两种板栗网丛螟属幼虫记述（鳞翅目：螟蛾科：丛螟亚科）

记述了湖北省罗田县取食板栗叶片的大豆网丛螟 Teliphasa elegans (Butler, 1881) 和阿米网丛螟 Teliphasa amica (Butler, 1879) 的幼虫形态学特征,拍摄了幼虫生活特征图和外形、口器等形态结构图,并初步记述了在板栗叶片上的生活习性。     

中国腹刺斑螟生物学和线粒体COI基因序列初步记述

首次发现中国腹刺斑螟幼虫取食板栗叶片,描述了幼虫和蛹的形态特征,拍摄了幼虫和蛹的生活特征图和外形等结构特征图,初步描记了其在湖北省罗田县栗园的生活习性;对幼虫线粒体COI基因片段序列进行了提取、扩增、测序和分析,其5’端629 bp的DNA序列可以作为中国腹刺斑螟鉴定的分子标记。     

两种板栗网丛螟属幼虫记述(鳞翅目:螟蛾科:丛螟亚科)（英文）

记述了湖北省罗田县取食板栗叶片的大豆网丛螟Teliphasa elegans(Butler,1881)和阿米网丛螟Teliphasa amica(Butler,1879)的幼虫形态学特征,拍摄了幼虫生活特征图和外形、口器等形态结构图,并初步记述了在板栗叶片上的生活习性。     

中国腹刺斑螟生物学和线粒体COI基因序列初步记述(鳞翅目:螟蛾科:斑螟亚科)（英文）

首次发现中国腹刺斑螟幼虫取食板栗叶片,描述了幼虫和蛹的形态特征,拍摄了幼虫和蛹的生活特征图和外形等结构特征图,初步描记了其在湖北省罗田县栗园的生活习性;对幼虫线粒体COI基因片段序列进行了提取、扩增、测序和分析,其5’端629 bp的DNA序列可以作为中国腹刺斑螟鉴定的分子标记。     

中国四种扇野螟属幼虫形态记述及生物学习性（鳞翅目：草螟科：斑野螟亚科）

记述中国扇野螟属三条扇野螟Pleuroptya chlorophanta、枇杷扇野螟P.balteata、四斑扇野螟P.quadrimaculalis、淡黄扇野螟P.sabinusalis等4种老熟幼虫的的形态特征且提供幼虫的形态特征图,并给出基于幼虫的生物学习性。     

内蒙古草原蝗虫个体大小及生活型划分的探讨

根据内蒙古锡林河流域草原蝗虫的形态测量指标,对２３种蝗虫进行了个体大小及生活型量化划分的探讨,结果表明,２３种蝗虫可以划分为大、中、小３个类群,生活型表现为从典型的地栖型到典型的植栖型的渐为特征。个体在小与生活型紧密相关,个体大的种类常为地本型,而个体小的种类多为植栖型。     

高原蔗区甘蔗螟虫种群结构及螟害枯心苗发生规律

【目的】明确不同种植制度下甘蔗螟虫种群结构及螟害枯心苗发生规律特征,以期为指导预警监测和制定防控措施奠定基础。【方法】应用自然种群接虫方法,定期调查不同植期、不同品种螟害枯心苗,对螟虫种群结构、枯心苗苗龄及螟虫幼虫龄期特征、枯心苗动态等指标进行分析。【结果】水田蔗区以大螟Sesamia inferens Walker为主,伴有少量黄螟Argyroploce schistaceana Snellen,旱地蔗区以大螟为主,伴有二点螟Chilo infuscatellus Snellen和极少量黄螟。甘蔗低苗龄时,枯心苗中2龄幼虫数量最多,随着苗龄的增加,枯心苗中3龄、4龄等幼虫逐渐增多。其中,大螟为害枯心苗集中在6~8叶,枯心苗中幼虫以3龄和4龄为多;黄螟为害枯心苗集中在4~8叶,枯心苗中幼虫以3龄和5龄为多;二点螟为害枯心苗集中在5~8叶,枯心苗中幼虫以3龄和4龄为多。不论水田旱地,甘蔗苗期螟害枯心苗均会出现波动,但水田蔗区较旱地蔗区波动小。【结论】不同种植制度螟虫种群结构不同,不同螟虫和甘蔗品种影响枯心苗特征及其发生动态。     

三种中华鳋的扫描电镜观察

桡足类隶属节肢动物门(Arthropoda)甲壳动物亚门(Crustacea)颚足纲(Maxillopoda)桡足亚纲(Copepoda), 其中既有剑水溞和镖水溞等自由生活的类群, 也有营寄生生活的杯口水蚤种类1。杯口水蚤目(Poecilostomatoida)鳋科(Ergasilidae)种类的幼虫及雄性成虫完全营自由生活, 只有雌性成虫寄生在鱼体上, 因此被认为可能是由自由生活向寄生生活演化的过渡类群2。       

