Tgf2转座子多克隆位点的克隆与表达

以金鱼pTgf2-EF1α-EGFP转座子为基础,构建含有多克隆位点(Multiple cloning sites,MCS)序列以及外源目的基因肌醇-3-磷酸合成酶(Myo-inositol-3-phosphate synthase,MIPS)的重组表达载体并注射到斑马鱼1-2期受精卵,检测重组表达载体pTgf2-EF1α-MCS-EGFP和pTgf2-EF1α-MCS-MIPS-EGFP在斑马鱼中绿色荧光蛋白基因(EGFP)的表达情况以及外源基因MIPS在斑马鱼体内的整合情况。荧光观察结果显示,两个重组载体均不影响EGFP的表达,只是表达强度存在一定差异,表明对Tgf2转座子的改造是有效的。转基因斑马鱼PCR检测结果显示,靶基因MIPS的编码区能够完整地整合到斑马鱼基因组中,整合效率达31.4%。重组表达载体的成功构建显示金鱼Tgf2转座子可以介导外源基因在斑马鱼中的表达,为以后Tgf2转座子在鱼类基因功能研究方面奠定了基础。     

金鱼hAT家族转座子Tgf2的克隆及其结构

hAT家族转座子以果蝇hobo、玉米Ac和金鱼草(Ceratophyllum demersum L.)Tam3为代表,以"剪切-粘帖"方式进行DNA转座。1996年,日本学者首次在白化青鳉(Oryzias latipes)中发现具有天然活性的脊椎动物hAT家族转座子,即青鳉Tol2转座子,该转座子已在模式生物斑马鱼转基因、基因和启动子捕获方面进行了广泛应用。文章根据玉米Ac与青鳉Tol2转座子序列保守区设计一对引物,在19种不同鱼类物种或品系中进行PCR筛选,最后发现此类hAT家族转座子在我国不同品系金鱼中存在,命名为金鱼Tgf2转座子。金鱼Tgf2转座子全长4720bp,由4个阅读框组成,与青鳉Tol2转座子的相似度为97%。金鱼Tgf2与青鳉Tol2转座子在末端倒位重复和亚末端重复上存在一定差异,此外,金鱼Tgf2转座子的中间反向重复序列(1453bp到2091bp)可形成一种"十"字结构,明显有别于青鳉Tol2转座子形成的茎环结构,这些区域与转座活性密切相关。文章预示金鱼Tgf2转座子可能具有更高的天然转座活性,构建高效金鱼Tgf2转基因元件可供鱼类转基因和基因捕获研究。     

转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼外源基因拷贝数的测定

目的:测定转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼的外源基因拷贝数。方法:以杂合F5代和杂合F6代转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼为材料,以其外源插入片段(pDsRed-mylz2)与基因组插入位点5′侧翼区之间的边界序列作为特异性内参片段,同时以外源整合的红色荧光表达载体序列(pDsRed-mylz2)作为目的基因,采用实时荧光定量PCR技术测定外源基因整合的拷贝数。结果:运用外源基因与特异内参在同批次实时荧光定量PCR中的初始拷贝数比值,得到杂合F5代和杂合F6代转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼中插入的外源红色荧光表达载体序列pDsRed-mylz2的拷贝数均值均为3。结论:转红色荧光蛋白基因唐鱼的外源基因拷贝数为3。     

piggyBac转座子在牛基因组的整合位点及特征分析

piggyBac(PB)转座子作为一种遗传工具被广泛应用于多个物种的转基因及插入突变研究, 目前PB转座子在牛中的相关研究还较少。为了获得PB转座子在牛基因组中的整合位点, 总结其转座特征, 文章构建了PB[CMV-EGFP]和pcDNA-PBase二元转座系统, 利用细胞核电转技术共转染牛耳组织成纤维细胞, 经G-418筛选, 获得了稳定转染EGFP的转基因细胞系; 提取细胞基因组DNA, 利用基因组步移技术扩增PB转座子5′ Bac区插入位置的DNA序列; 通过与牛基因组序列进行BLAST比对, 得到PB转座子在牛基因组中的插入位点。文章共获得了8个有效的整合位点, 但仅有5个位点定位到染色体1、2、11和X染色体上。序列分析表明：在牛基因组中, PB转座子可特异性的插入到“TTAA”位置, 并整合到基因间的非调控区; 分析整合位点“TTAA”相邻一侧的5个碱基组成, 发现PB转座子5′端倾向于插入到GC(62.5%)碱基富集区。该研究表明, PB转座子可以在牛基因组中发生转座, 获得的整合位点信息为利用PB转座子在牛上开展遗传学研究提供了理论参考。     

