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1.
E. Nenz F. Pupilli F. Paolocci F. Damiani C. A. Cenci S. Arcioni 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,45(2):145-152
Culture conditions have been established for callus induction and growth from different explants in L. angustissimus L. Calli were obtained from hypocotyls, leaves, stems, cotyledons and roots cultured on media containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or -naphthaleneacetic acid with kinetin, N6 – 2 or benzyladenine in different combinations and concentrations. Only those calli induced in presence of -naphthaleneacetic acid with benzyladenine or kinetin produced shoots. Calli induced from hypocotyl explants were the most efficient in regeneration of shoots. Transformation with an Agrobacterium rhizogenes binary vector carrying the plasmid pBI 121.1 is reported. The percentage of cotransformation was estimated by testing GUS activity in hairy roots. The integration of Ri T-DNA and the NPTII gene in transformed plants was confirmed by molecular analyses and in vitro culture of transgenic tissues in the presence of kanamycin.Abbreviations BA
benzyladenine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- 1AA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2iP
N6 – 2
- PA
proanthocyanidins
- NOS
nopaline synthase
- NI TII
neomycin phosphotransferase
- GUS
-glucuronidase
- CaMV
cauliflower mosaic virus 相似文献
2.
Bidwell S.D. Pederick J.W. Sommer-Knudsen J. Woodrow I.E. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2001,67(1):89-92
A protocol for micropropagation of the nickel hyperaccumulator Hybanthus floribundus (Lindley) F. Muell. (Shrub Violet) is described in this paper. Healthy callus was first produced from stem and leaf explants on a medium containing half strength Murashige and Skoog medium with 5 M N
6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.5 M -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Numerous shoots (>20 shoots per callus) were also successfully grown from callus on this medium. The exposure time of shoots to auxin was critical for successful in vitro rooting. Best rooting efficiency was obtained by transferring shoots to auxin medium (100 M indole-3-butyric acid) for 24 h and then to a medium without growth regulators (about 75% of treated shoots produced healthy roots). Importantly, cloned shoots retained their ability to hyperaccumulate nickel. 相似文献
3.
C. C. Chu C. S. Sun X. Chen W. X. Zhang Z. H. Du 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1984,68(4):375-379
Summary Embryogenic callus cultures were obtained by culturing young inflorescence tissues of Hordeum vulgare cv. PF51811 (2x)XTriticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring (6x) hybrids on 2,4-D-containing N6 medium. After subculture for about 10 months the calli retained a high potentiality for somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. Of about 300 regenerated plants, approximately 100 were transplanted to potting soil. Eight embryoids and three regenerated plants examined had 28 chromosomes identical to the original hybrid plants, while one regenerated plant was found to be a mixploid composed of cells with 28 and 56 chromosomes. The possibility for obtaining amphiploid hybrids through tissue culture is discussed. 相似文献
4.
A rapid procedure is described for the separation of CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase reaction components using Sep Pak C18 cartridges. The quantitative separation of the more polar nucleotide sugar, CMP-sialic acid, and its free acid from the less polar GM3-ganglioside is simple and rapid relative to previously described methods. Recovery of GM3 is optimized by the addition of phosphatidylcholine to the reaction mixture prior to the chromatographic step. Using rat liver Golgi membranes as a source of CMP-sialic acid: lactosylceramide sialyltransferase activity (GM3 synthase; ST-1), the transfer of [14C] sialic acid from CMP-[14C] sialic acid to lactosylceramide can be quantified by this assay. The procedure is reliable and may be applicable to the isolation of ganglioside products in otherin vitro glycosyltransferase assays.Abbreviations GM3
GM3-ganglioside
- II3NeuAc-LacCer
NeuAc2-3Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer
- GD1a
GD1a-ganglioside, IV3NeuAc, II3NeuAc-GgOse4Cer, NeuAc2-3Gal1-3GalNac1-4(NeuAc2-3)Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer
- GD3
GD3-ganglioside, II3(NeuAc)2LacCer, NeuAc2-8NeuAc2-3Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer
- GgOse4Cer
asialo-GM1 Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer
- FucGMI
fucosyl-GMI-ganglioside, Fuc1-2Gal1-3GalNAc1-4Gal1-4 Glc1-1Cer
- ST-1
GM3 synthase, CMP-sialic acid:lactosylceramide sialyltransferase
- LacCer
lactosylceramide, Gal1-4Glc1-1Cer
- CMP-NeuAc
cytidine 5-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid
- PC
phosphatidylcholine
- PMSF
phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride 相似文献
5.
