Heart rate and blood lactate concentrations as predictors of physiological load on elite soccer players during various soccer training activities

The purpose of this investigation was to estimate the physiologic strain on players during various soccer training activities. Ten soccer players from the first division soccer league of Turkey were used as subjects. The heart rate responses were measured during 4 types of soccer training. First, the heart rates that corresponded to a blood lactate concentration of both 2 and 4 mM were measured, and then, during the 4 types of training, they were correlated with the proportion of time that the heart rate was below the 2-mM lactate line, between the 2- and 4-mM lactate lines, and above the 4-mM lactate line. Mean heart rates during friendly match, modified game, tactical training, and technical training activities were 157 +/- 19, 135 +/- 28, 126 +/- 21, and 118 +/- 21 b.min(-1), respectively. The differences between all of these soccer training activities were statistically significant (p < or = 0.01). The results demonstrate that (a) technical and tactical training consisted of very low exercise intensities (most of the heart rates were below the 4-mM lactate level) and (b) the percentages of time that the heart rate correlated to a point above the 4-mM lactate reference level during the friendly match and modified game were 49.6 +/- 27.1% and 23.9 +/- 24.5%, respectively. The practical implications of these findings are that, by using 2- to 4-mM reference lines, coaches can structure heart rate zones that can help determine the individualized exercise intensity for their players as well as estimate overall exercise intensity during soccer training.     

Hypohydration adversely affects lactate threshold in endurance athletes

The purpose of this investigation was to observe the effect of hypohydration (-4% body mass) on lactate threshold (LAT) in 14 collegiate athletes (8 men and 6 women; age, 20.9 +/- 0.5 years; height, 171.1 +/- 2.4 cm; weight, 64.8 +/- 2.3 kg; V(O)2 max, 62.8 +/- 1.9 ml x kg(-1) x min(-1); percentage of fat, 11.4 +/- 1.5%). Subjects performed 2 randomized, discontinuous treadmill bouts at a dry bulb temperature (T(db)) of 22 degrees C to volitional exhaustion in 2 states of hydration, euhydrated and hypohydrated. The hypohydrated condition was achieved in a thermally neutral environment (T(db), 22 degrees C; humidity, 45%), with exercise conducted at a moderate intensity as defined by rating of perceived exertion (RPE, approximately 12) 12-16 hours before testing. On average, subjects decreased 3.9% of their body mass before the hypohydration test. Blood lactate, hematocrit, V(O)2, minute ventilation (VE), R value, heart rate (HR), and RPE were measured during each 4-minute stage of testing. In the hypohydrated condition, LAT occurred significantly earlier during exercise and at a lower absolute V(O)2, VE, respiratory exchange ratio, RPE, and blood lactate concentration. Also, the blood lactate concentration was significantly lower in the hypohydrated condition (6.7 +/- 0.8 mmol) compared with the euhydrated condition (10.2 +/- 0.9 mmol) at peak exercise. There were no differences in HR or percentage of maximum HR at LAT nor did plots of V(CO2):V(O)2 reveal differences in bicarbonate buffering during exercise between the 2 conditions. From these results, we speculate that hypohydration did not significantly alter cardiovascular function or buffering capacity but did cause LAT to occur at a lower absolute exercise intensity.     

Day-to-day changes in oxygen uptake kinetics at the onset of exercise during strenuous endurance training.

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of strenuous endurance training on day-to-day changes in oxygen uptake (VO2) on-kinetics (time constant) at the onset of exercise. Four healthy men participated in strenuous training for 30 min.day-1, 6 days.week-1 for 3 weeks. The VO2 was measured breath-by-breath every day except Sunday at exercise intensities corresponding to the lactate threshold (LT) and the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) which were obtained before training. Furthermore, an incremental exercise test was performed to determine LT, OBLA and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) before and after the training period and every weekend. The 30-min heavy endurance training was performed on a cycle ergometer 5 days.week-1 for 3 weeks. Another six men served as the control group. After training, significant reductions of the VO2 time constant for exercise at the pretraining LT exercise intensity (P less than 0.05) and at OBLA exercise intensity (P less than 0.01) were observed, whereas the VO2 time constants in the control group did not change significantly. A high correlation between the decrease in the VO2 time constant and training day was observed in exercise at the pretraining LT exercise intensity (r = -0.76; P less than 0.001) as well as in the OBLA exercise intensity (r = -0.91; P less than 0.001). A significant reduction in the blood lactate concentration during submaximal exercise and in the heart rate on-kinetics was observed in the training group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Cardiovascular effects of static and dynamic exercise

