET21a(+) vector using BamHI and SacI sites. The recombinant pEThIL-2 plasmid was detected with a label-free DNA hybridization biosensor using a non-inosine substituted probe. The proposed sensor was made up by immobilization of a 20-mer antisense single strand oligonucleotide (chIL-2) related to the human interleukine-2 gene on the pencil graphite electrode (PGE) as a probe and then the sensing of recombinant pEThIL-2 plasmid was conducted by anodic differential pulse voltammetry (ADPV) based on guanine oxidation signal. Selectivity of the detection was assessed with pET21a(+) non-complementary plasmid, with 5443 bp size, lacking IL-2 encoding DNA. Different factors such as electrode activation conditions and washing strategy were tested in order to eliminate the nonspecific adsorption of pET21a(+). We have found that the PGE activation for 300 s produces a condition in which desorption of nonspecifically adsorbed plasmids from the electrode surface can be achieved by 300 s washing of the electrode in 20 mM Tris–HCl buffer solution (pH 7.0) containing 20 mM NaCl. Diagnostic performance of the biosensor is described and the detection limit is found to be 10.31 pg/μL.     

耐热DNA聚合酶基因的克隆及在大肠杆菌中的表达

用PCR法从水生栖热菌菌株YT－1中扩增耐热DNA聚合酶基因,得到2．5kb的DNA片段t扩增片段重组到pUCl8中测序证实为Taq DNA聚合酶基因,将该片段重组到pBV221温控表达质粒中,在大肠杆菌中表达出94kDa的重组蛋白,100ml培养物的细胞产酶为1．5×10⁵u,表达的蛋白能催化PCR反应的进行。     

一种高效低背景T载体的构建

介绍一种构建高效低背景T载体的通用方法。使用含有ccdB致死基因的gateway cassette 片段作为插入DNA片段以降低背景干扰,连接到pGEM-T easy 载体骨架上,通过内切酶XcmI酶切重组质粒即得到T 载体。对重组质粒进行了酶切,PCR 和测序验证,并且利用连接效率实验证实了T 载体具有100% 的阳性克隆率。构建的T载体不仅继承了pGEM-T easy的众多优点,而且具有高效、低背景的卓越特点;另外,引入的常用限制性内切酶和 LR重组反应介导的gateway 技术为亚克隆提供了便利。     

DNA protection with the DNA methylase M . BbvI from Bacillus brevis var. GB against cleavage by the restriction endonucleases PstI and PvuII

BamHI fragments of the Bacillus brevis var. GB plasmid pAD1 have been cloned in Escherichia coli HB101 using pBR322 plasmid as a vector. The analysis of the recombinant plasmids showed that additional PstI sites had appeared in cloned fragments of pAD1. Methylation of the recombinant plasmids in vitro by enzymes from B. brevis GB cells blocks cleavage at these additional PstI sites of cloned pAD1 fragments and at the PstI site of pBR322. Among DNA methylases of B. brevis GB, the cytosine DNA methylase M . BbvI is the most likely agent modifying the recognition sequences of PstI. The methylase can modify cytosine residues in PstI or PvuII sites if these recognition sequences are linked to G at 5'- or to C at 3'-termini. In particular, in vitro methylation of the SV40 DNA by B. brevis GB methylases protects one of the two PstI sites and two of the three PvuII sites. The described effect of the protection of the specific PstI and PvuII sites may be used for physical mapping of genomes and DNA cloning.     

短小芽孢杆菌木聚糖酶基因在毕赤酶母中的分泌表达及酶学性质研究

将短小芽孢杆菌HB030的内切-1,4-木聚糖酶基因克隆到毕赤酵母表达载体pPIC9K,得到重组质粒pH-BM220,将pHBM220经酶切后分别转化三株毕赤酵母KM71、GS115、SMD1168,该木聚糖酶基因在三株毕赤酵母中均实现了分泌表达,将重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）,GS115（pHBM220),GS115(pHBM220),SMD1168（pHBM220）分别诱导产酶,对重组酶进行相关的酶学性质分析表明,三的最适反应pH值约为5.5,最适反应温度约为60℃,在其最适反应条件下测得三粗酶液酶活分别为10.80IU/mL,11.63IU/mL,9.68IU/mL,重组毕赤酵母KM71（pHBM220）所产酶的热稳定性较好,而在pH稳定性方面三没有太大的差异。     

Over-expression of xylulokinase in a xylose-metabolising recombinant strain of Zymomonas mobilis

The broad host range vector pBBR1MCS-2 has been evaluated as an expression vector for Zymomonas mobilis. The transformation efficiency of this vector was 2 x 10(3) CFU per mug of DNA in a recombinant strain of Z. mobilis ZM4/AcR containing the plasmid pZB5. Stable replication for this expression vector was demonstrated for 50 generations. This vector was used to study xylose metabolism in acetate resistant Z. mobilis ZM4/AcR (pZB5) by over-expression of xylulokinase (XK), as previous studies had suggested that XK could be the rate-limiting enzyme for such strains. Based on the above vector, a recombinant plasmid pJX1 harboring xylB (expressing XK) under control of a native Z. mobilis promotor Ppdc was constructed. When this plasmid was introduced into ZM4/AcR (pZB5) a 3-fold higher XK expression was found compared to the control strain. However, fermentation studies with ZM4/AcR (pZB5, pJX1) on xylose medium did not result in any increase in rate of growth or xylose metabolism, suggesting that XK expression was not rate-limiting for ZM4/AcR (pZB5) and related strains.