Ishverlal P. Pankhania Alfred M. Spormann W. Allan Hamilton Rudolf K. Thauer 《Archives of microbiology》1988,150(1):26-31
Cell suspensions of Desulfovibrio vulgaris were found to catalyze, in the absence of sulfate, the complete conversion of 1 lactate to 1 acetate, 1 CO2, and 2 H2 (G0=-8.8 kJ/mol) and of 1 pyruvate to 1 acetate, 1 CO2, and 1 H2 (G0=-52 kJ/mol). Protonophores, the proton translocating ATPase inhibitor N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and arsenate specifically inhibited H2 formation from lactate but not from pyruvate. The results suggest that lactate oxidation to pyruvate and H2 (G
0=+43.2 kJ/mol) is energy driven. 相似文献
6.
Norway spruce somatic embryogenesis: high-frequency initiation from light-cultured mature embryos 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Somatic embryos and rooted plantlets have been regenerated from light-initiated embryogenic callus derived from mature embryos of Picea abies. Under a 16 h photoperiod, mature zygotic embryos were cultured on a modified half-strength Murashige & Skoog medium without NH4NO3 and supplemented with 5 mM glutamine, 4.5 M N6-benzyladenine and 10.7 M naphthaleneacetic acid or 10 M 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. White translucent embryogenic callus, proliferating from the callusing hypocotyl region after 3 weeks incubation, was isolated from the green non-embryogenic tissue and subcultured for over 12 months. Upon transfer of the embryogenic callus through a specific sequence of media, somatic embryos proceeded to mature, elongating and forming rings of cotyledonary leaves similar to those of zygotic embryos. Transferred to medium without growth regulators, the somatic embryos germinated and produced plantlets with green cotyledons, elongated hypocotyls and primary roots. 相似文献
7.
Atriplex gmelini plants were regenerated via organogensis from hypocotyl explants. Callus lines were induced from the hypocotyl explants on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium supplemented with 1 M benzyladenine and 5 M -naphthaleneacetic acid in the dark. Shoots were regenerated from the callus lines on LS medium supplemented with 20 M thidiazuron and 0.1 M -naphthaleneacetic acid under a high-intensity light condition (450 mol m–2 s–1). The regenerated shoots were rooted on LS medium without growth regulators to obtain fully developed plants. We succeeded in transforming Atriplex gmelini from callus lines using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. 相似文献
8.
Modification of lignin by Geotrichum klebahnii 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
13C-NMR spectroscopic analysis indicates that the yeast-like species Geotrichum klebahnii is an efficient microorganism for lignin biodegradation. This strain modified beechwood lignin even if it was the only carbon source by C-C side chain cleavage, C-oxidations, aromatic ring cleavage and reductive reactions. The obtained results outline prospective application of G. klebahnii for biotechnological pre-treatment of lignocellulosic materials. 相似文献
9.