烟草粉斑螟的观察

烟草粉斑螟是烟叶及卷烟贮存期的重要害虫。本工作研究了烟草粉斑螟的生活史、习性及影响消长的主要因子。在湖北省该虫一年发生2～3代,在26～30℃,相对湿度70～90％对,卵历期5～7天,幼虫期29～50天,幼虫5～6龄,蛹期6～18天。幼虫蚕食烟叶成孔洞,老熟幼虫在烟叶表面或麻袋及仓库隐蔽处吐丝结茧化蛹。烟叶从收购入库至贮存各环节均可遭受为害,以卷烟厂贮存过程受害最甚。通常高、中档烟叶受害重于低挡烟叶,其烟草粉斑螟种群密度随着贮存期的延长呈线性增加。烟叶含水量达13％时,幼虫发育迅速,为害重;含水量低于10％时,幼虫发育受到明显影响。     

基于外部形态特征量化分析判别菱角水螟幼虫龄期

【目的】本实验拟为田间准确快速判别菱角水螟Parapoynx crisonalis(Walker)幼虫龄期提供一种新方法,以便监测其发生规律、预测其发生时间。【方法】本研究通过对幼虫头壳宽、复眼距、体宽和体长4项外部形态指标的测量,运用Crosby生长法则和线性回归分析方法,结合各项指标的频次分布进行分析。【结果】各龄幼虫头壳宽平均值的变异系数和Crosby指数最小,为判别幼虫龄期的最佳分龄指标,幼虫期共分为5龄,1~5龄的头壳宽分别为(0.2493±0.0053)、(0.3454±0.0018)、(0.5079±0.0031)、(0.7419±0.0190)和(1.1287±0.0369)mm,其与龄期数呈线性关系。通过实验室饲养观察菱角水螟幼虫蜕皮次数验证该虫幼虫期分为5个龄期。【结论】头壳宽为判定菱角水螟幼虫龄期的最佳指标,复眼距次之。     

Larvae of Nymphulinae (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) associated with Hydrilla verticillata (Hydrocharitaceae) in North Queensland

Abstract  Australian Nymphulinae are a diverse group of moths with aquatic caterpillars that probably play an important role in determining the composition and abundance of aquatic macrophytes in Australian freshwater systems. Less than 10% of the nymphuline larvae in Australia have been described. As part of a project to develop biological control agents for hydrilla, Hydrilla verticillata , we encountered a variety of Nymphulinae larvae feeding on this and other aquatic plants. We illustrate, describe and provide a key to five species of Nymphulinae larvae ( Ambia ptolycusalis (Walker), Parapoynx diminutalis Snellen, Hygraula nitens Butler, Margarosticha repititalis (Warren) and Theila siennata (Warren)) that feed on hydrilla in North Queensland. Information on their host plants also is included. Our field research indicates that none of these species should be considered as potential biological control agents for hydrilla.     

中国水螟亚科二新种记述(鳞翅目:草螟科)

记述了采自天津及河北、福建等地的水螟亚科Nymphulinae 2新种, 即 环波水螟Paracymoriza convallata, sp. nov.和白筒水螟Parapoynx candida, sp. nov..模式标本保存于南开大学生物系, 天津.1. 环波水螟Paracymoriza convallata,新种(图1,3)前翅长♂9.0 mm.正模♂, 福建永泰县青云山 (25.52°N,118.57°E),550 m,2002-Ⅸ-18,王新谱采.新种与华南波水螟Paracymoriza laminalis (Hampson) 相似,主要区别在新种前翅中线外白区前缘封闭;雄性外生殖器抱器瓣基部较窄,端部较圆.2. 白筒水螟Parapoynx candida,新种(图2,4～5)前翅长♂11.5～12.0 mm;♀11.5 mm.正模♂,天津武清县 (39.31°N,116.51°E),1976-Ⅵ-22, 王印来采.副模1♂,天津市板桥农场(38.52°N,117.28°E),1976-Ⅵ(采集人不明);1♀,河北大城县 (38.40°N,116.39°E),1976-Ⅵ-12 (采集人不明).此新种与重筒水螟Parapoynx stratiotata (Linnaeus) 相近,区别在于新种外横线至翅外缘白色;雌性外生殖器无明显囊突.     

Natural enemies from South Africa for biological control of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lagarosiphon major</Emphasis> (Ridl.) Moss ex Wager (Hydrocharitaceae) in Europe

The non-native invasive plant, Lagarosiphon major (Hydrocharitaceae) is a submersed aquatic macrophyte that poses a significant threat to water bodies in Europe. Dense infestations prove difficult to manage using traditional methods. In order to initiate a biocontrol programme, a survey for natural enemies of Lagarosiphon was conducted in South Africa. Several phytophagous species were recorded for the first time, with at least three showing notable promise as candidate agents. Amongst these, a leaf-mining fly, Hydrellia sp. (Ephydridae) that occurred over a wide distribution causes significant leaf damage despite high levels of parasitism by braconid wasps. Another yet unidentified fly was recorded mining the stem of L. major. Two leaf-feeding and shoot boring weevils, cf. Bagous sp. (Curculionidae) were recorded damaging the shoot tips and stunting the growth of the stem. Several leaf-feeding lepidopteran species (Nymphulinae) were frequently recorded, but are expected to feed on a wide range of plant species and are not considered for importation before other candidates are assessed. The discovery of several natural enemies in the country of origin improves the biological control prospects of L. major in Europe.     