The cardiovascular response to static exercise has often been quantified on the basis of a comparison between static handgrip and dynamic cycling exercise. It is then difficult to make precise comparisons because the physical units of work are not compatible. If the data from dynamic exercise can be used to predict the cardiovascular response to zero movement (static exercise) this would suggest that static exercise is not fundamentally different from dynamic exercise. Using leg extension exercise which lasted for 1 min, a set of weights was lifted repeatedly 50 times/min, through three different distances. On each occasion, the heart rate, systolic time intervals (STI) and systemic arterial blood pressure were monitored non-invasively. Regression analysis of heart rate (HR) or blood pressure (BP) against the distance moved by the weights was used to predict the heart rate or blood pressure that would be expected for static exercise. In addition the same responses were measured following 1 min of static exercise during which the weights were held up but not moved. Five subjects, trained in leg extension exercise, completed the four exercise sessions in a random order. A constant force was produced in each variant of the protocol and in the static exercise it amounted to 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). The forces developed and the distance the weights were lifted were monitored. During this sustained static exercise at relatively low intensity the cardiovascular changes could be predicted from the responses induced by dynamic exercise. It is suggested that other factors are important in determining the cardiovascular response to exercise, not simply the mode.     

Effect of prolonged running on physiological responses to subsequent exercise

The purpose of this study was to compare metabolic and cardiopulmonary responses for submaximal and maximal exercise performed several days preceding (pre-test) and 45 min after (post-test) 21 miles of high intensity (70% VO2 max) treadmill running. Seven aerobically trained subjects' oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, respiratory exchange ratio, heart rate, pulmonary ventilation, ventilatory equivalent of oxygen, and blood lactate concentration were determined for exercise during the pre- and post-test sessions. No differences were found for submaximal oxygen uptake, oxygen pulse, pulmonary ventilation and ventilatory equivalent of oxygen between the pre- and post-test values. Generally, submaximal heart rate responses were higher, and respiratory exchange ratio values were lower during the post-test. Reductions of maximal work time (12%), maximal oxygen uptake (6%) and maximal blood lactate concentration (47%) were found during the post-test. Thermal stress and glycogen depletion are possible mechanisms which may be responsible for these observed differences.     

Blood lactate during constant-load exercise at aerobic and anaerobic thresholds

Venous blood lactate concentrations [1ab] were measured every 30 s in five athletes performing prolonged exercise at three constant intensities: the aerobic threshold (Thaer), the anaerobic threshold (Than) and at a work rate (IWR) intermediate between Thaer and Than. Measurements of oxygen consumption (VO2) and heart rate (HR) were made every min. Most of the subjects maintained constant intensity exercise for 45 min at Thaer and IWR, but at Than none could exercise for more than 30 min. Relationships between variations in [1ab] and concomitant changes in VO2 or HR were not statistically significant. Depending on the exercise intensity (Thaer, IWR, or Than) several different patterns of change in [1ab] have been identified. Subjects did not necessarily show the same pattern at comparable exercise intensities. Averaging [1ab] as a function of relative exercise intensity masked spatial and temporal characteristics of individual curves so that a common pattern could not be discerned at any of the three exercise levels studied. The differences among the subjects are better described on individual [1ab] curves when sampling has been made at time intervals sufficiently small to resolve individual characteristics.     

Comparison of blood and saliva lactate level after maximum intensity exercise

Several studies have described high correlation of salivary and blood lactate level during exercise. Measuring the effectiveness and intensity of training, lactate concentration in blood, and lately in saliva are used.The aim of our study was to evaluate the correlation between the concentration and timing of salivary and blood lactate level in endurance athletes and non-athletes after a maximal treadmill test, and to identify physiological and biochemical factors affecting these lactate levels.Sixteen volunteers (8 athletes and 8 non-athletes) performed maximal intensity (Astrand) treadmill test. Anthropometric characteristics, body composition and physiological parameters (heart rate, RR-variability) were measured in both studied groups. Blood and whole saliva samples were collected before and 1, 4, 8, 12, 15, 20 min after the exercise test. Lactate level changes were monitored in the two groups and two lactate peaks were registered at different timeperiods in athletes. We found significant correlation between several measured parameters (salivary lactate - total body water, salivary lactate - RR-variability, maximal salivary lactate - maximal heart rate during exercise, salivary- and blood lactate -1 min after exercise test). Stronger correlation was noted between salivary lactate and blood lactate in athletes, than in controls.     