3-Å crystal structures of the cytochrome b6f complex have provided a structural framework for the photosynthetic electron transport chain. The structures of the 220,000 molecular weight dimeric cytochrome b6f complex from the thermophilic cyanobacterium, Mastigocladis laminosus (Kurisu et al. 2003, Science 302: 1009–1014), and the green alga, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (Stroebel et al. 2003, Nature 426: 413–418), are very similar. The latter is the first structure of a integral membrane photosynthetic electron transport complex from a eukaryotic source. The M. laminosus and C. reinhardtii structures have provided structural information and experimental insights to the properties and functions of three native and novel prosthetic groups, a chlorophyll a, a -carotene, and a unique heme x, one copy of which is found in each monomer of the cytochrome b6f complex, but not the cytochrome bc1 complex from the mitochondrial respiratory chain of animals and yeast. Several functional insights have emerged from the structures including the function of the dimer; the properties of heme x; the function of the inter-monomer quinone-exchange cavity; a quinone diffusion pathway through relatively narrow crevices or portals; a modified reaction scheme for n-side quinone redox reactions; a necessarily novel mechanism for quenching of the bound chlorophyll triplet state; a possible role for the bound chlorophyll a in activation of the LHC kinase; and a structural and assembly role for the four small PetG, L, M, and N subunits. An hors doeuvres hypothesis for assembly of the complex is proposed for the small hydrophobic stick or picket fence polypeptides at the periphery of the complex, based on the cis-positive orientation of the small hydrophobic subunits and the toothpick binding mode of the -carotene. 相似文献
10.
Desana Li >sková José Ruiz Ordóñez Alexander Lux Alfredo Piñeyro López 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1994,36(3):339-343
Isolated embryos ofKarwinskia humboldtiana were cultured in vitro. The growth of embryos and development to plantlets on woody plant medium supplemented with indole-3-acetic acid 6.10-2 mol l–1, gibberellic acid (GA3) 3.10-2 mol l–1, and 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) 2 mol l–1 was obtained. Multiplication of shoots and rooting of excised shoots has been achieved. Callus formation on modified Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 10 mol l–1, GA3 14 mol l–1, and kinetin 5 mol l–1 on hypocotyls, or on root cultures on medium supplemented with 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid 10 mol l–1 and BA 10 mol l–1 was induced.Abbreviations BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
1-naphthaleneacetic acid
- TEM
transmission electron microscopy 相似文献
11.
Meconopsis simplicifolia (D.Don) Walp. could be propagated by induction of adventitious shoots from callus produced on hypocotyl, cotyledon and rosette leaf explants of 4-month-old seedlings. Callus was initiated on agar-solidified Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 1 M kinetin +10 M -naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA). Shoots formed when the callus was subcultured on medium supplemented with kinetin or benzyladenine (BA) in combination with NAA, indoleacetic acid, indolebutyric acid or gibberellic acid. Excised shoots were rooted on medium containing auxin with 10 M NAA producing the best rooting (55%).Abbreviations BA
6-benzyladenine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxy-acetic acid
- FAA
formalin-acetic acid-alcohol
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- IBA
-indolebutyric acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid 相似文献
12.
The possibility of plant regeneration from leaf tissue, callus and callus protoplasts of Lycium barbarum L. has been studied. Leaf segments were cultured on B5 medium (Gamborg et al. 1968) containing 1.5 mg/1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.5 mg/1 -naphthaleneacetic acid. Regeneration of shoots was initiated after 30 days of cultivation. Callus was obtained from leaf and internode tissues on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) containing 0.4 mg/1 of 2,4dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. Subsequently, callus was successfully subcultured on the same medium with 1 mg/l of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 0.2 mg/l -naphthaleneacetic acid. Organogenesis in callus culture was obtained in the course of 40 days after transferring to TM-4 (Shahin 1984). Protoplasts were isolated from callus tissue grown in vitro using an enzymatic method. Cell colonies, minicallus formation and organogenesis were obtained. Shoots were rooted on Murashige and Skoog medium containing 0..1 mg/l -naphthaleneacetic acid. Regenerated plants were transferred to soil and were grown to maturity. Regenerated plants carried normal morphological traits.Abbreviations BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-D
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- Zea
zeatin
- GA3
gibberellic acid
- MS
Murashige and Skoog medium
- B5
Gamborg medium 相似文献
13.