利用Tol2转座子构建转基因草金鱼初探

青鳉Tol2转座子是脊椎动物中发现的第一例天然具有活性的转座子,目前已经被成功应用于多种模式动物的转基因研究中。采用PCR的方法以质粒pCAgcGH为模板亚克隆出一段含有草鱼生长激素(GH)5个外显子、鲤鱼β-actin启动子及多个酶切位点的序列,并将这段序列与经双酶切处理的质粒pTol2-MCS-EGFP进行重组连接,得到重组质粒pTol2-GH-EGFP。采用显微注射的方法将重组质粒pTol2-GH-EGFP与体外合成的Tol2转座酶mRNA一起注入草金鱼受精卵中。通过观察绿色荧光和PCR检验绿色荧光蛋白和GH基因的表达,筛选出成功转入外源基因的草金鱼。阳性表达检出率为17.3%。利用Tol2转座子构建转基因草金鱼,不仅丰富了Tol2转座子的应用范围,而且为进一步利用Tol2转座元件进行观赏鱼转基因及基因表达研究奠定了基础。     

PiggyBac转座系统在转mCherry基因斑马鱼上的应用

改造了Piggy Bac转座子供体质粒5'-PTK-3',将红色荧光蛋白基因(m Cherry)定向插入其中,构建得到了基因捕获载体质粒:PTK-m Cherry。通过显微注射,将Piggy Bac转座子供体质粒与Piggy Bac转座酶m RNA共注射于斑马鱼受精卵中,筛选得到了m Cherry的表达在时间及空间上均不同的转基因斑马鱼,统计表明m Cherry在F0代中有8.2%的表达率,Piggy Bac转座子能够在斑马鱼中进行有效转座且捕获到不同基因,有效实现突变体的筛选。     

睡美人转座子在草鱼CIK细胞中介导的高效基因整合

为研究睡美人(Sleeping Beauty, SB)转座子系统在草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus)肾脏细胞(CIK)中介导的整合特性, 构建了SB转座子和转座酶在两个质粒的二元反式(trans)转座子系统, 以及转座子和转座酶元件在同一个质粒的一元顺式(cis)转座子系统; 通过转染CIK细胞, 用荧光显微镜、流式细胞仪和荧光定量PCR分析了转染2d后及嘌呤霉素筛选4周后的细胞, 测定DsRed转染效率和整合效率, 并结合高效热不对称交互式PCR扩增获得SB转座子整合位点的序列。结果表明, SB二元转座子系统的整合效率远高于一元系统; SB转座子与转座酶比例为1﹕2时, 外源基因DsRed的整合效率最高; SB转座子偏向于插入草鱼基因组TA序列处。研究表明优化SB转座子和转座酶的比例能提高外源基因在草鱼细胞中的整合效率并快速获得突变细胞, 同时为在鱼类细胞中采用SB转座子建立突变体文库提供理论基础。     

农杆菌介导Ds转座因子转化番茄群体的构建

以番茄Micro-Tom子叶为试材,绿色荧光蛋白GFP基因为报告基因,利用农杆菌介导的遗传转化法将构建的激活表达标签pAcGFP导入番茄Micro-Tom,获得转基因番茄群体.对转化群体进行了GFP基因活性及分子检测,结果表明,GFP已经整合到番茄基因组中.以GFP基因设计引物进行PCR检测表明,阳性率为91.43%.通过Southern杂交分析,31.25%的个体为一个插入位点,56.25%为2个插入位点,T-DNA在基因组中的平均拷贝数为1.8个.     