Learned control of heart rate during dynamic exercise in nonhuman primates

The purpose of this study was to describe an animal model to test the relationships among the cardiovascular, pulmonary, and somatomotor command systems during exercise. Using operant conditioning, three chronically chaired monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were trained to exercise (to lift weights repeatedly), to attenuate their heart rate responses, and finally, both conditions were combined so that the animals were required to exercise and attenuate their heart rates. Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, rate-pressure product, O2 and CO2 concentration in expired air, and number of weight lifts were recorded and compared between the two conditions, i.e., exercise only and combined exercise and heart rate slowing. In all animals heart rate increases in response to exercise were significantly less (P less than 0.05) during combined conditions than during exercise only: the mean heart rate increase was 41 beats/min less during combined sessions than during exercise only sessions for monkey 1, 13.5 beats/min less for monkey 2, and 9 beats/min less for monkey 3. Rate-pressure product showed a consistent difference across animals paralleling the heart rate differences. This acquired response did not involve other cardiovascular and pulmonary parameters, which did not change systematically across animals. However, the pattern of cardiovascular reactivity in relation to O2 consumption (linear regression of heart rate and systolic or diastolic blood pressure on change in O2 consumption over many experiments) was attenuated during combined sessions relative to exercise only experiments. The relative attenuation of heart rate during combined sessions also remained significant when both experimental conditions were equated on the basis of work done. Therefore, this animal model shows a dissociation of cardiovascular, somatomotor, and pulmonary effects of central command.     

Evaluation of circuit-training intensity for firefighters

Firefighters are required to perform a variety of strenuous occupational tasks that require high levels of both aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Thus, it is critical that firefighters train at an appropriate intensity to develop adequate levels of aerobic and anaerobic fitness. Circuit training is a unique training method that stresses both energy systems and therefore may be a viable training method to enhance firefighter preparedness. Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare the aerobic and anaerobic intensities of a circuit-based workout to physiological data previously reported on firefighters performing fire suppression and rescue tasks. Twenty career firefighters performed a workout that included 2 rotations of 12 exercises that stressed all major muscle groups. Heart rate was recorded at the completion of each exercise. Blood lactate was measured before and approximately 5 minutes after the workout. The workout heart rate and post-workout blood lactate responses were statistically compared to data reported on firefighters performing fire suppression and rescue tasks. The mean circuit-training heart rate was similar to previously reported heart rate responses from firefighters performing simulated smoke-diving tasks (79 ± 5 vs. 79 ± 6% maximum heart rate [HRmax], p = 0.741), but lower than previously reported heart rate responses from firefighters performing fire suppression tasks (79 ± 5 vs. 88 ± 6% HRmax, p < 0.001). The workout produced a similar peak blood lactate compared to that when performing firefighting tasks (12 ± 3 vs. 13 ± 3 mmol·L(-1), p = 0.084). In general, the circuit-based workout produced a lower cardiovascular stress but a similar anaerobic stress as compared to performing firefighting tasks. Therefore, firefighters should supplement low-intensity circuit-training programs with high-intensity cardiovascular and resistance training (e.g., ≥85% 1-repetition maximum) exercises to adequately prepare for the variable physical demands of firefighting.     

Effects of isotonic and isometric exercises with mist sauna bathing on cardiovascular,thermoregulatory, and metabolic functions

To clarify the effects of isometric and isotonic exercise during mist sauna bathing on the cardiovascular function, thermoregulatory function, and metabolism, six healthy young men (22?±?1 years old, height 173?±?4 cm, weight 65.0?±?5.0 kg) were exposed to a mist sauna for 10 min at a temperature of 40 °C, and relative humidity of 100 % while performing or not performing ～30 W of isometric or isotonic exercise. The effect of the exercise was assessed by measuring tympanic temperature, heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, chest sweat rate, chest skin blood flow, and plasma catecholamine and cortisol, glucose, lactate, and free fatty acid levels. Repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant differences in blood pressure, skin blood flow, sweat rate, and total amount of sweating. Tympanic temperature increased more during isotonic exercise, and heart rate increase was more marked during isotonic exercise. The changes in lactate indicated that fatigue was not very great during isometric exercise. The glucose level indicated greater energy expenditure during isometric exercise. The free fatty acid and catecholamine levels indicated that isometric exercise did not result in very great energy expenditure and stress, respectively. The results for isotonic exercise of a decrease in lactate level and an increase in plasma free fatty acid level indicated that fatigue and energy expenditure were rather large while the perceived stress was comparatively low. We concluded that isotonic exercise may be a more desirable form of exercise during mist sauna bathing given the changes in glucose and free fatty acid levels.     