Archana Mathur Ajay Kumar Mathur Arun Kumar Kukreja Paramvir Singh Ahuja Bali Ram Tyagi 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1987,10(2):129-134
A tissue culture procedure was developed for the establishment and propagation of a colchi-autotetraploid of Rauvolfia serpentina for possible commercial exploitation. Multiplication of autotetraploid shoots was obtained either through axillary bud elongation on Murashige and Skoog [1] medium (MS) containing 2.65 M (0.5 mgl–1) -naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.33 M (0.05 mgl–1) kinetin, or via multiple shoot formation on MS medium supplemented with 4.44 M (1.0 mgl–1) 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.53 M (0.1 mgl–1) -naphthaleneacetic acid. Rooting could be induced by transferring the shoots to MS medium containing 7.95 M (1.5 mgl–1) -naphthaleneacetic acid alone. The plantlets, thus formed, were tetraploid in nature by cytological observations of the root tips. They exhibited 80–90% success in establishment under glass house and field conditions. 相似文献
14.
Eng-Chong Pua Elena Ragolsky Stephen F. Chandler Trevor A. Thorpe 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1985,5(1):55-62
Callus of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Wisconsin 38) was grown on callus-proliferating (CP) and shoot-forming (SF) media with elevated sodium sulfate (Na2SO4) concentrations either in the light or dark for more than one year. An increase in Na2SO4 concentration resulted in a decrease in callus growth index, an increase in percent dry weight of callus tissues grown on both media, and a decrease in both number of calli forming shoots and number of shoots per callus in SF medium. The CP callus grown in the light spontaneously began to form shoots after the 5th monthly transfer, and spontaneous root formation occured after the 16th transfer in the presence of 0.75 and 1.0% Na2SO4. Both water () and osmotic (s) potentials of the callus increased with increasing Na2SO4 concentration; and callus exhibited greater and s in the light than dark for both CP and SF media. 相似文献
15.
In vitro regeneration of evergreen azalea from leaves 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
M. Mertens S. Werbrouck G. Samyn H. Botelho dos Santos Moreira da Silva P. Debergh 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,45(3):231-236
Rhododendron simsii Hellmut Vogel was regenerated using different types of explants, auxins and cytokinins. After a callus induction phase, with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid or -naphthaleneacetic acid, adventitious shoot regeneration was obtained on a medium supplemented with thidiazuron or zeatin. With thidiazuron shoots were small and a subsequent elongation step was required before rooting. An elongation step was not required when zeatin was used. The duration of the callus induction phase was negatively correlated with the regeneration capacity.Abbreviations 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- NAA
-naphthaleneacetic acid
- 2iP
6-(--dimethylallylamino)purine
- NOA
ß-naphthoxyacetic acid
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- IBA
1-H-indole-3-butyric acid
- IAA
1-H-indole-3-acetic acid
- TDZ
thidiazuron
- WPM
woody plant medium 相似文献
16.
Callus was initiated from in vitro grown immature leaf and ex vitro grown mature leaf and rhizome explants of Agave sisalana Perr. ex. Engelm, on MS medium containing 2,4-D (9.05 M) and kinetin (4.6 M) or 2,4-D (9.05 M), kinetin (4.6 M) and CH (1000 mg l–1) or mod. MS (NH4NO3, 1500 mg l–1) containing 2,4-D (9.05 M) and kinetin (4.6 M). Light was essential for callus formation which, however, was different in three types of explants on three different media compositions. Increasing NH4
+had a negative impact while addition of CH had a positive impact on callus formation. Shoot regeneration from callus from CH-supplemented medium only was achieved for rhizome and immature leaf tissues. The highest rate of regeneration was obtained with BA (26.6 M) as the sole hormone. Shoot buds g–1 callus varied according to BA concentrations. Shoot proliferation rate increased on half-strength MS medium containing BA (8.9 M). Microshoots developed on MS medium containing BA (2.22 M) and GA3 (1.44 M) and finally rooted on MS medium containing IAA (11.42 M). Acclimatized rooted plantlets are growing satisfactorily in ex vitro. This is the first report on plant regeneration via organogenesis of A. sisalana. 相似文献
17.