转基因猪中外源基因拷贝数和整合位点的研究

主要采用了绝对定量PCR和热不均一交错PCR(thermal asymmetric interlaced PCR,TAIL-PCR),检测了体细胞核移植技术生产的绿色荧光蛋白转基因猪中外源基因拷贝数和整合位点,并利用旁侧PCR(Junction PCR)对整合位点进行确定,同时进一步分析了整合位点的纯合性．结果表明,绝对定量PCR可以准确有效地检测外源基因拷贝数,标准曲线为：log₂N (拷贝数) =-0.935 4ΔCt + 3.411 6 (R²=0.997 4,P < 0.001),两只转基因猪中外源基因拷贝数分别为30.85 ± 1.77和18.87 ± 1.34;TAIL-PCR能成功地克隆转基因猪中外源基因整合位点,得到25条特异性条带,经BLAST比对,共获得TgInS1 (1 440 bp)、TgInS2 (1 263 bp)和TgInS3 (1 861 bp) 3个整合位点．以整合位点侧翼序列特异性引物与外源基因特异性引物的组合引发Junction PCR,得到预计大小的特异性片段,确定了整合位点上、下游侧翼序列的准确性．采用整合位点5′上游和3′下游侧翼序列特异性引物与外源基因特异性引物的组合,进行Junction PCR,在两只转基因猪中都得到与野生型猪一致的侧翼序列特异性引物扩增片段,表明我们获得的转基因猪都为整合位点杂合子．初步建立了绝对定量PCR和TAIL-PCR对外源基因拷贝数和整合位点检测的体系,为今后研究外源基因在转基因猪中遗传和表达的稳定性打下了基础．     

新型二合一PiggyBac转座系统的构建及功能验证*

目的:PiggyBac(PB)转座子是一种可移动的遗传元件,采用“剪切和粘贴”机制在载体和染色体之间进行转座;通过将转座子元件和转座酶表达框整合到一个表达载体中,构建简便易用的二合一PB转座系统。方法:通过聚合酶链式反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)获取PiggyBac转座系统所需转座子元件和转座酶表达框,利用T4 DNA连接酶将转座酶表达框插入到pUC18载体上,再利用Gibson同源重组技术将转座子元件与重组载体结合构建二合一PB转座系统;使用该系统携带的增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)以及功能性损伤抑制蛋白(damage-suppressing protein,DSUP)检测其有效性及可靠性。结果:在所有筛选获得的嘌呤霉素抗性细胞中,EGFP都是明亮可见;利用此二合一PB转座系统成功获得了可高效表达功能性损伤抑制蛋白的稳定细胞系,证明外源基因可被有效整合到基因组DNA中并表达。结论:成功构建了新型二合一PB转座系统,使稳定表达细胞系的建立更加经济简便。     

The goldfish hAT-family transposon Tgf2 is capable of autonomous excision in zebrafish embryos

The goldfish (Carassius auratus) Tgf2 transposon is a vertebrate DNA transposon that belongs to the hAT transposon family. In this study, we constructed plasmids containing either the full-length Tgf2 transposon (pTgf2 plasmid) or a partially-deleted Tgf2 transposon (ΔpTgf2 plasmid), and microinjected these plasmids into fertilized zebrafish (Danio rerio) eggs at the one- to two-cell stage. DNA extracted from the embryos was analyzed by PCR to assess transient excision, if any, of the exogenous plasmid and to verify whether Tgf2 is an autonomous transposon. The results showed that excision-specific bands were not detected in embryos injected with the ΔpTgf2 plasmid, while bands of 300–500 bp were detected in embryos injected with pTgf2, which indicated that the full-length Tgf2-containing plasmid could undergo autonomous excision in zebrafish embryos. DNA cloned from 24 embryos injected with pTgf2 was sequenced, and the results suggested that Tgf2 underwent self-excision in zebrafish embryos. Cloning and PCR analysis of DNA extracted from embryos co-injected with ΔpTgf2 and in vitro-transcribed transposase mRNA indicated that partially-deleted-Tgf2-containing ΔpTgf2 plasmid also underwent excision, in the presence of functional transposase mRNA. DNA cloned from 25 embryos co-injected with ΔpTgf2 and transposase mRNA was sequenced, and the results suggested that partially-deleted Tgf2 transposons plasmids were excised. These results demonstrated that excisions of Tgf2 transposons were mediated by the Tgf2 transposase, which in turn confirmed that Tgf2 is an autonomous transposon.     