Fibrinolytic activity is not dependent upon exercise mode in post-myocardial infarction patients

In this study we investigated possible differences in fibrinolytic activity in cardiac patients while they performed treadmill and cycle ergometry. Thirteen post-myocardial infarction patients completed two maximal exercise tests on treadmill and cycle ergometers. Blood was collected before and after each exercise test and was analyzed for the fibrinolytic variables, tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) activity, and lactate. Maximal oxygen uptake, heart rate, and ventilation were greater (P < 0.05) on the treadmill than during cycle ergometry, however, blood lactate was similar between modes. t-PA activity significantly increased with exercise (P < 0.05) and there was a trend toward a reduction in PAI-1 activity with exercise, but this did not reach statistical significance. The fibrinolytic responses to maximal exercise did not differ between the two modes of exercise studied. Therefore, exercise intensity, but not the mode of exercise, appeared to be the primary determinant of the fibrinolytic response to acute exercise in these patients. Accepted: 29 January 1998     

Physiological adaptations to exercise in people with spinal cord injury

The number of patients that suffer some type of spinal cord lesion in recent years are high and have increased because of factors such as traffic accidents. Although their life expectancy has increased, cardiovascular illnesses is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality. Since the degree of physical fitness is an important factor regarding the risk of cardiovascular disease, the objective of the present study was to examine the global adaptation (cardiorespiratory, metabolic and thermoregulatory response) of the organism to exercise and the application of this data to the habitual practice of physical activity to improve state of health. A group of 42 patients with spinal injury, 85% of whom were paraplegic and the remaining 15% tetraplegic performed 42 exercise tests on a cycloergometer. Body temperature (tympanum, surface of the deltoids and surface of the back), metabolic parameters (plasma uric acid, glycemia, plasma lactate), cardiocirculatory adaptation (heart rate, blood pressure arm, blood pressure leg) and ventilatory adaptation (VO2, VCO2, fr Vt, VE) were monitored. Blood pressure in the arm, blood concentrations of lactate and ventilatory parameters showed an evolution statistically dependent on the work to which the subject was submitted. Heart rate showed a statistically significant correlation with the ventilatory parameters and work load. The proportional response of the cardioventilatory parameters to the increase in the work load allowed us to evaluate the repercussion of a given exercise and thus avoid exercise of an excessive intensity that could produce cardiocirculatory changes that might entail an added risk. Heart rate presents an excellent correlation, shown in this work, with the oxygen consumption and could therefore be used to quantify the cardiorespiratory and metabolic repercussion of the exercise carried out. Furthermore, this quantification may allow for the adaptation of exercise intensity to the patient thus improving the results obtained from the practice of exercise that has been proven so necessary in these patients.     

Some metabolical aspects of physical exercise under laboratory and field conditions

Parameters of exercise physiology were studied in nearly 300 subjects to resolve whether these indices were equally suitable under laboratory and field conditions to assess the level of physical fitness and optimum work load. Respiratory gas exchange, heart rate and exercise acidosis parameters were studied. The inference drawn on the basis of the obtained data has been that both the mode and the intensity of the imposed exercise exert significant influence on the variation of physiological parameters. During running either on the treadmill or in the field test, blood lactate levels were comparable, but performances related to these concentrations were not the same. When different modes of exercise were employed, also lactate levels differed between the laboratory and field studies. The performance of patients under or after exercise rehabilitation following acute myocardial infarction by using instrumental monitoring in the laboratory was found to excel that attained during rehabilitation exercise training. Any change in the level of physical fitness can only be reliably followed when physiological parameters are obtained with the same mode of exercise and intensity under the same environmental conditions. Modern training planning of sports and exercise should take into account the data derived from both the laboratory and the field studies concerning cardiorespiratory system and metabolism.     

Dose-response relationship of the cardiovascular adaptation to endurance training in healthy adults: how much training for what benefit?