Ecology of aquatic Lepidoptera (Crambidae: Nymphulinae) in South Carolina, USA

An ecological study was conducted in May and June of 1995 and 1996 in South Carolina to determine the factors associated with distributions of aquatic Lepidoptera (Crambidae: Nymphulinae). Larvae were found at 65 lotic and lentic sites in three ecoregions (Piedmont, Sandhills, Coastal Plain). Nine species of aquatic Lepidoptera were collected from 12 species of aquatic vascular macrophytes. One to six plant species were used as hosts, depending on the species of lepidopteran; however, the number of host plants used by a lepidopteran was significantly correlated with the lepidopteran's frequency of occurrence. Significant habitat associations were found for five species. Langessa nomophilalis (Dyar) was found under the widest range of temperature and width and occurred in both lotic and lentic habitats. Munroessa icciusalis (Walker) was found in lotic and lentic habitats and had the widest range of recorded depths. Parapoynx maculalis (Clemens) occurred at stream sites with lentic-like conditions. Parapoynx obscuralis (Grote) occupied the widest range of pH and was restricted to lotic habitats, and P. seminealis (Walker) was found in both lotic and lentic habitats. Additional species, collected at fewer than 8% of sites, included M. gyralis, P. allionealis, Synclita obliteralis, and S. tinealis. Overall, the distributions of aquatic Lepidoptera in South Carolina were nonrandom and predictable on the basis of habitat characteristics. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

菱臼齿兽((犭亚)目、哺乳纲)耳区的骨骼结构

本文详细描述了菱臼齿兽耳区各个部分的基本结构;并指出了耳区结构与某些啮齿类的相似性,以及中耳鼓泡组成成份与戈壁(犭亚)兽(Anagale gobiensis)的区别。     

长吻鮠精巢及精子结构的研究

长吻鮠精巢高度分支呈指状。后1/3紫红色,由上皮细胞组成,既不产生精子,也不贮存精子。精巢的内部结构为叶型,由体细胞和生殖细胞构成,小叶的基本单位是小囊。精子头短而圆,主要为核占据,无顶体,核凹窝十分发达,有中心粒帽;尾极长,具侧鳍,轴丝基部有发达的囊泡状结构和线粒体。     

四川自贡大山铺蜀龙动物群——简报Ⅲ.蜥脚类

本文记述了中侏罗世蜥脚类一新属种——巴山酋龙(Datousaurus bashanensts gen. et sp. nov.)对李氏蜀龙(Shunosaurus lii)的特征进行了补充,讨论了它们在蜥脚类进化过程中的位置。     

四川自贡发现合川马门溪龙新材料

记述了产自四川自贡上侏罗统的一具较完整的蜥脚类恐龙骨架 ,将其归入合川马门溪龙 (Mamenchisaurushochuanensis)中。新材料的发现弥补了合川种正型标本的不足 ,对合川种的特征作了重要补充 ,同时也使我们对马门溪龙的末端尾椎形态有了新的认识。     

芒苞草形态学和胚胎学研究：Ⅱ.花药和胚珠发育的研究

芒苞草成熟胚珠为倒生型,薄珠心,双珠被。胎座为侧膜胎座向中轴胎座的过渡类型。胚囊发育为单孢蓼型。 成熟胚囊由印器,具二极核的中央细胞及三个反足细胞组成。助细胞呈倒梨形,极性不明显,珠孔端壁有角状的丝状器。中央细胞的二极核在受精前融合为次生核。 花药具二个小孢子囊,花药壁层为单子叶型,具分泌型绒毡层,小孢子母细胞减数分裂时,胞质分裂为连续型,四分体是左右对称式排列,成熟花粉粒为二细胞的。 在花药与胚珠发育过程中,多糖物质的消长是有规律的变化。     

巨龙竹生殖器官形态结构及雌、雄配子体的发育

通过石蜡切片的方法对巨龙竹生殖器官结构、大小孢子的发生和雌、雄配子体的发育过程进行了观察研究。 巨龙竹为一心皮组成的单室单子房,子房内具有一个胚珠,倒生、双珠被、厚珠心。大孢子母细胞减数分裂形成线形排列的4个大孢子,合点端大孢子具功能。胚囊的发育为蓼型,具多个反足细胞。巨龙竹的花药壁由4层结构组成,包括表皮、药室内壁、中层、绒毡层;花药壁发育为单子叶型,绒毡层为腺质型。小孢子母细胞减数分裂中的胞质分裂为连续型,四分孢子为四面体型;成熟花粉粒为2细胞型,具1个萌发孔。小穗发育雌雄异熟,雌蕊的发育早于雄蕊的发育。