piggyBac转座子AgoPLE1.1在黑腹果蝇种系转化中的应用

[目的]通过检测黑腹果蝇 DDrosophiila melanogaster中piggyBac(PB)转座子AgoPLE1.1的转化活性,明确AgoPLE1.1开发为昆虫转基因载体的潜力.[方法]构建AgoPLE1.1转座酶辅助质粒pAgoHsp和带有红色荧光标记的供体质粒pXLAgo-PUbDsRed,辅助质粒和供体...     

Generation of Two-color Transgenic Zebrafish Using the Green and Red Fluorescent Protein Reporter Genes gfp and rfp

Two tissue-specific promoters were used to express both green fluorescent protein (GFP) and red fluorescent protein (RFP) in transgenic zebrafish embryos. One promoter (CK), derived from a cytokeratin gene, is active specifically in skin epithelia in embryos, and the other promoter (MLC) from a muscle-specific gene encodes a myosin light chain 2 polypeptide. When the 2 promoters drove the 2 reporter genes to express in the same embryos, both genes were faithfully expressed in the respective tissues, skin or muscle. When the 2 fluorescent proteins were expressed in the same skin or muscle cells under the same promoter, GFP fluorescence appeared earlier than RFP fluorescence in both skin and muscle tissues, probably owing to a higher detection sensitivity of GFP. However, RFP appeared to be more stable as its fluorescence steadily increased during development. Finally, F₁ transgenic offspring were obtained expressing GFP in skin cells under the CK promoter and RFP in muscle cells under the MLC promoter. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of monitoring expression of multiple genes in different tissues in the same transgenic organism.     

Postintegration stability of the silkworm piggyBac transposon

The piggyBac transposon is the most widely used vector for generating transgenic silkworms. The silkworm genome contains multiple piggyBac-like sequences that might influence the genetic stability of transgenic lines. To investigate the postintegration stability of piggyBac in silkworms, we used random insertion of the piggyBac [3 × p3 EGFP afm] vector to generate a W chromosome-linked transgenic silkworm, named W-T. Results of Southern blot and inverse PCR revealed the insertion of a single copy in the W chromosome of W-T at a standard TTAA insertion site. Investigation of 11 successive generations showed that all W-T females were EGFP positive and all males were EGFP negative; PCR revealed that the insertion site was unchanged in W-T offspring. These results suggested that endogenous piggyBac-like elements did not affect the stability of piggyBac inserted into the silkworm genome.     

A zebrafish gene trap line expresses GFP recapturing expression pattern of foxjlb

Foxj1 has been found to play an important role in cilia formation and function in vertebrates.The zebrafish or Xenopus genome expresses two Foxj1 genes, foxjla/FoxJ1 and foxj1b/FoxJ1.2. In this study, we have generated a zebrafish transgenic line T2BGSZ10 by Tol2 transposon-based gene trapping approach. T2BGSZ10 transgenic fish carry an insertion of the transposon genome into the first intron of thefoxjl1b locus. This insertion results in GFP expression in the forebrain, otic vesicles, floorplate, pronephric ducts and other domains during embryogenesis, which recaptures the expression pattern offoxjlb. Although normal expression offoxjlb is dramatically reduced,T2BGSZ10 homozygous embryos develop normally and grow to adulthood without detectable defects, which may be due to the incomplete interruption of foxj1b expression. Nevertheless, this transgenic line may serve as a useful model for dynamic observation of GFP-labeled tissues and organs and for isolation of GFP-labeled cells.     