Occupational or recreational exercise reduces mortality from cardiovascular disease. The potential mechanisms for this reduction may include changes in blood pressure (BP) and autonomic control of the circulation. Therefore, we conducted the present long-term longitudinal study to quantify the dose-response relationship between the volume and intensity of exercise training, and regulation of heart rate (HR) and BP. We measured steady-state hemodynamics and analyzed dynamic cardiovascular regulation by spectral and transfer function analysis of cardiovascular variability in 11 initially sedentary subjects during 1 yr of progressive endurance training sufficient to allow them to complete a marathon. From this, we found that 1) moderate exercise training for 3 mo decreased BP, HR, and total peripheral resistance, and increased cardiovascular variability and arterial baroreflex sensitivity; 2) more prolonged and intense training did not augment these changes further; and 3) most of these changes returned to control values at 12 mo despite markedly increased training duration and intensity equivalent to that routinely observed in competitive athletes. In conclusion, increases in R-wave-R-wave interval and cardiovascular variability indexes are consistent with an augmentation of vagal modulation of HR after exercise training. It appears that moderate doses of training for 3 mo are sufficient to achieve this response as well as a modest hypotensive effect from decreasing vascular resistance. However, more prolonged and intense training does not necessarily lead to greater enhancement of circulatory control and, therefore, may not provide an added protective benefit via autonomic mechanisms against death by cardiovascular disease.     

Effects of acute hypoxia on the determination of anaerobic threshold using the heart rate-work rate relationships during incremental exercise tests

Anaerobic threshold which describes the onset of systematic increase in blood lactate concentration is a widely used concept in clinical and sports medicine. A deflection point between heart rate-work rate has been introduced to determine the anaerobic threshold non-invasively. However, some researchers have consistently reported a heart rate deflection at higher work rates, while others have not. The present study was designed to investigate whether the heart rate deflection point accurately predicts the anaerobic threshold under the condition of acute hypoxia. Eight untrained males performed two incremental exercise tests using an electromagnetically braked cycle ergometer: one breathing room air and one breathing 12 % O2. The anaerobic threshold was estimated using the V-slope method and determined from the increase in blood lactate and the decrease in standard bicarbonate concentration. This threshold was also estimated by in the heart rate-work rate relationship. Not all subjects exhibited a heart rate deflection. Only two subjects in the control and four subjects in the hypoxia groups showed a heart rate deflection. Additionally, the heart rate deflection point overestimated the anaerobic threshold. In conclusion, the heart rate deflection point was not an accurate predictor of anaerobic threshold and acute hypoxia did not systematically affect the heart rate-work rate relationships.     

Lactate acidosis and the increase in VE/VO2 during incremental exercise

The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the onset of lactate acidosis is responsible for the increase in ventilatory equivalent (VE/VO2) during exercise of increasing intensity. Eight male subjects performed maximal incremental exercise tests on a cycle ergometer on two separate occasions. For the control (C) treatment, the initial work rates consisted of 4 min of unloaded pedaling (60 rpm) and 1 min of pedaling at a work rate of 30 W. Thereafter, the work rate was increased each minute by 22 W until volitional fatigue. Venous blood samples were taken before the onset of exercise and at the end of each work rate for determination of pH and lactate. Ventilatory parameters at each work rate were also monitored. Before the experimental treatment (E), the subjects performed two 3-min work bouts at high intensity (210-330 W) on the cycle ergometer in order to prematurely raise blood lactate levels and lower blood pH. The same incremental exercise test as C was then performed. The results indicated that the increase in VE/VO2 occurred at similar work rates and %VO2max although the venous H+ and lactate concentrations were significantly elevated during the E treatment. These results suggest that a decrease in the blood pH resulting from blood lactate accumulation is not responsible for the increase in VE/VO2 during incremental exercise.     

On the kinetics of anaerobic power

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: This study investigated two different mathematical models for the kinetics of anaerobic power. Model 1 assumes that the work power is linear with the work rate, while model 2 assumes a linear relationship between the alactic anaerobic power and the rate of change of the aerobic power. In order to test these models, a cross country skier ran with poles on a treadmill at different exercise intensities. The aerobic power, based on the measured oxygen uptake, was used as input to the models, whereas the simulated blood lactate concentration was compared with experimental results. Thereafter, the metabolic rate from phosphocreatine break down was calculated theoretically. Finally, the models were used to compare phosphocreatine break down during continuous and interval exercises. RESULTS: Good similarity was found between experimental and simulated blood lactate concentration during steady state exercise intensities. The measured blood lactate concentrations were lower than simulated for intensities above the lactate threshold, but higher than simulated during recovery after high intensity exercise when the simulated lactate concentration was averaged over the whole lactate space. This fit was improved when the simulated lactate concentration was separated into two compartments; muscles + internal organs and blood. Model 2 gave a better behavior of alactic energy than Model 1 when compared against invasive measurements presented in the literature. During continuous exercise, model 2 showed that the alactic energy storage decreased with time, whereas model 1 showed a minimum value when steady state aerobic conditions were achieved. During interval exercise the two models showed similar patterns of alactic energy. CONCLUSIONS: The current study provides useful insight on the kinetics of anaerobic power. Overall, our data indicates that blood lactate levels can be accurately modeled during steady state, and suggests a linear relationship between the alactic anaerobic power and the rate of change of the aerobic power.     