Streshinskaya GM Shashkov AS Usov AI Evtushenko LI Naumova IB 《Biochemistry. Biokhimii?a》2002,67(7):778-785
The structures of cell wall teichoic acids of the members of newly recognized genera of the order Actinomycetales were studied. Planotetraspora mira VKM Ac-2000T contains two types of teichoic acids: 2,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with -D-Galp at C-1 of glycerol and 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) substituted with -L-Rhap at OH-2 of glycerol (60%). Herbidospora cretacea VKM Ac-1997T contains the chains of 1,3-poly(glycerol phosphate) partially substituted with -D-Galp and -D-GalpNAc at C-2 of glycerol. The majority of -D-galactopyranosyl residues are substituted at OH-3 with a sulfate. The aforementioned teichoic acids have not been found in bacteria thus far. Actinocorallia herbida VKM Ac-1994T contains poly(galactosylglycerol phosphate), with the -Galp-(12)-Gro-P repeating units being linked via the phosphodiester bonds between the OH-3 of glycerol and OH-6 of galactose. Earlier, this structure was found in the cell wall of Actinomadura madura. The polymer structures were determined by chemical analysis and using 13C-NMR spectroscopy. The results show that teichoic acids are widespread in the order Actinomycetales. 相似文献
18.
Summary
Vicia faba callus line (VFS 1), isolated from expiants of immature embryo, grew satisfactorily onMurashige andSkoog complete medium with 1.38 M 2,4-D, or with 0.92 M 2,4-D to which 1.0 M kinetin was added. It also grew well on the B 5 modified medium containing 2.3 M 2,4-D and 25.0 M kinetin. On the last of these media the cultures grew more uniformly and without necrosis. They also showed diminishing variation in polyploidy in favour of diploids and corresponding aneuploids (hypodiploids).After being cultured for nearly three years on MS containing 1.38 M 2,4-D, 8–33% of cultures of VFS 1 were able to regenerate roots when transferred to either MS half strength with 5.37 M NAA, or to a medium without 2,4-D, or else to media with the addition of kinetin only (in various concentrations). 相似文献
19.
Guar (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba L. Taub) is a drought tolerant and multipurpose grain legume cash crop grown primarily under rainfed conditions in several countries. The effect of various growth regulators and their combinations on a variety of explants, namely the embryo, cotyledons, cotyledonary nodes, shoot tip and hypocotyle, has been studied and an efficient system for callus induction and regeneration from callus has been developed. It was established that Murashige and Skoogs culture medium containing 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (10.0M) in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (5.0M) with embryo or cotyledon explants is most suitable for induction of green and friable morphogenic callus, with a range of 82.5–95% of cultured explants responding to callus induction. Efficient de novo shoot regeneration was achieved by culturing the callus obtained on this medium on Murashige and Skoogs medium containing 1-naphthlenacetic acid (13.0M) in combination with 6-benzylaminopurine (5.0M) with a range of 82.1–88.4% of callus clumps producing 20–25 shoots. In vitro rooting of cultured shoots was obtained on half-salt concentration of Murashige and Skoogs culture medium supplied with indole-3-butyric acid (5.0M) on which 82–90% of cultured shoots produced healthy roots. The in vitro regenerated plants were grown to pod setting and subsequent maturity under greenhouse conditions. 相似文献
20.
Lynn S. Dahleen 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1995,43(3):267-269
Incorporation of cupric sulfate into callus induction, maintenance, and regeneration media significantly enhanced plant regeneration from callus cultures of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) immature embryos. Embryos from the cultivars Hector and Excel were cultured on MS medium containing 0, 0.1 (MS level), 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, 10.0, 50.0, or 100.0 M cupric sulfate. Plants were regenerated beginning at 8 weeks and continuing through 36 weeks. For Hector, medium containing 50 M copper regenerated significantly more plants than any other medium, with an average of 17 plants per embryo. In comparison, medium with MS copper levels (0.1 M) regenerated only 5 plants per embryo. For Excel, medium containing 5.0 M copper was the best, regenerating 1.4 plants per embryo. No Excel regenerants were obtained on medium with MS copper levels. Increased copper levels also increased the percentage of embryos that regenerated at least one plant, in both cultivars. The results indicate that MS copper levels are not optimized for barley callus cultures, and that improved plant regeneration can be obtained at higher copper concentrations.Abbreviations MS
Murashige & Skoog (1962)
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
The US Government's right to retain a non-exclusive royalty-free license on and to any copyright is acknowledged 相似文献