A zebrafish gene trap line expresses GFP recapturing expression pattern of foxjlb

Foxj1 has been found to play an important role in cilia formation and function in vertebrates.The zebrafish or Xenopus genome expresses two Foxj1 genes, foxjla/FoxJ1 and foxj1b/FoxJ1.2. In this study, we have generated a zebrafish transgenic line T2BGSZ10 by Tol2 transposon-based gene trapping approach. T2BGSZ10 transgenic fish carry an insertion of the transposon genome into the first intron of thefoxjl1b locus. This insertion results in GFP expression in the forebrain, otic vesicles, floorplate, pronephric ducts and other domains during embryogenesis, which recaptures the expression pattern offoxjlb. Although normal expression offoxjlb is dramatically reduced,T2BGSZ10 homozygous embryos develop normally and grow to adulthood without detectable defects, which may be due to the incomplete interruption of foxj1b expression. Nevertheless, this transgenic line may serve as a useful model for dynamic observation of GFP-labeled tissues and organs and for isolation of GFP-labeled cells.     

插入玉米Ds转座因子的水稻转化群体及其分子分析

转座子标签法是一种利用转座因子插入高等植物基因组中造成基因突变,然后通过分离转座因子插入的旁邻顺序,进而克隆出突变基因的策略。这种策略在高等植物功能基因组学的研究中是十分有用的。为此目的,将玉米的Ds因子及bar基因连接至载体pCAMBIA1300的T-DNA区域中,构建成重组Ti质粒pDsBar1300。pDsBar1300中T-DNA区域中的潮霉素抗性基因可在转化过程中用作水稻转化植株的选择标记。插入在Ds因子中的bar基因可追踪转化后代的Ds因子。pDsBar1300通过根瘤农杆茵介导引入水稻品种中花11号的幼胚组织。从各转化愈伤组织中获得了1400株独立的Ds水稻转化植株。通过PPT抗性检测和PCR分析证明了水稻转化植株中Ds因子的整合。Southernblot分析了转化植株基因组中Ds因子的插入拷贝数,其中单拷贝插入比率约占70％。这些插有Ds因子的水稻转化植株,当引入自主型的Ac因子反式活化Ds因子后,可使Ds因子跳跃到不同位点上,就可得到更多的突变植株。     

鱼类Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型胶原蛋白基因系统进化及其在有/无肌间骨代表鱼中的表达比较分析

研究在分析鱼类Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型胶原蛋白基因系统进化基础上, 以有肌间骨的团头鲂(Megalobrama amblycephala)和无肌间骨的尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)为研究对象, 探究了Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型胶原蛋白基因在二者不同发育阶段及不同部位肌肉组织中的表达模式。系统进化分析结果显示, 胶原蛋白基因col1a1、col1a2和col2a1在有刺鱼和无刺鱼中均各自聚为一支, 团头鲂和罗非鱼3个基因的氨基酸同源性都在90%以下。不同部位肌肉组织(背部上方、尾部上方和尾部下方)的基因表达结果显示, 团头鲂col1a1a和col1a1b基因与罗非鱼该同源基因col1a1在不同肌肉组织中的表达模式存在明显差异。在团头鲂中, Ⅰ型与Ⅱ型胶原蛋白基因在背上肌肉中的表达量高于尾部; 而在罗非鱼中, 其表达模式则相反。团头鲂和罗非鱼不同发育时期的基因定量结果显示: 团头鲂col1a1a和col2a1b基因的表达在肌间骨出现以前(15 dph)和基本出现之后(50 dph)显著(P<0.01)增加, 且Ⅰ型胶原蛋白基因和col2a1b的相对表达量在不同时期差异明显, 其中col1a1a基因在50 dph的表达丰度极高; 与团头鲂相比, 罗非鱼中相应基因的表达量变化较小, 整体波动不大。研究揭示了Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型胶原蛋白在有刺鱼与无刺鱼肌肉中的表达模式, 结果表明col1a1在团头鲂和尼罗罗非鱼两种鱼类中表达模式显著不同(P<0.01), 推测其与肌间骨发育潜在相关。