The significance of the aerobic-anaerobic transition for the determination of work load intensities during endurance training.

Anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic threshold (4 mmol/l lactate), as well as maximal capacity, were determined in seven cross country skiers of national level. All of them ran in a treadmill exercise for at least 30 min at constant heart rates as well as at constant running speed, both as previously determined for the aerobic-anaerobic threshold. During the exercise performed with a constant speed, lactate concentration initially rose to values of nearly 4 mmol/l and then remained essentially constant during the rest of the exercise. Heart rate displayed a slight but permanent increase and was on the average above 170 beats/min. A new arrangement of concepts for the anaerobic and aerobic-anaerobic threshold (as derived from energy metabolism) is suggested, that will make possible the determination of optimal work load intensities during endurance training by regulating heart rate.     

A more explicit estimate for the “implications of athlete's bradycardia on lifespan”

L. A. Kuehn has estimated the dependence of lifespan on exercise, based upon the hypothesis of a fixed total number of heartbeats, and upon a reduction in resting heart rate (“bradycardia”) due to exercise. He did not, however, assign an explicit dependence of resting heart rate decrease upon duration and intensity of exercise. With introduction of such a dependence, Kuehn's result is made more explicit. The dependence also eliminates results which can be viewed as paradoxical, viz. increased lifespan resulting from finite bradycardia with zero time spent on exercise. The extended theory suggests a lifespan increase for moderate amounts of exercise, and a decrease for very large amounts.     

世居高原健康成人逐级递增负荷运动测试心率拐点与乳酸恢复能力、肺功能的相关性*

目的:探讨世居3 200 m高原环境下20～40岁健康人群逐级递增负荷运动测试(Conconi)心率拐点(HRDP)与乳酸恢复能力、肺功能关联性。方法:以225名世居3 200 m高原的20～40岁健康人群为研究对象,按照年龄区分为20～25岁组(男26,女25)、26～30岁组(男32,女28)、31～35岁组(男29,女33)及36～40岁组(男22,女30),通过改良后Conconi测试前、测试中及测试后恢复期心率、血乳酸变化规律评价机体HRDP强度、心率恢复能力及血乳酸恢复能力。结果:①受试者心率水平随运动强度提高呈上升趋势,且运动后恢复期心率水平呈现下降趋势,世居高原男性Conconi测试中心率水平显著低于女性(P＜0.05);同年龄阶段下,男性HRDP出现较晚,女性HRDP出现较早;同性别阶段下,男性组随年龄上升HRDP出现时间提前,女性组该现象不显著;HRDP_speed随年龄上升存在下降趋势。②随年龄上升,受试者血乳酸拐点浓度逐渐降低,但低年龄组与高年龄组间不存在显著差异;男性Conconi测试中血乳酸水平显著低于女性(P＜0.05)。③随年龄上升各性别组FVC、MVV、FEV1及FEV1/FVC水平均呈下降趋势,男性组以上各数据均显著高于同年龄段女性组(P＜0.05)。④负荷-心率曲线及心率-血乳酸拟合曲线显示,男性组相关系数依次为0.8345、0.8954、0.8680及0.8892;女性组相关系数依次为 0.9318、0.9661、0.9663及0.9599。各性别、年龄组HRDP值均与其MVV水平存在显著关联(P＜0.05),除男性组36-40岁受试者外,其余各性别、年龄组肺功能与乳酸消除速率亦存在显著关联(P＜0.05)。结论:世居3 200 m高原20～40岁健康人群运动心率反应规律及呼吸系统机能存在年龄及性别差异,HRDP与乳酸恢复能力、肺功能间存在显著关联,上述指标可以作为评估世居高原健康成人有氧运动耐力能力的有效手段。